the army, the regular infantry are consolidated at different periods is a fair measure of the relinto twenty-five regiments. The ranking offi-ative cost. In 1860 the Commissary-General cers in each regiment are Colonel, Lieutenant-paid for flour $6 77; in 1868 $12 72-an inColonel, and Major. We give a list of these officers. Most of them rank as Generals in the volunteer service. Not a few of these men will be recognized as having performed great and often brilliant services during the late war: Colonels:-Robert C. Buchanan, Samuel W. Crawford, George W. Getty, Franklin F. Flint, Nelson A. Miles, William B. Hazen, John Gibbon, James V. Bomford, John H. King, Henry B. Clitz, Alvan C. Gillem, Orlando B. Willcox, Philip R. de Trobriand, Charles S. Lovell, Oliver L. Shepherd, Galusha Pennypacker, Thomas L. Crittenden, Thomas H. Ruger, Charles H. Smith, George Sykes, George Stoneman,

David S. Stanley, Jefferson C. Davis, Ronald S.

M'Kenzie, Joseph A. Mower.

Lieutenant-Colonels:-Pinckney Lugenbeel, Thomas C. English, John R. Brooke, Joseph H. Potter, Alexander S. Webb, Daniel Huston, Charles C. Gilbert, John R. Edie, Luther P. Bradley, Alexander MD. M'Cook, George P. Buell, George W. Wallace, Henry A. Morrow, George A. Woodward, August V. Kautz, Robert S. Granger, Samuel B. Hayman, Emory Upton, Romeyn B. Ayres, Lewis C. Hunt, Frank Wheaton, Elwell S. Otis, George Crook, Cuvier Grover, Ed

ward W. Hinks.

crease of 88 per cent. In the various articles of
household use, such as flour, meats, vegetables,
wood, coal, clothing, and the like, the increase
at Lawrence, Massachusetts, from 1860 to 1869,
was from 36 to 166 per cent., the average being
Of the most important
a little more than 90.
item of rent Philadelphia is taken as a fair sam-
ple. Here, of 26 houses, assumed to be fair ex-
amples of those occupied by working-men, the
rents in 1860 were $382; in 1869 $882-an in-
crease of more than 130 per cent.

Mr. Wells, we think that the man who in 1860
Taking into account all the figures given by
received $15 a week would require in 1869 $25
to enjoy practically the same amount of comfort;
and to do this he must economize in the article
of rent. That is, while being as well clothed
and fed, he must have less space for a home;
for rents have increased more largely than any
other thing.

The prices paid for labor can be given only apMajors:-Martin D. Hardin, Peter T. Swaine, Richard L. Dodge, William M'E. Dye, Hugh B. Fleming, proximately. Those paid on the Treasury exJames P. Roy, William H. Lewis, John D. Wilkins, tension at Washington may be taken as a samEdwin F. Townsend, Alexander Chambers, Lyman ple. Skilled labor gained from 50 to 75 per Bissell, Henry R. Mizner, Robert S. La Motte, Matthe average being thew M. Blunt, John S. Mason, William Carlin, Rob-cent. advance; unskilled 40; ert E. A. Crofton, James Van Vorst, George A. Will-58.-Mr. Wells gives many reports from great iams, John M. Goodhue, Jos. N. G. Whistler, Alex. manufacturing establishments. In some the adJ. Dallas, Henry C. Merríam, Zenas R. Bliss.

The Secretary of the Treasury has put forth a statement of the condition of the public debt up to April 1. The result is that the nominal debt, including accrued interest, amounts to $2,636,202,455. From this is to be deducted funds in the Treasury $111,005,993, leaving the absolute debt $2,525,196,421. The apparent diminution during the month has been $2,573,039, to which should be added $2,915,320 in bonds, issued to the Pacific Railroad Companies, which form really no part of the public debt. Putting these two items together, the actual reduction of the public debt during the month amounts to $5,507,359. The Secretary adds that had the report been delayed, as formerly, for a week, the additional returns would have shown a further decrease in the debt of about $4,000,000.

