a job, to get into the workstream all the way through. So, I am delighted the Senator has inserted this chart furnished by the Labor Department into the record. It helps demonstrate what we have been trying to get across-that wage increases, without a meaningful youth differential provision, have adverse effects on teenage employment. As far as domestics are concerned, for the life of me, as I said earlier today, I simply cannot understand how the Interstate Commerce Clause can be spread sufficiently wide to get that in. For the Record, I wish to read the definition of a domestic worker or private household worker within the Department of Labor, which is backed up so far as domestic workers being household workers in Webster's Dictionary. They include

As maids, housekeepers, practical nurses, domestic workers, day workers, house cleaners, grass cutters, handymen, window washers, chauffeurs, yard workers, cooks, companions, gardeners, laundresses, caretakers, charwomen, butlers, waiters, kitchen workers and babysitters.

Granted the Senator has eliminated babysitters from the domestics, they include everything else. If any housewife, when a young man comes around to mow the lawn, has to pay him the minimum wage, withhold, and all the rest, I think that is going to make liars out of a lot of people. It will be almost as bad as prohibition with respect to disregard for the law.

Mr. WILLIAMS. With regard to unemployment, this chart is further evidence that economic conditions have a great deal to do with unemployment figures, too.

The period the Senator cited was the period during the last administration of economic recession and the unemployment figures generally follow the same trends as the youth unemployment during the period.

Mr. DOMINICK. But did not the Senator put that chart in the Record as indicating there is no increase in unemployment?

Mr. WILLIAMS. Certainly. And following that I will place in the Record a description of the point I am making, that economic conditions have a great deal to do with these levels of employment in all groups, including youth.

The chart shows that before 1969, every time the minimum wage was increased, the teenage unemployment rate, 1-year later was lower than on the date of the increase. Additionally with the exception of 1962 and 1964-where the difference was statistically insignificant-onetenth of 1 percent-the rate 6 months after the date of the increase was also lower than on the date of the increase.

In 1969-71, the years cited by Senator Dominick, the only workers subject to minimum wage increases were those newly covered by FLSA in 1966. This amounted to 10 million workers, out of 45 million then covered by the act. Indeed, the 1969 4(d) report suggests that only 2 million workers were subject to wage increases due to the minimum wage increases that went into effect in 1969. By contrast, in 1968, when 7 million workers were affected, the unemployment rate for teenagers dropped almost 1 percent in the 6 months following the effective date of those increases.

We are all aware of the recession which occurred during 1969–71. As the chart shows, unemployment for both adults and teenagers in

creased during that period, as one would expect. There is no justification whatsoever for attributing this increase to the increases in minimum wages which went into effect for a very limited number of workers during this period. On the contrary, the record in the years prior to 1969 demonstrates that the minimum wage, by itself, has had no demonstrable adverse effect on either adult or youth employ

ment.

Mr. DOMINICK. All I can say is that we do have the chart in the Record and the chart speaks for itself.

Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, I wish to observe in connection with the colloquy between the chairman of the committee and the Senator from Ohio in discussing certification, that I believe certification is indeed a discouragement for those seeking employment. Certification generally tends to discourage people from engaging in certain activities. We have an example in connection with the guaranteed loan program in higher education where last year we required certification from the college to the bank that people are qualified for loans. It is reported by the banks that it caused a 40-percent reduction in the number of applications. So certification tends to discourage people rather than to encourage them to a particular activity. Certification in youth employment is an important factor that should be considered when we discuss this matter.

AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED FOR PRINTING

Mr. Cannon (for himself and Mr. Bible) submitted the following amendment intended to be proposed by them jointly to the bill (S. 1861):

AMENDMENTS

Intended to be proposed by Mr. CANNON (for himself and Mr. BIBLE) to S. 1861, a bill to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, to extend its protection to additional employees, to raise the minimum wage to $2.20 an hour, and for other purposes, viz:

1

On page 22, line 14, insert "(a)" after "SEC. 7.”.

2 On page 22, line 15, beginning with "(1)", strike

3 out through "(2)" on line 19 and insert in lieu thereof 4 "(1)".

5

On page 22, line 22, strike out "(e)" and insert in lieu 6 thereof" (2)".

7

On page 22, after line 24, insert the following new sub

8 section:

Amdt. No. 359

2

1

"(b) Section 14 of such Act, as amended, is amended

2 by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

3

“(e) (1) Notwithstanding the minimum wage rates

4 required by section 6 (a) (1) or (b), any educational insti5 tution may, in compliance with the applicable child labor 6 laws, employ any employee who is a student and who is 7 employed by the educational institution at which he has 8 been accepted for enrollment or which he is attending at a 9 wage rate which is not less than 85 per centum of the other10 wise applicable minimum wage rate prescribed by section 11 6(a); except that such special minimum wage rate for em12 ployees in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and American 13 Samoa shall not be less than 85 per centum of the industry 14 wage order rate otherwise applicable to such employees, but 15 in no case shall such special minimum wage rate be less 16 than that provided for under the most recent wage order is17 sued prior to the effective date of the Fair Labor Standards 18 Act of 1973.

19

666

(2) No educational institution may employ any em20 ployee who is a student at the special minimum wage rate 21 authorized by this subsection for longer than twenty hours 22 per week, except that the limitation contained in this para23 graph shall not apply in any workweek that is a vacation 24 period as determined pursuant to regulations established by 25 the Secretary.

3

1 "(3) The Secretary shall by regulation prescribe 2 standards and requirements to insure that this subsection 3 will not create a substantial probability of reducing the full4 time employment opportunities of persons other than those 5 to whom the minimum wage rate authorized by this sub6 section is applicable.'."