sity in 1879, and at the Theological Department of the Boston University in 1882. He was pastor of Methodist Episcopal churches in Lodi, O., in 188283; Oberlin in 1883-85; and Tiffin in 1885-90. In the latter year he was elected chancellor of the University of Denver. He is a member of the Colorado State board of charities and corrections. McDowell, BATTLE AT. General Banks with 5,000 men was at Harrisonburg, in the upper Shenandoah Valley, at the close of April, 1862, and "Stonewall" Jackson, joined by troops under Generals Ewell and Edward S. Johnson, had a force of about 15,000 men not far off. Jackson was closely watching Banks, when he was startled by news that General Milroy was approaching from Frémont's department, to join Banks or fall upon Staunton. Leaving Ewell to watch the latter, he turned rapidly towards Staunton, and sent Johnson with five brigades to strike Milroy. The latter, outnumbered, fell back to McDowell, 36 miles west of Staunton, whither General Schenck hastened with a part of his brigade, to assist him. Jackson also hurried to the & miles nest yesterday vict God gave us the willows Mcdowell which is 36 formules Stasenton. I lose the West with you in a few days. very "STONEWALL" JACKSON'S LETTER TO EWELL. assistance of Johnson, and on May 8 a severe engagement occurred, lasting about five hours. Schenck, finding the position untenable, withdrew during the night to Franklin, and the next day Jackson wrote to Ewell: "Yesterday God gave us the victory at McDowell." McEnery, SAMUEL DOUGLAS, lawyer; born in Monroe, La., May 28, 1837; acquired a collegiate education; served in the Confederate army during the Civil War; and afterwards engaged in the practice of law; was elected lieutenant-governor of Louisiana in 1879; and was governor in 1881-88; associate justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana in 1888-92; and a Democratic United States Senator in 1897-1909. McFingal, the title of a political and historical satire, in four cantos, written by John Trumbull during the American Revolution. McFingal is a representative of the Tory or loyalist party in that struggle, a burly New England squire, constantly engaged with Honorius, champion of the Whigs, or rebels, as the British called the patriots. In it all the leading Tories of the day are severely lampooned. The first canto was published in 1775; the whole work in 1782. a McGee, ANITA NEWCOMB, physician; born in Washington in 1864; daughter of SIMON NEWCOMB (q. v.). She took special courses at Newnham College, Cambridge, England, and at the University of Geneva, and graduated at the medical department of Columbian University in 1892. Later she practised in Washington. In the early part of the war with Spain she was appointed director of the Hospital Corps of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and had charge of the selection of the trained women nurses for both the army and navy. On Aug. 29, 1898, she was commissioned an acting assistant surgeon in the United States army, becoming the only woman officer in the army, and after the close of the war she was placed in charge of the nurses under the jurisdiction of the surgeongeneral. She was married to W. J. MCGEE (q. v.) in 1888. er mathematics, surveying, etc., and reading law. In 1873-75 he was engaged in surveying and in law practice; in 187476 invented and manufactured a variety of agricultural implements; in 1875-77 studied archæology and geology; and in 1877-81 made the most extensive topographical and geological survey of northeastern Iowa ever produced. Later he became connected with the United States Geological Survey, for which he surveyed the southeastern part of the United States, mapping out 300,000 square miles. In 1886 he investigated the Charleston earthquake, and in 1894-95 explored Tiburon Island, the abode of a savage tribe which had never before been investigated. He is author of Pleistocene History of Northeastern Iowa; Geology of Chesapeake Bay; The Lafayette Formation; The Siouan Indians; Primitive Trephining; and many scientific papers. He was chief of the department of ethnology and anthropology at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904. McGiffert, ARTHUR CUSHMAN, theologian; born at Sanquoit, N. Y., March 4, 1861; graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1882 and at the Union Theological Seminary in 1885; studied in Europe in 1885-88; and was instructor in Church History at the Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, in 1888-90; and professor in 1890-93. In the latter year he was called to the similar chair in the Union Theological Seminary, New York. At the session of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1898, charges of heresy were brought against him, based on passages in his History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age. He declined to retract, and withdrew from the Presbyterian Church in March, 1900. Among his notable publications are Dialogue Between a Christian and a Jew; A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age; and a translation of Eusebius's Church History (with notes and prolegomena). McGiffin, PHILO NORTON, naval officer; born in Pennsylvania in 1863; graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1882, and was first assigned to McGee, W. J. (no Christian names), duty on the China station. He manifested ethnologist; born in Dubuque county, Ia., great interest in that country, and when April 17, 1853; was self-educated while France declared war against China he at work on a farm, studying Latin, high- resigned from the navy and entered the service of China, after receiving the con- McGee, THOMAS D'ARCY, legislator; born in Carlingford, Ireland, April 13, 1825; came to the United States in 1842; appointed on the staff of the Pilot in Boston, but