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three or four terms experience. There are 24 boys and 19 girls enrolled as pupils; 18 boys and 14 girls present. There are about 30 sq. ft. of black-board, some old maps, perhaps used as window curtains, possibly two or three extra text books on the table, a worn broom in the corner, a water-pail on a bench with a leaky cup beside it. The seating is fair and clean, but somewhat scratched. The walls are soiled as high as an average boy can reach, the floor clean but worn; a little plaster off, a broken or cracked pane of glass in one or more windows. A stove, almost red hot, near one end of the room. If the stove is not directly before the teacher's place, the pipe is carried over her head so low as to insure headache.

There are some cracks in the floor, more in the walls, and openings around the door. Windows can be opened only by raising the lower sash. The reading is poor-very-(I believe reading has degenerated in our county); arithmetic is much better taught; grammar, indifferently; writing, fair.

There is great waste of time in hearing three or four geography classes, when two should be sufficient, and in long questions by the teacher which require short answers from the pupils. Spelling is rather poorly taught, but better than reading. The teacher receives $30 to $35 a month and pays $2.50 to $3.00 a week for her board, this being the winter sea She is expected to have spent some time in school, fitting herself for the work, to attend Institutes and buy books, but is not employed over seven months in a year.

son.

Such is about an average school in this county, as shown from the 44 specimens recorded. Compare, my reader, with your school, see whether it is above or below, and in what respects, and then sit down and think awhile.

DUNN COUNTY.-Supt. Johnson has the following encouraging words in a report just published in the Ners. The incidental advice to District Boards is eminently

sound:

By comparing the above lists it will be seen that the regular third grade list is growing larger, while the list of limited certificates is very small in proportion to the regular third grades and the lists of former years. Two years ago the limited certificates equaled the third grade, and now are but a little over one-third! Are we one the march? These facts alone answer the question. Now, while the teachers are moving forward, let the district

boards sustain them in their efforts to become more efficient teachers, by always giving the preference to the best teachers. The policy of some boards to hire cheap teachers is ruinous, not only to the school in which they are employed, but to the band of teachers who are aiming at a higher plane of culture.

As limited certificates-which have been issued so that schools could be supplied with teachers of some sort, as good teachers have been very scarce-have served their time and are no longer needed, notice is hereby given that the regular fall examinations of 1874, no limited certificates will be granted. Each applicant will be required to answer 60 per cent. of the questions in order to get a certificate. This step is taken for the good of the schools, for the good of the qualified teachers and for the good of the educational interest in general.

AMIDST the prevailing taste for exploration of all kinds it is remarkable that no English publisher has turned his attention to Dr. Schliemann's great discov eries in the Troad. They have, however, been well canvassed in the literary periodieals, and from them alone at present can English readers derive information on the subject. Nothing is known as to to the destination of the extraordinary treasure so strangely discovered on the presumed site of Ancient Troy. The best antiquarians are unable to come to any conclusions respecting the date or origin of these relics, where gold seems to have been used with unexampled profusion, except that they are Prehellenic, or of earlier date than remains with well characterized Grecian features, and as certainly not prehistoric, having nothing in common with the stone or iron ages, but evidently the product of a remote civilization, distinct, well marked, and in a decided state of progress.—Book Buyer.

Or the 360 members of Congress, 124 are college graduates. Of the non-graduates, 85 received an academic education; 65 only a common school education. Four were educated in private schools, and six were "self-educated." Of the remaining 76, a large proportion took partial courses at college, or supplemented their early education by study in the law

or other professional schools. A classification of the 124 graduates reveals the

fact that Yale heads the list of the colleges represented in Congress—the num ber of its graduates, including Mr. William Walter Phelps of N. J., and Gov. Washburn, recently elected as the successor of Charles Sumner, being eight. These statistics were compiled from the Congressional Directory by a writer in the College Courant.

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In the State of Iowa about 35,000 persons over 21 years of age are unable to write. The State University at Iowa City has 515 students and 30 teachers. The State Agricultural College at Ames has 17 teachers and 273 students; Cornell College, at Mt. Vernon, 16 teachers and 350 students; Wesleyan College, at Mt. Pleasant, 10 teachers and 200 students. The yearly salaries given to principals of the leading high schools of the State are as follows: Dubuque, Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, Council Bluffs, each $1,800; Sioux City, Marshalltown, $1,600; Waterloo, Independence, Mason City, Ottumwa, Dakota, $1,500; Vinton, Boonsboro, Burlington, Marengo, Muskatine, Fort Dodge, $1,300. The principals of ward schools are best paid in Dubuque, where they each receive $1,500 per annum. These salaries may be considered reasonably remunerative in a comparatively new State-but how pitifully small they seem as incentives to thorough and accurate preparation by teachers!

THE deaf are taught to talk like hear ing people, and to read the lips, at Whipple's Home School for Deaf Mutes, Mystic River, Conn. Great success is attending the teaching of Whipple's American sys

tem.

THE schools of America teach many things; what they seem most particular to avoid teaching is the correct use of the English language; and as consequence, not one man in one hundred can write a page of copy that is fit to go to the printer without a radidcal revision.-From an address to Editors.

