200 σ' διακοσιοι, αι, α 300 τ' τριακοσιοι, αι, α 400 υ τετρακοσιοι, αι, α 500 φ' πεντακοσιοι, αι, α 600 χ ̓ ἑξακοσιοι, αι, α 700 ψ' ἑπτακοσιοι, αι, α 800 ω' οκτακόσιοι, αι, α 900 ' εννακοσίοι, αι, α 1000 α χιλιοι, αι, α 2000 β διςχιλιοι, αι, α 3000 γ τριςχιλιοι, αι, α 4000 δ τετρακιςχίλιοι, αι, α 5000 ε πεντακιςχιλιοι, αι, α 6000 - ἑξακιςχλιοι, αι, α 7000 ζ ἑπτακιςχιλιοι, αι, α 8000 η οκτακιςχίλιοι, αι, α 9000 9 εννακιςχίλιοι, αι, α 10,000 ι μυριοι, αι, α 20,000 κ διςμυριοι, αι, α 100,000 ο δεκακιςμύριοι, αι, α διακοσιοστός, η, ον τριακοσιοστός, η, ον τετρακοσιοστος, η, ον πεντακοσιοστός, η, ον ἑξακοσιοστος, η, ον ἑπτακοσιοστος, η, ον οκτακοσιοστος, η, ον εννακοσιοστος, η, ον χιλιοστος, η, ον διςχιλιοστος, η, ον τριςχιλιοστος, η, ον τετρακιςχιλιοστος, η, ον πεντακιςχιλιοστος, η, ον ἑξακιςχιλιοστος, η, ον ἑπτακιςχιλιοστος, η, ον οκτακιςχιλιοστος, η, ον εννακιςχιλιοστος, η, οι μυριοστος, η, ον διςμυριοστος, η, ον δεκακιςμυριοστος, η, ον. In forming compound numbers you may put the smaller drst and the larger second, interposing και and, as πεντε και εικοσιν, five and twenty; or you may reverse the order, still however keeping the conjunction, as εικοσι και πεντε, twenty and five, 25. Thus, 345 will be either πεντε και τετταράκοντα και τριακοσιοι, οι τριακοσιοι και τετταράκονα και πέντε. Declension of the four first Numerals. Namely, είς, one ; δυο, two; τρεις, three ; τετταρες, four. Ν. εἰς μια G. ένος μιας ἐν ένος δυο δυοιν G. τριων τεττάρων τέτταρσι τρια τέτταρας τετταρα. EXERCISES.-ENGLISH-GREEK. Ευφράτης ποταμός εστι το εύρος τετταρων σταδίων. Το δε στα διον έχει παρα τοις Ρωμαιοις πεντε και εικοῦσι και ἑκατον βηματα, η πεντε και εικοσι και ἑξακοσιους πόδας. Κυρῳ παρησαν αἱ εκ Πελοποννησου νηες τριακοντα πέντε. Του Σαρου, Κιλικίας ποτάμου, το ευρος ην τρια πλεθρα. Το δε πλεθρον έχει ἑκατον ποδας. Κυδνος, Κιλικίας ποταμος, ευρος εστι δυο πλεθε ρων. Του Μαιανδρου, Φρυγίας ποταμού, το ευρος εστιν εικοσι πεντε ποδων. Ὁ παρασάγγης, Περσικόν μετρον, έχει τριακοντα σταδια η πεντηκοντα και ἑπτακοσίους και οκτακισχιλίους και μυρίους πόδας. Αριθμος συμπασης της ὁδου της αναβασεως και καταβάσεως, ἡ ὑπο Ξενοφωντος συγγράφεται, ησαν σταθμοι διακόσιοι δεκα πεντε, παρασαγγαι χιλιοι έκατον πεντηκοντα πεντε, σταδια τρισμύρια τετρακισχιλια ἑξακοσια πεντήκοντα, χρονου πληθος της αναβάσεως και καταβάσεως ενιαυτος και τρεις μήνες. Ενος φιλια συνετου κρείττων εστιν ασυνετών ἁπάντων. Του Κυρου στρατεύματος ην αριθμος των με ̔Ελληνων ὁπλιται μυριοι και τετρακοσιοι, πελτασται δε δισχιλιο και πεντακοσιοι, των δε μετα Κυρου Βαρβαρων δεκα μυριάδες και άρματα δρεπανηφορα αμφι τα εικοσιν. GREEK-ENGLISH. It is better to have one intelligent friend than many unintelligent ones. Seventy years produce about (αμφι and acc.) 25,555 days. The sum total of the way from the battle at (εν) Babylon to (εις) Cotyora, of the retreat, which Xenophon describes, is 122 stages, 620 parasangs, 18,600 stadia, the length of the time eight months. The number of the army is 39,850. (There) are four generals of the army, each of the four of (that is, commanding) 30,990 soldiers. In the battle (there) were present 96,650 soldiers and 150 scythe-bearing chariots. D. τρισι Α. τρεις Like εiς decline its compounds ουδεις and μηδεις, no one, thus, ουδεις, ουδεμια, ουδεν; g. ουδενος, ουδεμιας, &c. Plural, ουδενες, ουδεμιαί, ουδενα, ουδεμων, ουδεσι, &c.; the δ is euphonic. Avo is often used as an indeclinable word for all cases. The numeral aμow, both, has, like duo in the genitive and dative οιν, thus, αμφοιν; the accusative is the same as the nominative; like δυο, αμφω is sometimes used as an indeclinable. VOCABULARY. Πελταστης, ου, ὁ, a shieldbearer, targeteer. Οπλιτης, ου, ό, a heavy-armed | soldier. Παρασάγγης, ου, o, a parasang, a Persian measure of length = 30 stadia. Αριθμος, ου, ό, a number. Βαρβαρος, ό, a_barbarian, every one not a Greek, Ενιαυτός, ου, o, a year. Κυδνος, ου, o, the Cyanus. Πελοποννησος, ου, ή, Pelopon nesus. Βαβύλων, ωνος, ς, Babylon. Πους, ποδος, δ, (Lat. pes) a foot. Αναβάσις, εως, ή, a going up, an expedition. Καταβᾶσις, εως, ή, a going down, retreat. 