Blemmyes, Ethiopian tribe of, iii. 644
Boadicea, revolt of, iii. 471

Bocchoris the Wise, i. 126

Bocchus's (King) relations with Jugurtha
and the Romans, iii. 63; betrays Jugur.
tha to the Romans, 65

Boeotia, Phoenician colonization of, i. 311;
a common battle-field of the states of
Greece, 463

Boeotian league, i. 356; confederacy, ii. 505
Boeotians, conjecture respecting their stolid
obstinacy, i. 311

Boii, subjugation of the, ii. 536; their name
retained in Bohemia, iii. 347
Bomilcar, conspiracy of, iii. 359
Bona Dea, mysteries of the, iii. 196
Bonaparte and Hannibal, parallel between,
ii. 474

Bonaparte, Charles Louis, declining the title
of emperor, iii. 256

Bonifacius, last Roman general in Africa,

iii. 736; killed in a duel by Aëtius, ib.
Borderers, troops stationed on the frontiers,
iii. 709

Boria and Thoria (leges), iii. 42

Borsippa, remains of Birs-Nimrud at, i. 200
Bosphorus, a corruption of Bosporus, iii.

700

Bosporus, kingdom of, iii. 104

Bosporus, topography of the, iii. 700
Brasidas, campaigns of, i. 510

Breaking the line, Roman example of, ii.
407

Brennus not a proper name, ii. 267

Bricks and brickmakers, Egyptian, i. 104
Britain, Cæsar's invasions of, iii. 217; ear-
liest history of, 393; final conquest
of, 469; few Romans in the Roman
legions in, 732; absolved from its alle-
giance by Honorius, 734
Britanniarum Vicarius, iii. 709
Britannicus poisoned by Nero, iii. 412
British Islands, early names of the, ii. 357 ;
coins, ancient gold, iii. 394
Britons, massacre of, iii. 472

Brundisium, treaty of, the end of the Ro-
man civil wars, iii. 281

Brutus (L. Junius), story of his fulfilling an
oracle, ii. 211

Brutus (M. Junius), appointed proconsul of
Gaul by Casar, iii. 243; pardoned by
Cæsar, 235; character of, 257; legend
of his evil genius at Philippi, 277; sui-
cide, 278

Brutus (Decimus), named in Caesar's will,
iii. 264; governor of Cisalpine Gaul,
268; besieged in Mutina, 271; death,
273; the most able general of the Re-
publican party, 274

Bucephalus, the horse of Alexander, ii, 33-
Bull, legend of the Samnite, ii. 282
Burgundians first appear as a formidable
people, iii. 720

rus's freedom of speech with Nero, iii.

Byzantium chosen by Constantine as the
seat of empire, iii. 686; resemblance of
its site to Carthage, 701

CABALA and Masora of the Jews, iii. 583
Cadiz, Phoenician origin of the name, ii. 357
Cæcilia Didia, lex, iii. 86