soon returned to Ireland, where he made himself conspicuous by his advocacy of the policy proposed by the Young Ireland" party. Suspected by the British government of treason, he escaped to the United States, settling in New York, where he founded The American Celt and The Nation. He removed to Canada in 1856, founded The New Era, and was elected to the Canadian Parliament in 1857. His political views had changed, and he parted company with his old associates. He was active in promoting the union of the British colonies in North America, and was elected a member of the first Parliament of the Dominion. On April 7, 1868, he was assassinated on the public street. Macgillivray, ALEXANDER, Indian sent of the United States government. During the war he captured the only gunboat that was lost to the French, in the battle of Yangtse. When peace was concluded he went to England to superintend the construction of several gunboats for China, one of which, the Chen-Yuen, became the flag-ship of the Chinese fleet in the war between China and Japan in 1894-95. At the battle of Yalu River, which was the first great combat between modern war vessels, Captain McGiffin early became the commander of the entire Chinese fleet by the death of his superior officer. In his eagerness to work his vessel to a point of vantage he exposed himself to personal danger and was badly wounded. He was shot once in the back of the head and once in the thigh. His body was literally filled with splinters. Both ear - drums were broken; all the hair was burned from his body, and his clothes were blown off. His chief; born in the Creek Nation in 1740; eyesight was affected so that he was never was the son of a Scottish trader of that able to see afterwards except in a shadowy name, who married a Creek maiden, outline; his body was black and blue daughter of the principal chief. When he from bruises. It is estimated that Mc- was ten years of age his father sent him Giffin's ship was hit 400 times-120 times to Charleston, under the care of his kinsby large shot or shell. The rain of pro- man, Farquhar Gillivray, by whom he was jectiles visited every exposed point of the placed under the tuition of an eminent vessel. Early in the fight a shell exploded English school-master. He was also taught in the fighting-top, instantly killing every the Latin language in the Free School of cne of its inmates. Indeed, all such con- Charleston. At the age of seventeen he trivances proved to be death-traps. Five was sent to Savannah and placed in the shells burst in shields of the bow 6-inch counting-house of General Elbert, where gun, completely gutting the place. Though he devoted much of his time to reading the carnage was frightful, the Chinese history instead of attending to his emsailors, with their commander to encour- ployer's business. His father sent for age them, stuck to their posts. With forty wounds in his body, holding an eyelid up with one hand, this man of iron nerve led the fighting on his ship until the Japanese vessels gave up the contest, and he alone of all the Chinese commanders kept his ship in its proper position throughout the fight, thus protecting the flag-ship and saving the fleet from total destruction. It is the custom of Chinese officers when they lose a fight to commit suicide. McGiffin would not follow the custom, and fell into disfavor. He re turned to the United States, became insane from his wounds, and killed himself in a hospital in New York City, Feb. 11, 1897. him to return home; and, finally, the Creeks chose him for their principal sachem, or king. The King of Spain gave him the commission of a brigadier-general in his service. He married a Creek girl, and they had several children. Macgillivray desired that his children should learn and speak the English language, and always talked with them in English, while their mother, jealous of her native tongue, never would talk to them in English, but always in Indian. He espoused the British cause in the Revolutionary War; resisted many overtures for peace from the United States government; and was best known for his general treachery. He died in Pensacola, Fla., Feb. 17, 1793. McGilvary, EVANDER BRADLEY, edu- 1797; went to Canada early in life and becator; born in Bangkok, Siam, July 19, came connected with a commercial house 1864; received his early education in on Prince Edward Island. Subsequently North Carolina; and graduated at he returned to Scotland and represented Davidson College in 1884. He was a Glasgow in Parliament. His publications fellow of Princeton Theological Seminary in 1889-90; an instructor and assistant professor in the University of California in 1894-99; and was then called to the chair of Moral Philosophy at Cornell University. Dr. McGilvary has translated into the Siamese language the gospels of Matthew, Luke, John, and the Acts of the Apostles. He is a contributor to the Philosophical Review, and to Mind. McGlynn, EDWARD, clergyman; born in New York City, Sept. 27, 1837; was educated at the College of the Propaganda in Rome. In 1860 he was ordained priest and returned to New York City, where he became an assistant to Father Farrell in St. Joseph's Church. In 1866 he was appointed pastor of St. Stephen's Church in New York, and while in this pastorate founded St. Stephen's Home for Orphan and Destitute Children on a very meagre scale, but so rapidly did the enterprise grow that in a few years it occupied three lots on Twenty-eighth Street, two large bouses, 20 acres of land at New Dorp, S. I., and an acre of land and house at Belmont, Fordham. He became a strong advocate of the single-tax theories of HENRY GEORGE (q. v.), whom he heartily supported as candidate for mayor of New York City in 1887. These views were rebuked in a letter written him by Archbishop Corrigan, and