'Αρμα, ἁρμᾶτος, το, a carriage. Βημα, άτος, το, a step, stride. Στρατευμα, ἄτος, το, an army. Ευρος, ους, το, breadth. Πλήθος, ους, το, a multitude. Συνετος, η, ον, intelligent. Δρεπανηφορος, ον, scythe-bearing. Συμπας, ᾶσα, αν, all, all together, total. Περσικος, η, ον, Persian. Ρωμαιος, ου, ο, a Roman. Σαρος, ου, o, the Sarus. Σταθμος, ου, o, a station, a day's march, stage = 5 pa- Συγγραφω, I describe (γραφω, rasangs or leagues. engrave, write). Πλεθρον, ου, το, a plethren =| Παρειμι, I am present. LESSONS IN CHEMISTRY.-No. XV. I PURPOSE beginning this lesson with a consideration of the distinctive properties of persalts of tin in solution. It was mentioned in the course of the preceding lesson, that our protochloride of tin required to be well protected against the atmosphere, otherwise it rapidly became converted into perchloride; nevertheless, it being now our object to prepare a perchloride of tin unmixed with protochloride, we must adopt some more ready means of imparting oxygen than that of mere exposure to atmospheric air. Nitric acid, or some of its compounds, are the bodies most commonly had recourse to by the chemist for imparting oxygen. You have already seen that nitric acid, when added to solid antimony and solid tin, is decomposed, with the evolution of orange-coloured fumes, and a white powder in either case results : and here I may offer a remark which is of universal application. Whenever you add nitric acid to any body, no matter what, and observe that the peculiar orange-coloured gas to which your attention has been more than once directed escapes, rest assured that the portion of rated upon. The following diagram will render this change more the nitric acid has delivered up its oxygen to the substance opecomprehensible than any mere words: From an examination of this diagram, it appears that nitric acid is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is represented in our diagram as divided into two portions, such being the result of decomposition. One of these portions goes to the tin, with which it combines, giving rise to oxide of tin; the other unites with the nitrogen, and forming the gas, binoxide of nitrogen, if collected without contact of atmospheric air, it is not orangeescapes. As regards this gas, you have already been informed that coloured, but altogether colourless. This circumstance, however, does not in any degree affect the practical truth of my remark, that whenever you see an orange-coloured gas escape after you |tion of the precipitate sulphuret by excess of reagent. Your athave brought nitric acid in contact with any substance, the ap-tention was directed to this point whilst we were engaged on pearance is a proof that the nitric acid has been busy in giving arsenic; I now direct your attention to the same in respect of oxygen. In order to render the preceding diagram more simple than it otherwise could have been, I have avoided the appending to it of proportional numbers. You may, however, add them, if you please, making the statement as follows: 2 equivalents of nitric acid ... 2 of tin 2 of nitrogen ... 10 of oxygen ... 2 of binoxide of nitrogen 2 of peroxide of tin 108 =116 = 28 = 80 = 60 =146 tin, the sulphuret of which does not fall completely, so long as the liquor which should deposit it contains an excess of hydrosulphuric acid, easily recognisable by the smell. Chemists, well aware of this fact always submit a solution, through which hydrosulphuric acid as a precipitant has been passed, to a process of heating, in order to get rid of the excess of hydrosulphuric acid. In some cases this process of heating is carried on to the extent of ebullition; in others, the liquid is merely put to stand in a warm place for the space of a few hours. Practice and extended knowledge of the nature of the bodies operated upon can alone determine which process is the better of the two: in the case now under consider In order to effect the conversion of protochloride into perchlo-ation, the process of continuous gentle heating should be adopted. ride of tin, take about half a wineglassful of the solution, add to it about a teaspoonful (not measured in a teaspoon, however) of strong nitric acid; pour the mixture into an evaporating-dish or Florence flask, and boil; continue the boiling operation until all the liquid has been expelled by