A

BOOK NOTICES, ETC. HISTORICAL CHART, presenting the World's History by Centuries. By Azel 8. Lyman. Jones Brothers & Co., publishers, Philadelphia and Chicago.

This is a map of History, bringing before the eye all that is notable in each century, showing at a glance contemporary personages and events, and fixing them in the mind just as the boundaries, cities, mountains, rivers, lakes, &c., of a country are impressed upon the memory by geographical maps. The work is embraced in a set of admirably executed plates all carefully and beautifully colored by hand, together with much valuable chronological and statistical matter. The whole elegantly and substantially bound, and accompanied by a "Key" in book form. The idea is to present the history of the world by centuries, and to bring the eye to the aid of the mind in locating facts and events. Time is represented as a stream, flowing a certain alloted space each century. The events are written down in the stream just where they took place, those most prominent in larger type. The date of the century is given at the top of each page, and the date in that century of each event recorded is placed just before the event. Thus the reader has spread out under his eye the history of a century, and in such shape that at a glance the mind takes in the general aspect of the whole period, the relative importance of each nation, the particular history of each, and the contemporaneous history of all. The work will be sold only by subscription, and can be obtained through agents at $3.00 and $4.50.

A BRIEF COURSE IN GEOGRAPHY. Philadelphia: Cowperthwait & Co.

We like this book for several reasons: It is complete in itself, and with a good teacher, is enough for common schools. The maps are carefully drawn, beautifully executed and not crowded with details. The engravings are fresh, spirited and appropriate. The text and questions, prepared by Mr. Arthur Sumner, who has had a good degree of experience, on

previous publications of the same nature, Music, and Education are well filled; the

are well done. State Supt. E. A. Apgar, of New Jersey, prepared the maps, and his well-known system of map-drawing is introduced. The method of instruction is simple and natural, and must commend itself to every intelligent teacher.

HARPER'S MAGAZINE for June begins a new volume-49-and is a number of unusual attractiveness, even for Harper. We notice especially an article by Chas. G. Atkins, "Collecting Salmon Spawn in Maine," with numerous illustrations. In view of the general interest now taken in stocking our lakes and rivers with valuable fish, this article will attract much attention, and prove of great service.

Gen. McClellan furnishes a second Paper on Army Organizations, which is very readable. The General's military achievements have not been equal to his talents, but as a writer on military affairs, he is scarcely surpassed.

The tales, sketches, poetry, etc., are as usual, good; the Easy Chair, among other topics, pays a warm and timely tribute to Charles Sumner; a very full and interesting Scientific Record is given, and altogether, the volume opens with all its old interest and sterling popular qualities. Now is an excellent time to subscribe. $4.00 a year. Address Harper & Bros., New York City.

last named contains an interesting paper on the Education of Women in Science. Judging from the last two numbers, the articles on Education mark a new departure in discussing that subject. 35 cents a number; $4.00 a year. Address H. O. Houghton & Co., Boston; Hurd and Houghton, New York.

SCHOOL FURNITURE.-Mr. H.W. Glazier,

of Muscoda, of yore one of the veteran teachers of Richland county, and now a State Agent for the National School Furniture Co., made us a call lately. He says the Peard "Folding Desk and Seat" sells remarkably well, and gives great satisfaction. It is particularly acceptable in the country districts, where they use the school-house, as is often done, for Divine Worship, on Sunday-the desk folding up out of the way. We did not ask him, but we presume the church people join with the board in meeting the expense of the seats in such cases. One of these desks is on exhibition in this office. See also advertisement, on the 2d page cover of JOURNAL.

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Mr. Glazier has placed on our table a 12-inch Franklin Globe, which appears to be all that a globe ought to be. We thought the Schedler Globe a fine one, but this is more durable. Mr. Philbrick, Superintendent of Boston, says:

"The Franklin Globes have been used in the public schools of this city for many years, and they have given entire satisfaction. Latterly they have been furnished to the schools on a large scale, and to the exclusion of all other descriptions of globes. Our aim is to have each classroom of the lower grades of our schools supplied with the nine-inch globe, while the larger sizes are placed in all the rooms occupied by the higher grades.

THE ATLANTIC, for June, closes the thirty-third volume. The two serial novels, Mose Evans, Prudence Palfrey, are concluded in this number, each with striking effects. A Rebel's Recollections, by George Cary Eggleston, presents characteristic scenes in a lively manner. The Poetry of the number is by W. D. Howells, C. P. Cranch, Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, Hiram Rich; G. P. Lathrop has a paper on Growth of the Novels; J. C. Layard writes from personal experience of Morphine; a clever story by James T. McKay is entitled Larcom's Little Chap; Henry James, Jr., contributes a sketch of Siena, and J. W. DeForest writes amus. The Editorial THE first Board of Education - The ingly of Modern Cats. Departments of Recent Literature, Art, blackboard.

For school use, I know no globes equal to the Franklin; in accuracy, in excellence of material and workmanship as well as in reasonableness of price, they cannot fail to give satisfaction. I am glad to have the chance to recommend them,

as I do, with the utmost cordiality and confidence."

