xxii

CONTENTS.

Page.

Persecutions of the Church.-Change effected after the conversion of

Constantine.-Celibacy.-Demoralized State of the Clergy in the

Middle Ages.-Religious Reformers.-Establishment of the Holy Office.

-Persecution of the Albigenses.—St. Dominic and Gregory IX.-

Persecution of the Moors and Jews.-Ferdinand V.-Pious IV. and

Torquemada.-Inquisition of Spain new modelled.—Its first Operations.

-People and Cortes exonerated.-Charles V.: Efforts to reform the

Holy Office in his Reign.-Persecutions in the Sixteenth Century.—

Progress of Lutheranism.-Auto de Fe at Valladolid in 1599.-Case

of Eleanora Vibero.-Auto de Fe at Seville. -Story of Maria Bohor-

ques and her sister Juano.-Persecution of Englishmen.—Anecdotes.—

Auto de Fe at Logroño, in 1810.-Moratin.-A Reflection.-Grand

Auto de Fe at Madrid in 1880.-Charles II. and his Family are present.

-Analysis of La Relaçion Historica.-Preparations, Processions and

Sermon:-Ceremony of Burning.-Articles of Faith.-Minor Auto de

Fe, performed in October of the same Year :-Victims who suffered

LETTER XIII.

Subject of Religion continued.-Popular Errors.-M. Llorente, and M. Clau-

sel de Coussergues.-De la Borde and Bourgoing.-Assertions of those

Writers refuted by M. Llorente.-Allusion to the Grand Autos, and

Mode of Procedure.-Recapitulation of Autos and Victims.-Grand

Junta.-Case of the Curate Solano.-Change in Public Opinion.—

Mayans and Feijoo.-Concordat in 1737:-Its effect.-Melchor de

Macanaz; Belando; Campomanes, &c.-Progress of Knowledge.—

Condemnations in the Reign of Ferdinand VI. and Charles III.-

Barbarous Laws unrevoked.-Modern Procedure and Punishment.-

Treatment of Prisoners.-Mode of Trial.- Edict of Denunciation :

-Its Effect on Penitents.-Declaration of Llorente.-Account of the

Torture. Story of Don Juan de Salas.-Various Modes of Suffering.

-Chamber of Torment.-Dungeons at Zaragoza, Madrid, and

Valladolid.

350

397

LETTER XIV.

RELIGIOUS REFORM, MANNERS and CUSTOMS.--Preliminary Reflections.

-Appeal to Religious Reformers.-Effects of Absolution, Auricular

Confession and Celibacy.—Their Origin.—Mr. Bowring.—Pan y Toros.

-Indifference of the People to the Duties of Religion: its Cause.→→

Necessity of a Change.-Gregoire, Marina, Llorente, &c.-Relaxation

of Morals in Spain accounted for.-Qualities of Men and Women.-

Materials for a Legislator.-Influence of the Priesthood.-Effects of

Riches and Titles.-Grandees and Plebeians: Degeneracy of the

former.-Priests and Lawyers.-Merchants and Tradesmen.-Opinion

of the Abbé de Pradt. Saying of Louis XIV.-Information amongst

the Lower Classes.-Arrieros, Contrabandistas, &c.-Social Inter-

course.-Reception and Treatment of Strangers.-Comparisons.—

Castilian Pride, Bombast and Quixotism.-Titles and Armorial

Bearings.-Mendicity.- Point of honour in Spain.-Duelling.-Music

and Dancing. -Costume.-Inordinate use of Snuff and Tobacco.-

Allusion to Bull Feasts.-Essay on Games, by Jovellanos.-Tour-

naments.--Origin of the Bull Feasts.-Extract from Pan y Toros.

-Opinion and Suggestion of Jovellanos.-Desultory Remarks on the

Spanish Capital.- Contrast of Riches and Poverty.- Character and

Disposition of the Inhabitants.-Situation and Climate.-Architectural

Embellishments: Churches, Convents, and other Public Establishments.

-Royal Palace; View from the Terrace.-Public Walks, Theatres.

-Plaza de Toros.-El Prado.-Concluding Hints and Reflections.

LETTER XV.

LATERATURE and LEARNED MEN.-Influence of the Holy Office on

Letters and Science.-System of Exclusion and Persecution: their effect

on Literature.-Change under Louis XIV. and Philip V.-FEIJOO and

Mayans. Ferdinand VI. Charles III.-Progress of Letters in his

Reign.-Poets and Prose Writers.-Literary Men employed as Ministers

and Consuls.-Isla ; Campomanes; Jovellanos-his Biography: Florida-

blanca: Count de Cabarrus.-Living Writers of Spain: Lardizabal :

Toribio Nuñez: Cambronero: Herreros: De Salas: Cabrera: Hermo-

sillas: Reinoso: Vascons: O'Farril : Andujar: Moratin: Gorostiza: &c.

Marina and Llorente: some account of the latter.-Praiseworthy Con-

duct of the Spanish Poets.-Present tendency of Literature.-Taste for

French Literature.-Severity of the Inquisition towards English Writers.

-Bacon and Locke.-The Study and Cultivation of British Litera-

ture recommended.-Ignorance of English Writers in Spain.-Milton:

Escoiquiz Pope: Ingueros, and Mr. Bentham.-Works of Fiction.—

Precautions recommended.-Periodical Literature.-El Censor: La

Miscellanea.-M. Cambronero.- M. de Mora.-El Constitutional,

and La Minerva Naçional.- Irreproachable Conduct of Public Writers.

Page.

. 421

-An Exception.-State of the Fine Arts: Raphael Mengs.- Barba-

rous Taste of Former Times.-Innovations Suggested.-Alvarez and

Madrazo.—Advantages to the Patriotic Government of encouraging the

Fine Arts.

Page.

487

SUPPLEMENTARY LETTER.

Admission of Ministers into the Cortes.- Non-eligibility.—Intolerance.-

Jews.-Reglamento.-Remuneration.-Powers of the King.-Lanjui-

nais. De Pradt.-Haller.-State of Treasury.-Colonies.-Custom

Houses. - Diezmos.—Mayorazgos.-Cabarrus.—Miñano.- Political

Economy.-Heiberg.

545

POSTSCRIPT.

Remarks on the Political Code of Spain.-Notice of those Writers

who have commented on its Defects, particularly Count Lanjui-

nais, the Abbe de Pradt and Mr. Bentham.-Review of Men and

Measures, during the last two Years.- Patriots of 1812 and 1820 com-

pared.-Biography of Ferdinand VII.-Anecdotes of the Royal Family.

-State of Parties.-Distinctions, Afrancesados, Liberales, Serviles and

COMUNEROS.--Miscellaneous Facts and Observations.

. 561

384,

27,

read judge of the state.

391,

454,

465,

480,

507,

521,

543,

4, read Damians for Domianus.

12, read vaya for Oa ya.

7, read Frestas de Soros for Frestas Dé Toros.

23, read Roman for Romon.

28, read Count for Gount.

16, read Gallardo for Galliardo.
6, read Have for Gave.

584, note l. 13,

609,

read Moreno for Morenes.
read Morales for Moralo.
29, read Santisima for Santissima.
read Borbon for Bourbon.

615, 31,