Some time since Mr. David A. Wells, Special Commissioner of the Revenue, made a report in which he stated in substance that the necessary expenses of a family had increased since 1860 about 78 per cent. ; and that wages for unskilled mechanical labor had increased about 50 per cent., and for skilled labor about 60 per cent. Exception was taken to this statement, especially by Hon. William D. Kelley, in a speech delivered in the House of Representatives on the 4th of February. Mr. Kelley said that this statement was not correct; but that "the cost of the necessaries of life was not more than 50 per cent. higher than in 1860, while skilled labor is now immeasurably more fully employed at an advance of from 80 to 100 per cent. over the wages of that year."

vance in wages is small, in others larger; but the general result seems to us to be that in 1869 working-men are quite as fully employed as in 1860; and that upon the whole the condition of working people in the manufacturing districts of the United States is not less favorable than it was in 1860. In the agricultural regions we think it decidedly more favorable.

CENTRAL AMERICA.

The revolution in Mexico against President Juarez appears to have failed. The rebels under Negrete have been defeated by Alatorre, the revolutionary chief barely escaping with his life. The severest penalties have been visited upon the rebels.

In Cuba the revolution still progresses, though it has not yet been able to establish for itself a provisional seat of government. General Lesca, starting from Nuevitas, has succeeded in marching through the interior to Puerto Principe, and has raised the siege of that place. He suffered all along the march from the insurgents who opposed him in the mountain defiles and inflicted upon him severe punishment. Early in March over three hundred political prisoners were banished by the Spanish authorities to Fernando Po, an island on the western coast of Africa. Cuban revolutionists have decreed the immediate and unconditional abolition of slavery. General Dulce, the Spanish commander, on the 24th of March issued a proclamation asserting that the insurrection had already been mastered in the interior; but in order that no assistance might be rendered to it from abroad, he decreed that "The vessels that may be captured in Spanish

The

Mr. Wells, in an elaborate letter, undertakes to justify the statements made in his report, bas-waters, or on the free seas adjacent to the Island ing his justification upon an immense number of statements furnished from many parts of the country, mainly from the manufacturing regions. He assumes that the Government buys to the best advantage, and the prices which it has paid

of Cuba, with cargoes of men, arms, and munitions, or such materials as in any manner whatever may contribute to abet or encourage the insurrection in this province, irrespective of their point of departure or destination, and after ex

EUROPE.

amination of their papers and register, will be ingly confess, thoroughly healthy one. Germany considered de facto enemies to the integrity of will continue to develop her strength under the our territory, and treated as pirates, in accord-ægis of the North German Confederation, and ance with the naval ordinances. The persons German disunion, formerly the cause of so much who may be thus captured will be immediately scorn, will cease. Have confidence in the future, shot." for a disturbance of this peace is not to be thought of. I have made peace with Prussia, and as an honorable man I will keep it honestly and frankly, and therefore I can not approve of the intrigues of a party that daily preaches the separation of Saxony from the North German Confederation and the restoration of the old state of things, thus giving itself the appearance of discovering the secret and selfish aims of the Saxon Government. This party holds thoroughly mistaken opinions, and adopts a point of view vastly different from that of the Government. The restoration of the old state of things, gentlemen, is in Germany an impossibility."

In Spain the Constituent Cortes on the 3d committed to fifteen members the task of drafting a Constitution, to define the rights and liberties of citizens and submit a form of govern

by this commission grants religious liberty, but retains Roman Catholicism as the State religion. Notwithstanding the opposition of the Republicans a monarchy is to be established, and, as now appears, the Duke of Montpensier, son of Louis Philippe, will be invited to the throne. It is proposed in the draft of the law that the King shall be chosen for life, and his heir shall attain his majority at the age of eighteen. Considerable disturbance has been created in Andalusia on account of military conscription, resulting in great loss of life.