shortly afterwards he was suspended from his pastorate and summoned to Rome to appear before the tribunal of the Propaganda. He, however, refused to go, and, in consequence, was excommunicated. In 1892 he was restored to the exercise of his priestly functions. In 1894 Archbishop Corrigan appointed him pastor of St. Mary's Church at Newburg, N. Y., where he died, Jan. 7, 1900. McGovern, JOHN, author; born in Troy, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1850; was connected with the Chicago Tribune for sixteen years. He is the author of Empire of Information; Famous Women of the World; American Statesmen; Histories of Wheat, Money, Paint, and Market Places, etc. include Commercial and Financial Legislation of Europe and America; American Discovery from the Times of Columbus; History of the British Empire from the Accession of James I., etc. He died in Boulogne, France, April 23, 1857. Machen, WILLIS BENSON, legislator; born in Caldwell county, Ky., April 5, 1810; elected to the State Senate in 1853, and to the State Assembly in 1856 and 1860; sympathized with the South, and represented Kentucky in the Confederate Congress in 1861-64. He was appointed United States Senator from Kentucky to fill an unexpired term from December, 1872, to March, 1873. He received one electoral vote in 1872 for Vice-President. He died in Louisville, Ky., Sept. 28, 1893. McHenry, JAMES, statesman; born in Ireland, Nov. 16, 1753; emigrated to the United States in 1771; served during the Revolutionary War as surgeon. On May 15, 1778, he was made Washington's private secretary, which office he held for two years, when he was transferred to the staff of Lafayette. He was a member of the Maryland Senate in 1781-86, and of Congress in 1783-86. Washington appointed him Secretary of War in January, 1796, and he served until 1801. He died in Baltimore, Md., May 3, 1816. McHenry, FORT, a protective work on Locust Point, Baltimore, about one-half its present dimensions. In anticipation of a visit from the British marauding squadrons in 1814, the people of Baltimore sunk some vessels in the narrow channel between the fort and Lazzaretto Point, which prevented the passage of an enemy's ships. Fort McHenry was garrisoned by about 1,000 men, volunteers and regulars, commanded by MAJ. GEORGE ARMISTEAD (q. v.). To the right of it, guarding the shores of the Patapsco, and to prevent troops landing in the rear, were two redoubts-Fort Covington and Babcock's Battery. In the rear of these, upon high ground, was an unfinished circular redoubt for seven guns, and on Lazzaretto MacGregor, JOHN, political economist; Point, opposite Fort McHenry, was a small born in Drynie, Ross-shire, Scotland, in battery. This and Fort Covington were in charge of officers of Barney's flotilla. Such were Fort McHenry and its supporters on the morning of Sept. 12, when the British fleet, under Admiral Cochrane, consisting of sixteen heavy vessels, five of them bomb-ships, had made full preparations for the bombardment of the fort. fusion in the fort caused by this event, and hoping to profit by it, ordered three of his bomb-vessels to move up nearer the fort, in order to increase the effectiveness of their guns. Armistead was delighted, and immediately ordered a general cannonade and bombardment from every part of the fort; and so severe was his punishment of the venturesome intruders that within half an hour they fell back to their old anchorage. A rocket vessel (Erebus) was so badly damaged that the British were compelled to send a division of small boats to tow her out of reach of Armistead's guns. The garrison gave three cheers, and the firing ceased. At sunrise, Sept. 13, the bomb vessels opened a heavy fire on the fort and its dependencies at a distance of 2 miles, and kept up a well-directed bombardment until 3 P.M. Armistead immediately opened the batteries of Fort McHenry upon the assailants; but after a while he found that his missiles fell short of his antagonist and were harmless. The garrison was composed of two companies of sea fencibles, under Captains Bunbury and Addison; two companies of volunteers from the city of Baltimore, under the command of Captains Berry and Pennington; a company of United States artillery, under Captain Evans; a company of volunteer artillerists, led by Judge Joseph H. Nicholson; a detachment of Barney's flotilla, under Lieutenant Redman, and detachments of regulars, 600 strong, furnished by General Winder, and under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart and Major Lane. The garrison British did not lose a After the British vessels had resumed their former stations, they opened a more furious bombardment than before, and kept it up until after midnight, when it was discovered that a considerable force (1,200 picked men in barges) had been sent up the Patapsco in the gloom to attack Fort McHenry in the rear. They were repulsed, and the bombardment from the vessels ceased. At 7 A.M., on the 14th, the hostile shipping and land forces menacing the city withdrew, and Baltimore was saved. In this attack on the fort the man; and the was exposed to a tremendous shower of Americans had only four men killed and shells for several hours, without the power twenty-four wounded, chiefly by the exto inflict injury in turn, or even to check ploding of the shell that dismounted the the fury of the assault; yet they endured 24 - pounder. During the bombardment the trial with cool courage and great forti- FRANCIS S. KEY (q. v.) was held in tude. At length a bomb-shell dismounted custody in a vessel of the fleet, and a 24-pounder in the fort, killing a lieu- was inspired by the event to compose The tenant and wounding several of the men. Star-Spangled Banner. Armistead and Admiral Cochrane, observing the con- his brave band received the grateful bene |