66

Cæcilius (Q.), predecessor of Terence, ii. 563
Cæpio defeated by the Cimbri, iii. 73
Cæsar (C. Julius), quality distinguishing
him from Alexander, ii. 34; his birth,
iii. 80, 134; proscribed by Sulla, 134;
many Mariuses in him," ib. ; captured
by pirates and ransomed, ib.; vengeance
on them, 135; restores the statues of
Marius, ib. ; announcement of his victory
at Zela, "veni, vidi, vici," 150; cha-
racter by Niebuhr, 182; probability op
posed to his participation in the Catilina-
rian conspiracy, 191; speech on the con-
spiracy in Sallust, ib.; suspended from
the prætorship, 195; obtains the pro-
vince of Further Spain, 196; elected
consul, 201; remark on writing the life
of Cæsar, 203; first of his five consul-
ships, 204; his agrarian law, ib.; Com-
mentaries, 205; seven brilliant cam-
paigns beyond the Alps, 216; sails from
Portus Itius, 217; second invasion of
Britain, ib.; expression on crossing the
Rubicon, 223; proposal of an accommo-
dation with Pompey, 224; master of
Italy, 226; clemency, ib.; first dictator-
ship, 227; pursuit of Pompey, 228;
proposals for peace, 229; clemency after
the battle of Pharsalia, 235; pardons
Brutus, ib.; pursues Pompey to Egypt,
239; escapes by swimming from Phares,
240; injurious effects on his character
of his connection with Cleopatra, 241;
named dictator for a whole year, 243;
invested with the tribunitian power for
life, ib.; four-fold triumph, 248; die-
tator for ten years and Piæfectus Morum,
ib.; reformation of the calendar, 249;
master of the world, 251; invested with
the title of Imperator for life, and Parens
Patriæ, ib.; his vast reforms and pro-
jects, 252; judicial reforms, 253; as-
pires to the crown, 255; refusal of the
diadem, 256; the Ides of March, 258;
assassinated, 259; his transcendent
practical genius, ib.; the most perfect
specimen of human ability, ib.; unpar
alleled intellectual energy, ib. ; character
drawn by Cicero and Pliny, ib.; moral
qualities, 260; his real greatness used
to cast a halo over political crimes, ib.;
his will, 262; legacy of 300 sesterces to
every citizen, 264; obsequies, ib.; fune-
ral oration by Antony, ib.; the Julian
star, 268; Divus Julius, ib.; extinction
of his family, 431

Cæsars (the Six), genealogy of, iii. $27.

"Carthago, delenda est," ii. 522
Carus, the emperor, iii. 644; Persian em-
bassy to, 665; mysterious death, ib.
Casca strikes the first blow at Cæsar, iii.
258

Cassander, master of Macedonia, ii. 87;
death of, 103

Cassianus, conqueror of the Germans and
saviour of Gaul, iii. 624
Cassids or foot messengers, Persian, i. 386
Cassiterides or tin-islands, ii. 352
Cassius, prime mover of the plot against
Cæsar, iii. 257; "last of the Romans,"
277

Cassius Chærea's conspiracy against Cali-
gula, iii. 389

Cassivelaunus, the British chief, iii. 218
Castes, an infallible sign of a mixed popu-
lation, i. 72

Catacombs of Rome, secret worship of
Christians in, iii. 598; inscription re-
lating to the persecution of Marcus Au-
relius, ib.

Catacombs of Carthage, ii. 377

Catholic doctrine, standard of, how fixed,
iii. 692

Catilina (L. Sergius), conspiracy of, iii.

182; character, 184; cruelty and pro-
fligacy, 185; appearance in the senate,
189; speeches of Cæsar and Cato on the
punishment of the conspirators, 191;
death, 193; illegality of the execution
of the conspirators, 194

Cato's (Major or the Censor) mission to
Carthage, ii. 521; stern Roman virtues,
538; saying on official plunder, 556;
his three great enemies of the Repub-
lic," 560; private life, 561; avarice, ib.;
"Origines" and "De Re Rustica," ib.
Cato's (Uticensis) speech in Sallust on Ca-
tiline's conspiracy, iii. 191; march
across the desert, 245; in command at
Utica, ib.; reflections on his suicide,
246; his death the end of the Republic,
247

Caucasian race, the, i. 52
Caucasus, Indian, ii. 71
Caudine Forks, victory over the Samnites

at, ii. 284; Roman disaster at, 293
"Cauneas," an omen to Crassus, iii. 209
Celtiberian war, ii. 539
Celtiberians, the, 450

Celtic names of places in Britain, ii. 110
Celts (or Gauls), migrations of, ii. 110;
land of the, according to Herodotus,
260; a branch of the Aryan or Indo-
German race, 260; their characteristics,
according to Thierry, 261; their part
in the history of the ancient world, 262;
their victories over the Etruscans, 264
Censor, office of, ii. 252
Censorship of Cato, ii. 559

Census returns, Roman, iii. 11; of the
empire under Augustus, 354; under
Claudius, 401

Central fact in the history of the world,
great, iii. 537

Centuriata, Comitia, ii. 201

Centuries and classes, table of the Roman,
ii. 200

Cerealis (Petilius), harangue of, iii. 449.
Cerinthus, the Jewish heretic, iii. 592
Cestius Gallus, governor of Syria, his ad-
vance to Jerusalem, iii. 563; flight, 564
Cethegus (C. Cornelius), custom in his
family, iii. 186

