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MARIA THERESA PRESENTING HER SON TO THE HUNGARIAN NOBLES.

fore them, with her infant in her arms, addressed them in Latin in the following memorable words: "Abandoned by my friends, persecuted by my enemies, attacked by my nearest relations, I have no other resource than in your fidelity, in your courage, and my own constancy. I commit to your care the son of your king, who has no other safety than your protection." At the spectacle of the beauty and distress of their young Queen, the Hungarians, a warlike people, drew their swords, and exclaimed, as with one voice, "We will die for our queen, Maria Theresa!" An army was assembled; and the queen, who had two powerful supports in her rare talents, and the love of her people, recovered several important places; the kings of England and Sardinia espoused her cause; and, after eight years of war, Maria Theresa was confirmed in her rights by the peace of 1748. She then directed her attention to repairing the evils which war had occasioned; the arts were encouraged, and commerce extended. The ports of Trieste and Turin were opened to all nations, and Leghorn extended her commerce to the Levant and the East Indies. The city of Vienna was enlarged and embellished; and manufactures of cloth, porcelain, silk, &c., were established in its vast suburbs. To encourage science, the Empress erected universities and colleges throughout her dominions, one of which, at Vienna, bears her name. She founded schools for drawing, sculpture, and architecture; formed public libraries at Prague and Inspruck, and raised magnificent observatories at Vienna, Gratz, and Tiernan.

In 1756 the torch of war was again kindled, and was not extinguished till 1763, when the treaty of Hubertsbourgh placed the affairs of Germany on nearly the same footing as before the war. The only advantage Maria Theresa reaped was, electing her son, Joseph, king of the Romans, in 1764. The next year she experienced a great domestic misfortune in the loss of her husband, to whom she had been tenderly attached; the mourning she assumed was never laid aside during her life; and she founded at Inspruck a chapter of nuns, whose office was to pray for the repose of the soul of

this beloved husband. Vienna beheld her every month water with her tears the tomb of this prince, who, for thirty years, had been her support and adviser.

After a long and glorious reign, and having beheld her eight children seated on the thrones, or united to the monarchs of some of the most flourishing states of Europe, and after having merited the title of Mother of her Country, Maria Theresa descended to the tomb in 1780. Her last moments were employed in conferring benefits upon the poor and orphans, and the following were some of the last words she uttered: "The state in which you now behold me," said she to her son, "is the termination of what is called power and grandeur. During a long and painful reign of forty years, I have loved and sought after truth; I may have been mistaken in my choice, my intentions may have been ill understood, and worse executed; but He who knows all, has seen the purity of my intentions, and the tranquillity I now enjoy is the first pledge of his acceptance, and emboldens me to hope for more. One of the most consoling thoughts on my death bed," said she, " is, that I have never closed my heart to the cry of misfortune."

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ROM the favourite hero of Germany, we pass to the no less popular hero of France. Napoleon's career was full of wonders. He kept Europe in a continual excitement, and frequently astonished the world, by deeds which had no previous parallel in history, from the moment when the star of his destiny rose at Toulon, till it sank below the horizon amidst the blood and dust of Waterloo. None of his exploits displays more personal intrepidity than his conduct in the battle of Arcola. This battle took place in his first Italian campaign, after that of Lodi.

From the moment the victory of Lodi was gained, Napoleon's army became invincible. Beaulieu effected his retreat, abandoning behind him Cremona, Milan, Pavia, Como, and Cassano,-into which places the French entered. Bonaparte received the submission of the town of Genoa, and that of Hercules d'Este, duke of Modena. That prince paid

to the French a large contribution in money, and retired to Venice. General Vaubois took possession of Leghorn, where six hundred Corsicans had taken refuge. These Bonaparte sent back to their island, to get up an insurrection against the English; who were, in consequence, expelled thence. The conqueror imposed on the pope, as the conditions of peace, a payment of twenty-one millions, and one hundred masterpieces from his museums. The king of Naples was taxed at six millions. Bonaparte then marched upon Vienna; and the army of the Sambre and Meuse, under Jourdan, and that of the Rhine, under Moreau, moved in the same direction. The Archduke Charles, the emperor's brother, was commander-in-chief of the Austrian army; and Moreau began by gaining from him four consecutive victories. He was then about to join his forces with those of Jourdan, when, inspired by the danger in which he saw himself placed, the archduke detached thirty thousand men, whom he sent against the advanced guard of Jourdan, overthrew it, cut off the communication between the two armies, and crushed that of the Sambre and Meuse, compelling it to fall back, in the greatest disorder, on the point from whence it had set out. He then directed his entire forces against Moreau; who, master of Ulm and encamped at the gates of Munich, covered an immense ground, and reckoned on the army of Jourdan to maintain himself there. Deprived of this succour, he commanded, and executed, an admirable retreat, traversing more than one hundred leagues of country, in presence of a formidable enemy, and in the midst of a hostile population, and re-entered Friburg, without having suffered his line of march to be once broken.

Bonaparte, however, continued to triumph over all obstacles, and approached Mantua. He blockaded that place, and entered the territory of the city of Venice, which was ruined by its neutrality. Old Wurmser raised the blockade of Mantua; Bonaparte triumphed in the celebrated battles of Castiglione and Lonato; but a skilful march brought Wurmser with thirty thousand men into Mantua. Bonaparte

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