evaporation, and your protochloride will have become converted into the perchloride of tin. Fig. No. 1. In conducting this evaporation, as well as all others which result in the liberation of corrosive vapours, care must be taken to make some provision for their escape. In laboratories special contrivances are adopted; but private operators cannot do better than to conduct such evaporations under an open chimney. As regards our present evaporation, it may be advantageously conducted by placing the Florence flask in a bed of hot sand: for the purpose of holding the latter, an iron ladle or fryingpan, as depicted in fig. No. 1, may be used. Having evaporated all the liquid, and allowed the flask, ladle, sand, and all to cool, add water to the result and dissolve it out. Pour now a little into a test-glass, wine-glass, or any other convenient vessel, and try the effect of testing with hydrosulphuric acid and hydrosulphate of ammonia. If the conversion of protochloride into perchloride has been complete, you will obtain a yellow precipitate; if incomplete, the precipitate will be more or less black in direct proportion to the amount of protochloride still remaining untouched. Separation of Tin from Antimony.-We have already seen that tin and antimony admit of being separated from all the metals which have hitherto come under our notice by the agency of nitric acid; which converts tin and antimony into insoluble oxides, the other metals being dissolved. I shall now describe one of several methods which might be adopted for effecting the separation of these two metals. In the first place, the two insoluble oxides must be rendered soluble, which is accomplished by fusing them with carbonate of soda or potash. The process of rendering bodies soluble by fusion with alkalis, or their carbonates, will come fully under our notice when we arrive at the chemical examination of silica or flint. On the present occasion I shall not detail the process, being convinced that the descriptions involved would be rather too difficult for performance. Instead, therefore, of assuming that you are endeavouring to separate tin and antimony from each other, both existing in the condition of oxide, let us assume the problem to be the separation of tin from antimony, both existing in the metallic state. The first step in this operation will consist in obtaining both metals dissolved; and hydrochloric or muriatic acid (spirit of salt) is the best of all solvents that can be employed. Prepare, therefore, an alloy of antimony and tin, by fusing the two metals together in an iron spoon or the bowl of a tobacco-pipe. When prepared, break it into small fragments and throw the latter into a Florence flask. Pour hydrochloric acid into the flask, and apply heat, by which treatment the two metals will be caused to dissolve. Inasmuch as the treatment about to be adopted necessitates the existence of tin as a peroxide, it is well to add, towards the end of the operation, a little nitric acid. Divide the liquid result into two portions. Separation of the Antimony.-If into one portion of the liquid thus prepared and containing an excess of hydrochloric acid (that is essential) a piece of pure tin be immersed, and the whole warmed on a sand-bath, the antimony contained in the solution is thrown down in the form of a black powder, tin being dissolved from the bar to supply its place. By this simple method we obtain all the antimony originally present; and were our analysis quantitative, we might learn the exact amount of the antimony by collecting, drying, and finally weighing it. Separation of the Tin.-If into the other portion of the liquid a piece of zinc be immersed, with the same precautions before observed as regards acidity and temperature, the whole of the contained tin will be precipitated in the state of fine powder, but perfectly metallic. Were we engaged in performing a quantitative analysis, it is evident we could ascertain the exact amount of tin by collecting, washing, drying, and weighing the result. We must not discard the metal tin without taking some cognisance of In this case of incomplete conversion you will have to add a its peculiar effect on glass, which it renders white and opaque. mixture of nitric and muriatic acid, and repeat the evaporative For this purpose, powder a little flint glass; mix it with a little operation. borax, in order to increase its fusibility, and dipping the looped General Remarks concerning the Formation of Sulphurets by Hy-platinum wire, previously rendered adhesive by moisture, into it, drosulphuric Acid Gas and Hydrosulphate of Ammonia.