Before the British Parliament, which met in December last, was three months old, the deaths of five peers and five members of the House of Commons were recorded.-On the evening of March 1 Mr. Gladstone moved the introduction of his bill to disestablish the Irish Church, to make provision for its temporalities, and to disendow the Royal College of St. Patrick at Maynooth. He followed up his motion with a speech. The bill, he said, was intended to go into effect after January 1, 1871. A commission would be appointed for a period of ten years to guard the property of the Church. The bill would result in the abolition of the rights of bishops to the peerage. Provision was made for the clergy, who would receive life-annuities. Mr. Glad-ment. The form of the Constitution submitted stone estimated the income of the Irish Church at £700,000 per annum; its capital was £16,000,000, and the charges imposed or retained by this bill were £8,650,000, leaving a balance of between seven and eight millions at the disposal of Parliament. This surplus, he urged, must be applied to Irish purposes, and not to purposes ecclesiastical. The proposed plan was to devote it "to the relief of inevitable calamity and suffering." The bill was passed by the House on the night of March 23, by a vote of 368 to 250. -The following account has been issued of the gross public income and expenditure of Great Britain in the year ended September 30, 1868: The customs produced £22,590,000; the excise, £19,875,000; stamps, £9,250,000; taxes (land and assessed), £3,507,000; property tax, £7,281,000; Post-Office, £4,590,000; crown lands (net), £347,000, and miscellaneous, £2,867,561, making a total income of £70,307,561. The ordinary expenditure was: the interest on debt, bonds, bills, etc., £26,495,771 16s. 7d.; charges on consolidated fund, £1,860,474 13s. 9d., and supply services, £43,820,740 7s. 9d., thus making a total of £72,176,986 18s. 1d. ordinary expenditure. The expenditure for fortifications under special acts was £805,000, and the total expenditure was therefore £72,981,986 18s.

In Italy the legality of the marriage of priests has been argued in a remarkable case brought before the Court of Appeal at Naples. The advocate of the priest who was desirous of entering into the marriage state argued that celibacy was in perfect contradiction to the nature of man, to the Scriptures, and to the example of Christ, who selected for his disciples and apostles married men. These words of the advocate were received with shouts of applause and vivas, which were renewed when he went on to say that to moralize society the priests must be moralized, and this could only be accomplished by allowing their marriage. The advocate for the opposite party contended for the old state of things, and protested against any changes which would do violence to the prejudices of the multitude. What would be thought of a man who said mass in the presence of his wife and family? The AttorneyGeneral followed the advocate of the priest in a speech full of eloquence, and distinguished by the most liberal spirit. He said he would infinitely rather hold out his hand to a priest who took his wife to his house than to one who took his concubine. This speech was followed by the wildest demonstrations of applause. The court has declared that the opposition to the priest's marriage is inadmissible, and directs that the ceremony shall be proceeded with according to

The session of the North German Parliament was opened on the 4th by a pacific speech from King William.King John of Saxony made, a few days ago, a speech to the legislative body of his kingdom. Saxony is, after Prussia, the most important member of the North German Confederation, and this expression of the views of the sovereign is of importance as indicating something of the future of Germany. The king said: "You have enjoyed for two years an uninterrupted peace, and such a one as I hope may continue till the latest times. The old condition of things has made way for a new and, as I will-law.

THE

HE present Number closes the Thirty-eighth | just addressed the Indians, and accused them Volume of this Magazine, with a circula- in severe terms of robbing and murdering the tion of about ten thousand copies more than it whites; when the chief alluded to, who was had at the close of the Thirty-seventh. Many called (for short) The-Man-Who-Was-Struckpleasantries come to us from these new subscrib- By-The-Rhea (meaning a Rhea Indian), made a ers. To them we say, persevere; to the old, for- lengthy and apt reply, charging the whites with get us not. A young lady once remarked to an being the aggressors, in cheating and robbing the individual: "Your countenance to me is like the ignorant Indians, who, having no other mode of rising sun, for it always gladdens me with a redress, were obliged to take it out in killing. cheerful look." That is the mission of the He closed as follows: "You pick out poorest Drawer. A merry or cheerful countenance was man you got, and send um up here to give us always one of the things which Jeremy Taylor our goods. When agent comes here he poor; said his enemies or persecutors could not take but he get rich. After he get rich he go 'way, from him. The Drawer stands guard against and 'nother poor man come. Now there's the gloomy and forbidding, against the mourners g-r-e-a-t m-a-n-y white men, and there's some and complainers. The industrious bee does not thieves." And that, we reckon, is a fair solucomplain that there are so many poisonous flow- tion of the Indian question. ers and thorny branches in his road, but buzzes on, selecting the honey where he can find it, and passes quietly by the places where it is not. So doth the Drawer.