Chaldæa, northern and southern tetrapolis,
i. 199; four races of, 207
Chaldæan race, the, i. 193; its original
seats, 197; astronomical observations,
196; towers (the great), were temples,
199; cities sacred to the heavenly bodies,
ib.; temple-towers, 201; art and science,
209; week, 211

Chaldæans, three senses of the name, as a
tribe, a nation, and a caste, i. 193; skill
in pottery and textile fabrics, 210;
arithmetic and astronomy, b.; decimal
and sexagesimal scales, 211; astronomi-
cal science, ib.; calculation of a lunar
eclipse, ib.

Châlons, Attila defeated at, iii. 743; great
question decided at, ib.

Chalybes, tradition respecting the, iii. 101
Charidemus's advice to Darius, who orders
his death, iii. 53

Charitable foundations of antiquity, few, iii.

522

Charles V. and Diocletian, parallel between,
iii. 667
Chatham

compared to Appius Claudius

Cæcus, ii. 315

Chatti, their name preserved in Hesse, iii.
338

Chedorlaomer, expedition of, i. 63
China, a glimpse of, iii. 659; wall of
(Aggeres Serium), ib. ; history of, ib.
Chios, revolt of, i. 525

Charonea, battle of, the extinction of Gre-
cian liberty, ii. 29

Choliambic verse, i. 372

Christ's nativity rather about the Passover
than Christmas, iii. 537; ministry, 545;
testimony of Tacitus to the historic truth
of his death, 420

Christian era three years later than the
birth of Christ, iii. 345; church, its
foundations laid in the Mosaic law,
546; religion established by Constan-
tine, 688

Christianity, rise of, iii. 529

Christians accused of setting fire to Rome,
iii. 420

Chronology, note on Scripture, i. 10; Ro-
man, system of, ii. 163

Chrysopolis (Scutari), Licinius finally de-
feated at, iii. 686

Chrysostom's (Dion) Attic orations, iii. 528
Chrysostom (John), the great master of
Christian eloquence, iii. 730

Cibalis, Licinius defeated by Constantine
at, iii. 684

Cicero (M. Tullius), birth of, iii. 80; family,

135; born at Arpinum, 136; stemma of
his family, ib.; instructed by Archias,
ib.; visits Athens, 137; characteristic
of his pursuit of his art, 139; speech for
the Manilian law, a fulsome panegyric on
Pompey, 147; character and political
course, 183; Delphic oracle given to him,
ib.; consulship, 188; corrected dates of
the Catilinarian orations, 189; saluted
by Cato as Pater Patriæ, 192; attacked
by Q. Metellus Nepos, 194; nicknamed
Cneius Cicero, 199; exile and recal,
207; defence of Milo, 215; proconsul of
Cilicia, 219; joins the Pompeian party,
230; his jests, 231; return to Italy,
239; pardoned by Cæsar, 243; appro-
bation of his assassination, 262; wel-
comes Octavianus, 267; Philippics, 269;
second Philippic his greatest work, 270;
his sacrifice a stain on the memory of
Augustus, 271.

Cimbri, chief seats of the, iii. 69; their
defeats of the Romans, 73; re-enter Italy,
74; annihilated by Marius, 76
Cimbri and Teutones, invasion of the, iii. 48
Cimbric Chersonese, iii. 69

Cimmerians, their geographical position, i.

254; question of their identity with the
Cimbri and Cymry, 255

Cimon and Pericles, rivalry of, i. 450
Cimon's campaigns against Persia, i. 451
Cincinnatus (L. Quinctius), story of, ii. 240
Cinctus Gabinus, ii. 287

Cineas, minister of Pyrrhus, ii. 314; mis-
sion to Rome, 315; impression made on
him by Rome, ib.