-Remem- take up a portion and fuse it into a bead. This bead you will find bering the general rule, that whenever it is merely desired to test to be beautifully transparent; but if you now moisten the bead the presence of a metal by the agency of hydrosulphuric acid, this again, and attach to it a little oxide of tin (produced by the action test may be employed in the state of aqueous solution--but that, of nitric acid on tin), and fuse the whole together in the outer or whenever it is desired to separate the whole of a metal contained oxidizing portion of the blow-pipe flame, the bead becomes white, in a liquid by hydrosulphuric acid, then the test should be used enamel-like, and opaque; under certain circumstances, arsenic in the form of a gas-let me now direct your attention to a phe- produces a similar effect, but no other metal. All the milk-whit nomenon noticeable in either case; as also when hydrosulphate of glass, so frequently met with in commerce, owes its peculiar ammonia is applied. The henomes da ation is the resolrance either to the presence of arsenic or tin. 238 A sort of white fusible glass, chiefly composed of oxide of tin, and technically known as tin-glaze, is very celebrated in the history of pottery. You are perhaps aware that the ancient Greeks and Romans had no pottery similar to our own. The Samian pottery-and at a later period the Etruscan-although beautiful in many respects, was restrained as to its improvement within very narrow limits. The ware itself was red, and the utmost power of chromatic adornment was restricted to the imprinting of black. Beyond this the ornamental ceramic art of Greece and Rome did not go. § 99. VERBS COMPOUNDED WITH NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. (1) A variety of compounds is produced by the union of These follow the same general verbs with nouns and adjectives. laws which govern those produced by means of prefixes. Some of them, accordingly, are separable, as, fro and schlagen. Fehlschlagen, to miscarry ; (2) Some are inseparable; as, Froblocken, to exult; sprechen. " reißen. " statt " finden. from froh and locken. früh Auden. Now it will at once be seen that, even had the ancient Greeks and Romans pussessed enamel colours, they could not have given effect to them on a red ground. Before this chromatic ornamentation could have been adopted, one of two things must have taken place: either the use of a pottery material so pure that the resulting ware would be white throughout, or the employment of a white enamel, as an envelope to hide the imperfections of coloured clay. The first plan had been adopted by the Chinese from time immemorial; the second plan was introduced into Europe by the Arabs of Spain. This ingenious people covered inferior pottery with a glaze of oxide of tin, and on this enamelled coloured figures. The first European factory of this ware was established in Majorca; hence the material is known as Majolica ware. ornamental slabs still existing in the Alhambra-beautiful as The most when they were first made-are of Majolica ware. (3) These verbs take the augment syllable ge in the perfect curious fact remains to be told: although the Greeks and Romans were totally ignorant of the use of tin enamel, the Assyrians and participle: except vollziehen, which has vollzogen. In some cases Babylonians were so thoroughly conversant with this substance however, verbs compounded with voll, also, take the augment and its glazing properties, that they even employed it for the pur-as vollgegoffen, from vollgießen, to pour full. pose of enamelling ornamental bricks, as specimens lately brought to light attest. The This discovery renders it doubtful whether the Saracens were so much the inventors of tin-glaze as the media for handing down a process which had been followed in Babylonia and Assyria, and which perhaps had never ceased to be followed in some obscure locality. LESSONS IN GERMAN.