WISCONSIN

JOURNAL OF EDUCATION.

VOL. IV.

JULY, 1874.

No. VII.

The Michigan State University and the High any direct practical relations as possible

Schools.

BY PROF. EWD. OLNEY.

In the first place, it should be under stood that there is no organic relation existing between our High Schools and University. In the schemes of certain wise and far-seeing men, even back in our territorial days, there were plans for a State University, which comprehended all education, literary, scientific, and practical, and from the lowest to the highest grade. But these plans for a Catholepistemiad, in which every person could find the opportunity to learn all that is necessary to be known, from plain sewing to international law, were never anything but vagaries in the brains of these sagacious and philanthropic, though eccentric, men. Our common school system was developed entirely on its own basis, and without any direct reference to making it a part of a system which should culminate in a University. So distinct were the schemes, that while the State held itself sacredly bound, from the first, to make all needful provision for the public schools, it acted only as trustee of the funds of the University, which arose from the sale of lands given by the general government. No direct aid was giv. en by the State to the University until five years ago. Again, when the University was first organized, our educators and our legislators were so far from conceiving

between the public schools and the University, that branches of the latter were actually established in different parts of the State, to do preparatory or academic work. The High School of to-day, as the necessary development of the common school, and the connecting link between it and the University, was not dreamed of. Nor were the possibilities of our High Schools, in this direction, fully realized until they were actually grown into and doing the work of preparatory schools.

It is true that the first President of the University, Rev. H. P. Tappan, LL. D., was accustomed to think and speak of our school system as a unit; but I am not aware that even he, broad and farreaching as was his vision, clearly fore saw the High Schools of the State as gymnasia, standing in immediate connection with the University on the one hand and the primary schools on the other. Certain it is that the bond of sympathy was of slow growth. In former years our denominational colleges, which largely influenced local sentiment, looked with jealousy upon the University, if they did not take the ground of open hostility. For some years it appeared as if we were to have an internecine educational war between the friends of denominational colleges and those of the University, and not a few skirmishes actually occurred. Nevertheless, under the able

nor was there any doubt as to where it was done; for, although our denominational colleges had each its preparatory department, comparatively few students prepared in these found their way to the University. The truth was apparent to all, that the natural course of events had developed not a few of our High Schools into excellent preparatory schools.

management of Doctor Tappan, the Uni- the New England sense, as a thorough versity steadily grew to an acknowledged preparatory school, we had not one. pre-eminence among the colleges of the Nevertheless, our University, with no State, and to a respectable standing preparatory department of its own, was among the higher institutions of our receiving Freshmen to the number of country. Its alumni multiplied, and be- 104, 112, 139, 168, annually, and this notgan to be found in our legislative halls, withstanding our requisitions for admisand in charge of our higher public sion were fully equal to those of our best schools. It began to be apparent that New England colleges, and were as rigthe University was gradually, but surely, | idly enforced. A large amount of prelifting the whole State on to a higher paratory work was being done somewhere; plane of educational thinking and acting. Through its influence all the interests of higher education were kindling into new life, and higher ambitions were being begotten in the minds of all in reference to liberal culture. Our denominational schools were not slow to see that this was a great good-and a good in which they were becoming sharers. The hostility passed away; and now those institutions are among the foremost to acknowledge and rejoice in the work which the University is doing. Thus has the University come to be recognized as the head of our entire educational system. In this I have not spoken of our excellent Normal School, and of our Agricultural College, since, though they have no organic connection with the University, they are but co-ordinate with it in the State work of higher instruction.

While this development was going forward, our Public and High Schools were by no means stationary. Our common school laws were brought to a high state of perfection, and under the leadership of a succession of excellent State superintendents, prominent among whom was Dr. Gregory, now Regent of the Illinois Industrial University, and by the efficient working of our Normal School, under such men as President A. S. Welch, our primary schools advanced with equal pace with the University. The graded school system was adopted in all our cities and larger villages, and High Schools became as numerous as such corporations. We had no academies in the State, or at least none whose name and influence were known beyond their immediate locality, and there only as good "select schools." An academy in

It was at this point that the Academic Faculty of the University began seriously to consider whether some closer relation between our High Schools and University was not practicable. It is true that sev eral of these schools had already arranged their preparatory course either in consultation with us or in reference to our requirements; and what through personal influence and intercourse between members of our Faculty and Superintendents and Principals, and the fact that many of the latter were our alumni, quite intimate relations had already come to exist. These things began to open our eyes to the possibilities of the situation, and in the autumn of 1870 the matter began to receive the formal attention of the Academic Faculty. With some hesitation and questioning on the part of some of our number, the following resolution was finally passed, and after a somewhat reluctant assent had been given by the Board of Regents, it was printed in our catalogue for 1870-71, as a

SPECIAL NOTICE TO PREPARATORY

SCHOOLS.

"Whenever the Faculty shall be satisfied that the preparatory course in any school is conducted by a sufficient number of competent instructors, and has been brought fully up to the foregoing requirements, the diploma of such school,

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