BISHOP BECKWITH, of Georgia, recently made a visitation to the Southwestern portion of his diocese. There being no Episcopal church in the town, the Methodist church was borrowed for an evening service. A large concourse of people assembled to welcome the Bishop. The whites filled the interior of the building; the blacks, from curiosity, flocked around the doors. The Bishop retired to the rear of the edifice for the purpose of robing, little anticipating the effect he was about to produce. Arrayed in his vestments he proceeded slowly, under the moonlight, from the rear to the front of the building. As he turned the corner a gust of wind caught the flowing episcopal lawn, and expanded it like outstretched wings. The darkeys constantly had been subjected to the terrorism of the Ku-Klux, whose members, wrapped in white sheets and other disfigurements, had alarmed their superstitious nature; therefore, on now beholding this strange apparition approaching them, clad in white, they gave a frantic yell, "Ku-Klux! KuKlux!" and took to the woods. The Bishop preserved his gravity, entered the building, and held the worship; but throughout the entire service, and amidst the most pathetic parts of his sermon, the distant yells, "Ku-Klux!" were heard re-echoing through the forest from the running negroes.

TIME was when the ornate in music was mainly heard only in the Roman Catholic Church, or in some of the more wealthy of the Episcopal. That time, however, has long passed; and in our day there may be, and is, listened to in Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, and other Protestant churches, music arranged from the best Roman masses, or from the choicest gems of the opera. This matter (and, for that matter, chacun à son goût) was very neatly hit recently by a worthy minister whose taste ran to plain song. He was accidentally officiating in an opulent congregation where the quartette choir was of the very first order. The ordinary announcement is, "Let us sing the 173d hymn;" but this outspoken, homespun old gentleman, knowing the ground on which he stood and the audience whom he addressed, said, in rotund voice, looking squarely at the people: " We will now listen to the singing of the 173d hymn!" which was done with as much "deportment" as could have been assumed by a hundred Mr. Turveydrops, with the attendant Mrs., Miss, and Master Turveys. We all understand it, talk as we may.

WE have a little anecdote of Faraday, which will be new to ninety-nine folks out of a hundred, the hundredth being he who reads the printed proceedings of the Royal Society, in one of the latest numbers of which there is a rich collection of biographical facts, chiefly derived from the correspondence and note-books of the philosopher. It appears that he and Sir Charles Lyell were sent as government commissioners to A HALF-WITTED fellow, well known in the re-watch the inquest upon those who died by the gion of Piqua, Ohio, came into the office of a explosion in the Haswell Colliery in 1844. Faragentleman of that place a few days since, and day cross-examined the witnesses very pertinentmentioned the sudden death of an old and much ly. Among other questions he asked how the esteemed citizen. On being asked the cause of rate of flow of air currents was measured? An the man's death, he answered, "Hard disease." inspector, in reply, took a pinch of gunpowder "What's that?" "Well, I don't know; he was from a box, as if it were snuff, and let it fall sittin' on his chair, and all at once he died-and through the flame of a candle. His companion, he never noticed it !" with a watch, noted the time that the smoke took to travel a certain distance. The method satisfied Faraday, but he remarked on the careless handling of the powder, and he asked where it was kept? "In a bag tightly tied." "Yes, but where do you keep the bag ?" "You are sitting on it!" quoth the callous miner. For the wellintentioned people, not being overstocked with soft chairs, had given the commissioner their best

THE manner in which General Sheridan has closed up the Indian business recalls to a Western correspondent, who was for many years connected with our Indian affairs, a good thing said by a Yancton Sioux chief at a treaty council held by General Harney in 1856, after he had thoroughly quieted the Sioux. The General had

substitute for a cushion. Faraday's agility in | erected a spacious hotel, known then and now as vacating his honored seat may be imagined; so the Sans Souci Hotel. The upper-tendom of may his expostulations, which, we are mildly in- both sides of Mason and Dixon's Line, the parformed, were animated and expressive. For the venu and the snob, the good and the bad, resortrest of the trial he sat, unlike the Ingoldsby cob-ed thither for health or amusement. Gambling bler's wife, without a cushion in his chair.