-No. LXXX. $ 98. PREFIXES SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE. (1) The Prefixes of this class, when separable, are always under the full accent; when inseparable, the ascent falls upon the radical. Adverbs are formed from nouns by affixing the letter 8. This (2) Their effect, when separable, is, in union with radicals, to termination 8 is nothing more than the sign of the genitive sinproduce certain intransitive compounds, in which each of the gular; which case, not only of nouns, but also of adjectives, parts (prefix and radical) has its own peculiar and natural sig-participles, &c., is often made to perform the office of an adverb. Examples: nification. There are, however, some compounds of burch and um, in which, though these particles are separable, the verbs are, nevertheless, transitive. Still, it will be found, that in such cases the signification of the compound is figurative; as, umbringen, to bring about (one's death); i.e. to kill. (3) Their effect, when inseparable, is, in connection with the radicals, to form certain transitive compounds; which, for the most part, are used in a figuraive or metaphorical sense. (4) We subjoin a list of the prefixes of this class; illustrating each by a couple of examples; the first being one in which the prefix is separable; the second one in which it is inseparable, The letters is, also, sometimes affixed to adverbs ending in mal; as, vormals, formerly; damals, at the time; vielmals, many times. For numeral adverbs ending in mal, lei, &c., see the Section on Numerals (3) Here note, also, that almost all German adjectives, in the absolute form, that is, in the simple form without the terminations of declension, are employed as adverbs: thus, er rennt schnell, he runs rapidly; er handelt ehrlich, he acts honestly. $ 103. ADVERB FORMED FROM PRONOUNS. (1) These are, chiefly, ba, there; from der, die, das, this or that ; wo, where; from wer, was, who, what; her, hither, and hin, thither; from some corresponding demonstrative pronoun no longer found. (2) The pronominal adverbs in combination with other words, give rise to a number of compounds. Thus ba and wo, united with prepositions, serve often instead of the dative and accusative (neuter) of the pronouns der, wer and welcher, respectively. It will be noticed, that when the other word begins with a vowel or with the letter n, da and wo are written dar and wor; that is, that r is inserted for the sake of euphony. The following are comdounds of ba and wo: Dabei, thereby, i. e. by this or that. Dafür, therefore, i. e. for this or that. Damit, therewith, i. e. with this or that. Darin, therein, i. e. in this or that. Darunter, thereunder or among, i. e. under this or that. Darum, there about or therefore, i.e. for this or that; therefore. Daran, thereon, i. e. on this or that, Darauf, thereupon, i. e. upon this or that. Daraus, therefrom, i. e. from this or that. Davon, thereof, i. e. of this or that. Dazu, thereto, i. e. tu this or that. Dadurch, there-through or thereby, i. e. through or by this or that. Wobei, whereby, i. e. by which. i. e. about or for which; Woran, whereto, Wozu, whereto, i. e. to which. Woburch, whereby, i. e. by or through which. Daher, from there hither, i. e. Dahin, from thither (to) there, (4) We have no words in English, corresponding exactly in use and force with her and hin; and therefore, though everywhere in German their force may be felt, it cannot always be expressed by single words in translation. Hence are they often treated as expletives. $ 104. ADVERBS FORMED FROM VERBS. (1) Adverbs are formed from verbs by suffixing to the radical part the termination lid. All adverbs so formed, however, are equally employed as adjectives: thus, Glaublich (from glauben, to believe), credibly. $ 105. ADVERBS FORMED BY COMPOSITION. (2) Sometimes an adverb and a preposition are united; examples of which may be found above under the head of adverbs formed from pronouns. (3) Sometimes adverbs are formed by the union or the repetition of prepositions: as, durchaus, throughout; thoroughly; durch und durch, through and through. (4) Sometimes