the second and third letters of the name Paulini being conjoined, as well as the first and second letters of the third line. The whole of the letters are rather rude ELUTORIC UTTING So. Inscribed Stone, Llanidyssilio, Pembrokeshire. Roman capitals, except the G, which is of the uncial form. They are about 4 inches in height. The meaning of the third line is doubtful. There is here no "hic jacit," so common on these monuments; and the words of the first and second lines are in the genitive case ;* and as probably MARINI was a second name of Paulinus, we might suppose the LATIO to be a nominative to the name of Clutorigus, whose burial was doubtless here recorded; but we have so repeatedly shown this formula in the genitive case, requiring the word corpus to be understood as the wanting nominative, that we might infer the same here also. The word LATIO has also no existence. Possibly it may be intended for LATEO, and to imply (notwithstanding the faulty Latinity and spelling) that the body of CLUTORIX was lying con The Rev. D. H. Haigh insists that the names terminating in I on these Welsh stones are not in the genitive case.-Journ. Kilkenny Ass., September, 1858. He has surely overlooked the word "Fili," which settles the question. cealed in the adjacent grave; or, as suggested to me by the Rev. Mr. Hingeston, the name may have been intended to be used in the first person,-I, CLUTORIX, lie here concealed (in the grave).5 Leaving this difficult word, we must notice the name of the father of the person recorded, namely PAULINUS, a name famous in the early religious history of the neigh bourhood. There is, however, but little recorded of him in the Lives of the British Saints, although the name occurs on five or six of the Welsh stones. In the first Life of St. David, (Rees, Cambro-British Saints, p. 405,) Paulinus is said to have been a disciple to a bishop at Rome. In the Latin life, however, contained in the Cotton MS. Vespasian A XIV., from which the MS. Titus D XXII. seems to have been translated and amplified, Paulinus is described as a scribe, and as " discipulum Sancti Germani episcopi, qui in insula quadam gratam Deo vitam agebat." Possibly his foreign education and insular life may have suggested the additional name MARINI. A foot note to Mr. Rees' translation adds that Paulinus, or Pawl Hen, appears to have been a North Briton, and one of the founders of the monastery of Tŷ Gwyn ar Dâf, or Whitland Abbey, Caermarthenshire. Paulinus became the master of St. David; and, subsequently, the former was afflicted with the loss of his sight, which, we are told, was restored by David, after the other scholars of Paulinus had failed. Subsequently (ibid. p. 411) we find Paulinus in his old age at the Synod of Llanddewi Brevi, speaking of St. David as a comely and virtuous young man, who was always accompanied by an angel, and who, he consequently recommended, should be called upon to assist at the synod. Some other notices of this saint will be found in Rees' Essay on the Welsh Saints, pp. 187, 188. The second of these stones is much rougher than the 5 The grammatical errors in the Latinity of many of the Welsh stones has been repeatedly noticed in the course of my articles, and will admit the suggestion almost of any amount of error. former; but the inscription itself, now for the first time. published, offers no difficulty, being as follows: EUOLENVS LITOGENI HIC IACIT There are a few palæographic peculiarities in this inscription; the second letter in the first line being a EVOLEMYS Inscribed Stone, Llanidyssilio, Pembrokeshire. U not V, and the N reversed in shape W, the U indistinct and injured, and the terminal S greatly elongated below the other letters; the word also is here in the nominative case. In the second line the F and I are conjoined, and the final I placed transversely, as is often the case. In the third line the g is of the Hiberno-British form, and the N again reversed, whilst the H at the beginning of the last line has the transverse bar very oblique; and the A in jacit (for jacet) much elongated below the other letters. With these exceptions the inscription is in Roman capitals, the letters being generally about 4 inches in height, and the stone itself 3 feet wide by 28 inches high. From the more debased form of the letters, I infer that it is somewhat more recent than the grave-stone of Clutorix. The third of the Llanidyssilio stones is now built into the south wall of the church, close to the south-west angle. It is of an oblong form, measuring 40 inches by 16 inches, and is marked near one end with a circle, Incised Stone, Llanidyssilio, Pembrokeshire. inclosing five smaller equally-sized circles, one forming the centre, and the four others arranged so that the outer spaces form a Greek cross, with dilated ends. The whole is formed of very slightly incised single lines, or the surface of the stone has been so much reduced that the incised lines, forming the pattern, are now but faintly seen, except by the slanting rays of the sun. no straight incised lines forming the stem of the cross, as in the Nevern slab. It is most probable that this was originally a sepulchral stone. There are J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A. Oxford, December, 1859. ARCH. CAMB., THIRD SERIES, VOL. VI. I Correspondence. CARDIGANSHIRE ANTIQUITIES. To the Editor of the Archæologia Cambrensis. SIR,-Referring to the evening discussion that ensued after the first excursion of our Archæological Meeting at Cardigan, and differing as I do from some of the suggestions there advanced to elucidate the detail of that day's proceedings, I beg to offer the substance of some notes I made during a pedestrian ramble in the year 1838, over nearly the same ground, if it may be considered worthy of insertion in the pages of our Journal. The predatory bands of Danes, and other sea-rovers, that, at a very early period, made descents upon the Welsh coasts to the westward along the Irish Channel, (I may say, with scarce an exception,) fixed their landing-places, and fortified their temporary defences near a stream of water of some kind. This is the case at Aberporth, Penbryn, and particularly at Llangranog. This rocky inlet is naturally a very strong position, and possesses a constant supply of fine fresh water from the little brook that occupies the gorge below Pigeonsford, (being a name probably corrupted from Pagan's-ford, in allusion to these early Danes,) and that here discharges itself into the sea. The island at the mouth of the creek at Llangranog is called Ynys Lochtyn, and the formidable post upon the lofty headland which adjoins it, is termed Pen Dinas Lochtyn, evidently a corruption of Lochlyn, or Llychlyn, i. e., the chief fort of the Dane; this position was also judiciously selected as affording the invaders, when successfully repelled by the native Celts, a ready means of retreat to their boats. I shall now offer some remarks commencing at the flat ground to the northward of Cardigan, at a place called Y Verwig, i. e., the short cove, from ber, short, the feminine of byr, and gwyg, a cove. This place is the extremity of an extensive sandy tract, reaching up to the confines of Cardigan Common, (now inclosed,) where I arrive at the Warren Bank, two miles from that town. This mound appears to be artificial, and to have been added to the original sandy base, which is of considerable elevation, and the whole has very much the appearance of a tumulus, but has, I believe, never been properly explored. It lies upon the right side of the high road going from Cardigan to Aberystwyth. Following this road, at about half a mile further on, I pass by Capel-pen-Parc, a Dissenting Chapel, and on the left hand notice a barrow, called Crûg Efa, Eve's heap, and another on the right, termed Trmpath tylwith têg, i. e., the mound of the fair family. A little beyond the third milestone you arrive at Penllech yr Ast, i. e., the chief slab, or llech, of the bitch. The large incumbent stone has been long since removed or destroyed; but there are |