Cinna (L. Cornelius), consulship of, iii. 98;

his government a despotism, 112;
death, 113

Cinna's conspiracy, Augustus's clemency
on, iii. 346

Circumcision, institution of, i. 64

Circus Maximus, the, ii. 193; games of the,
335

Civilis (Claudius), insurrection of, iii.
446

Civilization, modern, its existence decided
at the battle of Châlons, iii. 743
Civitas, abstract and concrete senses of, ii.
161

Clarissimi and Spectabiles, iii. 708
Classes and centuries, Roman, ii. 199
Claudian, the poet, iii. 729
Claudian aqueduct, iii. 399
Claudii, family of the, ii. 463
Claudius (Tiberius) saluted as emperor by
the Prætorian guards, iii. 390; character,
391; literary works, ib.; expedition to

Claudius (Tiberius) — continued.

Britain, 393; to extirpate Druidism a
motive of it, 396; extends the pomo-
rium, 397; marriage with his niece,
Agrippina, 403; murdered by her, 404;
tolerant edict for the Jews, 551
Claudius Gothicus (M. Aurelius), emperor,
iii. 630; anecdote of his equity, ib. ;
Gothic war of, 631

Cleander, minister of Commodus, iii. 525
Cleisthenes, founder of the Athenian de-

mocracy, i. 340; reforms of, 353; and
Solon, their institutions compared, 355
Clemens personates Agrippa Postumus, iii.
371

Clement's Epistles, remains of, iii. 593
Cleon, his character by Thucydides and
Aristophanes, i. 504; as chief Strategus,
508; success at Sphacteria, 509; death,
511

Cleon, leader of the Servile War, ii. 549
Cleonymus of Sparta, ii. 308

Cleopatra married to her brother Ptolemy
XII. iii. 237; expelled from her king-
dom, ib.; captivates Cæsar, 240; visits
Rome at Cæsar's invitation, 254; visit
to Antony at Tarsus, 279; her vast
projects, 290; war declared by Rome
against, 291; her death, 301; story of
the asp, ib.

Clepsydra at Rome, ii. 556

Clients and patrons, relations of, ii. 161; a
class of serfs, 172

Clitus saves Alexander's life at the Grani-
cus, 49; murdered by him, 73
Cloaca maxima, ii. 147; its construction
and remains, 192

Clodius's (P.) suspected intrigue with

Cæsar's wife, iii. 196; trial, ib.; ac-
complishes the exile of Cicero, 206; and
Milo, factions of, 213; murdered, 214
Clodius Albinus defeated by Severus, iii.
605

Clovis, forms of the name, iii. 742
Clusium besieged by the Gauls, ii. 265
Cniva, king of the Goths, iii. 622
Codrus, self-devotion of, i. 344
Coinage of silver and copper in Greece, i.
331

Coins, values of Roman, ii. 327; caution
as to their historic evidence, iii. 632
Coincidence, marvellous, at the battle of
Mycale, i. 442

Cologne, a Roman colony of Claudius, iii.
332

Colonies, Roman, ii. 323; the propugnacula
imperii, 329; Mr. Long on, iii. 9
Colonists, Roman grants of conquered ter-
ritory to, iii. 9

Colonization of conquered states, Athenian
system of, i. 356; principles of Greek,
359; great extent of Greek, 367;
Roman system of, ii. 329

Colosseum, so called from a colossal statue
of Nero, iii. 422

Columna Rostrata, monument of naval
victory, iii. 285

Comedy, history of, i. 477

Comedy (Old), character of the, i. 478
Comes (Count or Earl), successive meanings
of the word, iii. 708

Comitia tributa, centuriata, and curiata,
ii. 198

Commagene made a Roman province, iii. 154
Commodus, born in the purple, iii. 516;

a parallel to Nero, 523; decimates the
senate, 524; assumes the title of Hercu-
les, 525; of Amazonius, 526; murdered
by Marcia, 527