a noun and a pronoun joined together serve as an adverb; as, meinerseits, on my side;. rieffeits, on this side; allerdings, by all means. (5) Sometimes one adverb is formed from another by the addition of a suffix; as, rüdlings, backwards: sometimes by the union of another adverb; as, nimmermehr, nevermore. (6) Sometimes the several words composing a phrase are, by being brought into union, made to perform the office of an adverb: thus, fürwahr (for für wahr), verily; sonst (for the o solete fo ne ist, if it is not), otherwise; else. $106. COMPARISON OF ADVerbs. (1) Many adverbs, chiefly, however, those expressive of manner, are susceptible of the degrees of comparison. The forms for these are the same in adverbs as in adjectives. (2) It must be observed, however, that, when a comparison, strictly speaking, is intended, the form of the superlative produced by prefixing am (See Obs. $ 38.) should always be employed; as, er schreibt am schönsten, he writes the most beautiful (of all). (3) In like manner her and hin appear, also combined with other words. Between these two particles a distinction exists, wherever they are used, whether alone or in composition with viduals one with another, but merely to denote extreme excel(3) If, on the other hand, we purpose, not to compare indiother words, which should be well understood and always remem-lence or eminence, there are three ways in which it may probered. They are, in signification, exact opposites: her indicating motion or direction towards the speaker; bin implying motion or direction away from the speaker. The following are examples: perly be done: first, by using the simple or absolute form of the superlative; as, er grüßt freundlichft, he greets or salutes in a manner very friendly, very cordially; secondly, by employing aufs (auf+das) with the accusative, or zum (3u+dem) with the dative, of the superlative; as, aufs freundlichste, in a manner very Scrab, down hither (i. e. where Hinab, down thither, (i. e. away friendly; zum schönsten, in a manner very beautiful; lastly, by the speaker is). Herauf, up hither. Heraus, out hither. Herein, in hither; into this place. from the speaker). Hinüber, over thither. adding to the simple form of the superlative the termination ens; bestens, the best or in the best manner; höchstens, at the highest or at the most. S 107. THE PREPOSITION. (1) The prepositions in German, that is, the words employed merely to denote the relations of things, are commonly classified according to the cases with which they are construed. Some of them are construed with the genitive only; some with the dative only; some with the accusative only; and some either with the dative or accusative, according to circumstances. (2) They may also, on a different principle, be divided into two general classes: the Primitive and the Derivative. The primitive prepositions always govern either the dative or the accusative: the derivative prepositions are found, for the most part, in connection with the genitive only. CORRESPONDENCE. INDUSTRY AND CHARITY. scription, six penny stamps, which we have sent to the Rev. Mr. Curwen, of Plaistow, in Essex, who wrote the appeal on the lady's behalf, and who alone is in communication with her, is a sufficient proof that the letter and the transaction which it so simply, yet beautifully, describes, are real and not fictitious.] ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. UN INGENIERO CIVIL: Try Nesbitt's Land Surveying or old Croker.ELITERA should apply to the minister or curate of his parish. T. H. (Workington) must apply at the Herald's office; we can't assist him. A TYPO (Darlington): Yes.-ELEMENTARY (Newcastle) must look more narrowly at our later numbers. OLD SUBSCRIBER (Limehouse) will find it necessary to buy blank books for bookkeeping, cheap, as he says, and rule them himself. UN ETUDIANT FRANÇAIS (Guernsey): The sections referred to in the French were omitted as useless.-E. WHEREAT (Bristol) and J. E. S. A. : iii. of the P. E. are bound separately, and the cheapest may be had for 3s. 6d. each. "This poor widow hath cast more in, than all they who have cast into the Their kind suggestions will be kept in view.-R. M. H.: Vols. i., ti., and treasury."