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Darwin's Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals; Lewes' History of Philosophy; Lewes' Problems of Life and Mind; Lewes' Physical Basis of Mind; Tyler's Primitive Culture, and Early History of Mankind; Lubbock's Origin of Civilization; Lecky's Rationalism in Europe; Spencer's Universal Progress; Spencer's Principles of Psychology; Fiske's Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy; Spencer's Recent Discussions; Mill's Dissertations, and Discussions; Ribot's Heredity; Ribot's Diseases of Memory; Sully's Illusions; Galton's Hereditary Genius, etc.

(6) Moral and Aesthetic Philosophy :—

The course in Ethics will consider the validity of modern attempts to construct a scientific theory of Morals, and a rational deduction of sound Ethical precepts.

The course in Aesthetics will elucidate those principles of criticism which rule in the formation of correct taste in the several departments of Fine Art. Lectures, with Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics for text-book. Reference will be made to other writers, such as Calderwood, Bentham, and Spencer in his Data of Ethics.

POLITICAL SCIENCE.

A preparatory statistical lecture is held for the second year students, where a short description of the important states, their constitutions, finances, economical development, is given.

The course in Political Science covers two years. The lecture for the third year class introduces the students to the principles of Public Law, illustrated by continual reference to the institutions which actually exist in the leading countries.

The disposition of the lectures is the following: Introduction. The organizations of human social life:individual, family, nation, community, society (especially religious society), State.

I-STATE AND PUBLIC LAW.

a. Sovereignty, Law, and People :-Sovereignty, pretented sovereignty of the people, and contrat social; territory; the people, duties and rights of subjects; inhabitants; acquisition and loss of the quality of subject.

b. Sphere and limits of the state :-Opposed theories on the sphere of state; individualism and socialism, state cares for administration of law and for general welfare (outward and inward); Sphere of state changing in history, and different peoples; limits of state relating to individual life or so called civil rights.

c. Form of state and government :-Constitutions of states, different in different times; common errors regarding the best form of government; Aristotelian division of states; other theories; historical development; patriarcal and despotic conquest state; ancient city state, theocracy, feudal states; modern states, development; absolute monarchy, constitutional representative government, democracy, composite states.

d. Limits of Political Science :-Relation to other sciences.

II.-ORGANS OF THE STATE.

Iutroduction-Criticism of the theory of the division of

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a. The Monarch :-General position; personal prerogatives; acquisition of the crown; capacity to succeed; effect of the succession; usurpation; representation of the monarch, regency; abdica

tion.

b. The public service:-Nature; duties of public officers; rights; entrance into the public service and end.

c. Representation of the people :-Nature and common errors; formation; forms of transaction.

III.-FUNCTIONS OF STATE-POWER.

a. Legislation-Law, customary and unwritten; statute and ordinance; publication.

b. Jurisdiction:-Nature; "voluntary jurisdiction"; organization; government and justice, especially the Ministère Public;" pardon; administrative jurisdiction in different countries; conflicts of attribution.

c. Administration :-Administration not executive power; central government, council of state; ministeries; administration of foreign affairs; of home affairs; organization in general; self-government; England, France, Germany; administration of local communities.

IV. THE MEANS OF THE STATE-POWER.

a. Finances Public property; revenue, especially taxes; expenditure; debt; the budget; organization of the administration in different countries; the control.

b. Administration of army and navy.

V.-SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SINCE THE TIME OF HUGO GROTIUS.

Books of reference principally used:

Woolsey, Political Science.

Bluntschli, Lehre vom modernen Staat.

Von Mohl, Enzyklopädie der Staatswissenschaften.
Lieber, Civil Liberty and Self-government.
Gerber, Grundzüge des Staatsrechts.

Hom. Cox, Institutions of England.

Brodrick, Local Government in England.

De Franqueville, Local Government in France.
Morier, Local Government in Germany and England.
E. Meier, Verwaltungsrecht (in Holtzendorff's
Encyclopædia).

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE.

The lectures for the fourth year class give more in detail the organization of home-administration, and the laws which are to be carried out by this organization,

in the following order :

Introduction:-Nature of administrative science. I.-Organization :-In general; law and administration; states and local communities; self-government; police (repressive, preventive); description of the organization in detail of the most important countries; administrative jurisdiction.

II.-Administrative laws:

a. Law of persons:

1. Physical life :-Population; statistics; civil state; emigration and immigration; settlements; poorrelief; public health; dearth.

2. Mental life-Education; morality; religion; arts. b. Economical law:

1. Agriculture; forests; hunting; fishing; mining. 2. Industry and commerce.

3. Copyright; patents; trade marks, etc.

4. Weights; measures; markets; currency; banking; exchange.

5. Locomotion; highways; waterroads; railway; post and telegraph.

c. Social law:

1. Corporations; associations; meetings; press.
2. Working classes (saving banks, etc.)

3. Insurance (fire, water, etc.)

The books of reference (besides the above mentioned)

R. von Mohl, Die Polizeiwissenschaft.

L. von Stein, Handbuch der Verwaltungslehre.

A. Batbie, Précis du cours de droit public et administratif.

M. Ducrocq, Cours de droit administratif.

M. Block, Dictionnaire de l'administration.

R. von Mohl, Geschichte und Litteratur der Staatswissenschaften.

W. Roscher, System der Volkswirthschaft. (The first part in the translation by Lalor).

Besides these, the students are made acquainted with the more important literary productions bearing on the subject.

POLITICAL ECONOMY.

In order to give the students in the second year an adequate idea of the scope of the subject, the fundamental truths of the science are laid before them as completely as possible in the limited space of time.

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