Conon rebuilds the long walls, i. 541;
imprisoned, 545

Constans slain by Magnentius, iii. 712
Constantine the Great, iii. 671; nomi-
nated to the empire by Constantius, ib.;
proclaimed by the army of Britain, ib. ;
cruelty of his nature, 672; defeats Max-
entius, 675; saluted as Augustus by the
Senate, 676; arch of, ib.; promulgates
an edict of toleration in favour of the
Christians, 677; his vision of the cross,
680; incredibility of it, 681; criticism
on his miraculous conversion, ib. ; ques-
tion whether he was a Christian at all,
ib.; Niebuhr on his character, 682; not
baptised till his last moments, ib.; de-
cree for the observance of Sunday, ib. ;
called loanóσTOXOS, 683; the edict of
Milan a noble declaration of universal
tolerance, ib.; defeats Licinius, ib.; re-
pulses the Goths and Sarmatians, 684;
exploit at the battle of Hadrianople,
685; makes Christianity the established
religion, 688; sole master of the empire,
ib.; a preacher, ib.; account of one of
his sermons, ib.; vain attempts to recon-
cile controversialists, 691; convokes the
Council of Nicæa, 692; paralleled as
head of the Church by the first "head
upon earth of the Church of England,"
696; genealogical table of his family,
697; story of his remorse for the execu-
tion of his son Crispus, false, 700; the
true founder of modern royalty, 706;
new system of government devised by
him, ib.; death at Nicomedia, 711
Constantine II., Constantius, and Constans,
emperors, iii. 711; slain, 712
Constantine, a private soldier, nominated
emperor by the army of Britain, iii.
732
Constantinople, the one spot best calcu

lated for universal empire, iii. 686; the
capital of the Eastern Roman empire for
eleven centuries, 687; its foundation,
capture by the Turks, and rescue from
the Russians, three epochs in the history
of the world, ib.; description of it, 701;
dimensions of the city, 702; comparison
with modern capitals, ib.; Constantine's
vision of the Genius of Byzantium, ib. ;

Constantinople-continued.

its public buildings enumerated, 703;
church of St. Sophia, ib.; dedicated as
the New or Second Rome, 705; rank
as a colony, 706; of equal dignity with
Rome on the division of the empire, ih.
Constantius I. appointed Cæsar by Maxi-
mian, iii. 652; surnamed Chlorus, ib.;
takes Boulogne from Carausius, 657;
reunites Britain to the empire, ib. ; dies
at York, 671; genealogical table of the
house of, 697

Constantius II., massacre of his cousins
and uncles, iii. 711; sole master of the
empire, 713
Constitution-maker, inevitable tendency of
the, iii. 122

Constitutions, Imperial, iii. 315

Consul, etymology of the word, ii. 218;

only example of the deposition of a, 301
Consuls nominal from the time of Diocle-
tian, iii. 707

Consulships, both opened to the plebeians,
ii. 285

Contiones or Conciones, historical examples
of, iii. 12

Conventicle, meaning of the word, iii. 679
Corbulo ordered by Nero to put himself to
death, iii. 427

Corcyra, maritime fame of, i. 340; mas-

sacres in, 507; and Corinth, rivalry
between, 485

Corinth, tyrants of, i. 340; sacked by
Mummius, ii. 517; natural defence of,
i. 542

Corinthian war, the, i. 538

Coriolanus (C. Marcius), ii. 234

Corn Law, particulars of the Sempronian,
iii. 29

Corn Laws, Roman, iii. 28
Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, iii. 4;
her noble letter to Caius Gracchus, 25;
her life after the death of the Gracchi,
39

Corneliæ leges, iii. 123

Cornelii, Sibylline prophecy concerning the,
iii. 190

Cornelius Cossus (A.) gains the spolia
opima, ii. 254

Corona obsidionalis, iii. 94

Coronea, battles at, i. 463, 539

Corsica and Sardinia become a Roman
province, ii. 417

Corvus (M. Valerius) obtains the spolia
opima, ii. 254; why called Corvus, 268
Council of Nice (Nicæa), iii. 689
Council, second general, iii. 727
Counts and Dukes in Constantine's system
of government, iii. 707

Count of the East (Comes Orientis), iii.
707

Courtezans, Athenian and Corinthian, i.
490

Crassus (M.) conquers Spartacus and im-
pales 6000 prisoners, iii. 133; banquet