-Mark xii. 43. SIR,-This evening we received our weekly allowance of mental food in the shape of the POPULAR EDUCATOR, with one or two minor publications, which we use as sauce for goose and gander; or, rather, to amuse us in the evenings, after the study of the English, Latin, and other lessons, that the P. E. provides for us. Well, sir, I have said that we obtained your paper this evening, and, as is generally the case, whilst my wife is busily engaged in clearing the tea-things from the table, I take the EDUCATOR and look down the outside columns of it, so as not to lose one morsel of the knowledge which is often elicited from you by some questioning correspondent who has been kind enough to ask for the very thing I wanted. I have learnt some good precepts, some useful hints, in this manner, without (in my way of thinking) losing time. You must know, sir, that my boys attend the day-school in our village, where, amongst other things, English grammar and composition are taught. These are favourite studies with my boys; so that you will suppose I (who never knew English grammar before I studied the P. E.) am obliged to make the most of my time to keep pace with them; for I like not the idea of my boys learning that of which I (their father) know nothing. On scanning the column of Correspondence, I saw your kind-hearted appeal to us, in behalf of an unfortunate lady who is behind-hand with the P.E. I immediately proposed the following question ::-"Who will vote for the selling of the P. E. for the purpose of getting some plum-cake at Christmas?" Not a voice! "Which is the better for us, to have plum-cake or the POPULAR EDUCATOR?" EDUCATOR," cried three voices at once. Well, then, said I, a poor lady is in want of some help, so that she may be enabled to purchase the remaining numbers which she has not in her possession. I then proposed this resolution: that we make a subscription of one penny each, to send to the editor, for the benefit of this poor lady. The boys went each one for his saving-box; I think, sir, you would have smiled to see their alacrity; the penny each was placed on the table, my penny with theirs. My wife gently hinted the impracticability of sending pence, and proposed the making up of the sum to sixpence, which could go in a note; for, said she, though we have enough to do to make both ends meet, we are not unwilling to give to a good cause. She is willing, I assure you. I heard her say, not long since, she would make a half-pound of sugar serve us for a week, rather than that her husband should go without the P. E. We hope the unfortunate, but well-deserving object of your appeal will succeed in her praiseworthy exertions; and by some means be placed above the necessity of studying at such a disadvantage. She will surely thank you for your kind-hearted hint, which we hope will be met by as kind a sympathy by very many of our fellow-Christians. We would that ours was a larger sum; but, sir, we give a little and wait. If we hear from you again-as my boys are saving their money for an Easter holiday-we will raise another subscription. I beg you to look down from your learned eminence, and spare, or gently point out, the errors of your pupil, A DAILY LAbourer. who is P.S. My boys are longing to see the letter which, say they, father is writing to the editor of the POPULAR EDUCATOR. December 7th, 1853. H. GUY (Moorsley): His "Remarks on the Study of Grammar" are very well written. Let him persevere, and he will greatly improve.-J. P. (Shepwyke): We should be very glad to oblige him, but the lines he wishes to be inserted are an advertisement.-J. HALL (Hyde): See Errata, p. 164. "When two volumes of pure hydrogen gas are mixed with one volume of pure oxygen gas, and the mixture inflamed in a proper apparatus by the electric spark, the gases totally disappear, and the interior of the vessel is covered with drops of pure water, equal in weight to that of the gases consumed."-Brande's Chemistry. 5. CLARE (Ashton-under-Lyne): His remarks on the asymptotic paradox are very excellent, and we would insert them if we had room.-W. WARD (Stepney) and W. B. HUDSON (Lincoln): The questions are very old, and Received.