THE degree of interest that was taken by Dis-izen can not resist the temptation to laugh at the senters in the recent English elections may be inferred by a remark made by Mr. Spurgeon, who was scolding certain of his followers who declined to interfere in politics on the ground that they were "not of this world." This, he argued, was mere metaphor. "You might as well," he said, "being sheep of the Lord's, decline to eat a mutton-chop, on the plea that it would be cannibalism."

THE Holy Father must have his little hilarity, now and then, as well as we heretics. Not long ago he gave an example of it to a corporation of bakers, who asked audience of him in order to remonstrate against a new and excellent public oven, designed to supply bread to the poor at a low profit. This interference with the dishonest gains of the Roman bakers, though a great pop-up Captain Dobbs!" ular benefit, was a grievous injury in their eyes. "Holy Father," said the spokesman, "it is very hard on us; we have worked so long for the public benefit." "It is quite true, my son," replied the Pope; “it is high time you rested a little, and let other people work!" Pius rather had him there.

consin. He is a cross between a lamberman, politician, and lawyer, and was never lacking for a loophole through which to slip when ordinary men would have acknowledged themselves cornered. Bill had been called upon to defend a worthy citizen against an indictment for assault and battery upon a miserable vagabond, "contrary to the peace and dignity of the people of the State of Wisconsin." The evidence was conclusive, and Bill attempted not to justify or mitigate. There seemed no way to escape panishment; but when Bill came to address the jury he laid down this rule of law: "You can convict this defendant unless the prosecution prove the entire allegation. Proving a part will not do. We admit the assault and battery, but we deny that it was contrary to the peace and dignity of the people of the State of Wisconsin, and the prosecution has failed to show it.”

The jury so held.

Judge Hackett, it is understood, will hold this as a precedent in certain cases to come before him next term.

THE inmates of our reformatory institutions now and then get off a good thing. In one of these admirable retreats the chaplain, noted for the length of his sermons, was lately made the subject of a practical joke. The inmates is seems, had organized a band of Ethiopian Min strels, and conducted it with so mach success to insure the attendance of the entire hometom —a large audience. During one of the "rest" Sambo asked of Brother Bones, What will our chaplain preach about next Sunday?" After the usual number of failures to answer the interroge tory Sambo was solicited to expizin, waica e did by saying, “Why, Bradder Bone, te vi preach about-twenty minutes." Which be dad.

A CLERGYMAN informs us that a Washing, ton correspondent of a religious paper recently assigned to the Rev. Dr. Sa rather when pulpit. The Doctor had preached from the text, The gates of heil shail not prevail against you." The Doctor must have been named surprised, if he saw the account of the serma, “ to read in the words of the correspondent. “Dr. S then preached from the gas of bell" Probably one of those hery discourses for wach the preacher is famous.

as vim fie se sot seen MZLE F FROM the same source we learn that a dera pan of te cont2 = 2 man in New Jersey, having had diely via his vestry, was requested by the latter to rengi What must have been the surprise of the on gregation when, the next time the red pre aut news se úranie. ed, it was from a text occurring in the "Gays wape ke lia VE KURTNE for the day”—the fourth Sunday after Epronany advert vaher nut van ser "And they besought him that trang we Tu wanga wang out of their coasts." Our correspondent was sa viac he imge tex: Ad not state whether his clerical friend text se a 18 '12 sale in man coast as was desiderated by the ventry, or whethe he persisted in maintaining La Toura, raua as other Jersey rectors do when mad a mate va bended the . upon them.