-R. T. S. O. (Bromley) should study English before Booknot well put.-NAVIGO (Newton) will be answered.-D. JARVIS (Glasgow): keeping. E. T. B. P. (Liverpool): We have made no errors in the Map of France; for we consider the Chief Towns as those which have the largest population, and not those which are appointed so by any government whatever!!-OLD BOB (Queenshead) is too technical for us. JOHN CUNNINGHAM (Liverpool): In our lesson on the impressions of rain-drops on the surface of sandstone, we ascribed the discovery of these phenomena to Dr. Buckland. Mr. Cunningham has shown to us that it was he who first observed these impressions, and that it was he who first called Dr. Buckland's attention to them. He does us the justice to say that we robbed him of this honour" unintentionally." We are, therefore, happy in having this opportunity of correcting our error, and of giving to him the palm which he has so well deserved. together, one hour an evening, and you will get on.-J. ROBINS should study ENRICE L. FILLIPE (Stamford-street): Study Italian and English our lessons in Penmanship and English Grammar, and his difficulties will disappear. L. FERNANDEZ (Oldham) wants to know our opinion of an exceedingly bad sentence in English, and whether there be any treatises on woollen cloth and on ventriloquism!!-J. B. (Manchester): You are learning the very system that the American minister recommends, viz., Ollendorf's. JAMES RUSSELL (44, Meadowside, Dundee) very kindly offers to give in his neighbourhood, in Cassell's Arithmetic, Algebra, and Euclid, between assistance gratis to the students of the POPULAR EDUCATOR who reside the hours of 5 and 7 P.M., or 9 and 10 P.M. We feel assured that many of our readers in Dundee will most gladly avail themselves of this generous offer. MRS. SLIPSLOP (Aberfeldy): We thank her for the loan of her spectacles, they are better than ours; whether the printer's pair or ours were in fault, correction. The error has arisen thus: there are two Nahors in Genesis it is now too late to determine; but we are glad to make the necessary xi, viz., one in v. 22 and 23, and another in v. 26, 27, and 29; the one was the father of Terah, and the other his son; the former has been, by some unaccountable mistake, omitted in our table, p. 3, vol. i. E. BYRT (Shepton Mallet): Yes.-ROBERT HUMBLE (Hartlepool): The laws of the resistance of the air to falling bodies will hereafter be considered. The rule for finding the height of a tower, as usually given, is, of course, not strictly correct. Charlotte-square, Edinburgh. THE PENCIL (Paddington): We are just G. ASPINALL (Liverpool): Apply to Mr. Bell, 13, South Charlotte-street, thinking of the students of the pencil, and mean to do something soon.J. R. M. (Glasgow): See col. 1, p. 376, vol. iii.-AMATOR SCIENTIE (Dundee): We prefer Bell's system to Pitman's.-H. HALES (Southwark): We doubt much whether he would succeed in the business of making cheap apparatus and selling it himself. He had better apply to our friend Mr. J. Griffin, of Finsbury-square, and see what can be done there. ISAAC NEWTON (Sheffield): Our friend with this glorious nom de guerre has not so sustained the credit of the name as to admit of the insertion of his solution of the boy and apple question!!-W. E. WILLIAMS (Pentrebach): The lessons in English are closed for the present; as soon as possible Elocution will be taken up.-G. S. (Cupar): We know of no such book as a treatise on Greek pronunciation.-W. WALLIS (St. Ninian's): Mr. Bell did not say that his "Vocabulary of Syllabic Logograms" was to be inserted in the P. E.; you have, therefore, no right to expect them in our pages. Several correspondents have committed this error. [We hope that our readers will be as much pleased with this letter as we have been. It does much credit both to the head and the heart of the writer, as well as to those of his amiable family. We can assure the most critical of our readers that it is a genuine production, and not got up for the sake of puffing the P. E.-a thing of which we have been most unjustly accused. We have not the most remote idea of the author or of his locality; but the sub- Į „bilitu. ERRATUM. Vol. iv., p. 155, col, 1, line 10 from bottom, for insolubility read |