formity with the treaty; From this point you will commence a course due West, observing to put up mile & half mile posts as in running the boundary Line, & to number them from the point of beginning. It will be of some importance too, that this line, though not a boundary be blazed, as it may be of use in regulating our (subdivisionary) surveys, as its true. measurement and the erection of mile posts most certainly will be of much consequence. This line must be continued till it intersects the

aforesd Meridian.

4th The other Inland boundary, as described by the treaty, is that which may be found to be in a direct line from the intersection of the aforesd Meridian & Parallel, to White Rock on Lake Huron.

In order to obtain the direct course from the aforesd point of intersection to White Rock, it will be necessary first to run from it a Random line for White Rock, or to run a straight Course in such a direction, as from estimation by any means in your power you may suppose, the S Rock bears from you. It is not probable from the present State of the geography of the country, that you can come very near the object; but where ever you may fall on the Lake, the direct course & distance from that point to White Rock must be found if not by a single course, by a traverse From these data, you will be able to calculate the true course back from White Rock to the afores point of intersection of the Meridian & Parallel. This second trial, unless great care be taken, to ascertain the true angle between the Random Line & the true boundary lying between White Rock & the point of intersection; will probably be somewhat erroneous but the boundary may be made to close exactly if in running the Random line, you take care to mark it in such a manner, as that when you are returning on the true line offsets may be made to it, as you advance to the closing point. but this exactness has not been hitherto required in running Indian Boundaries, as the boundaries must ere long be of no account. A reasonable degree of Correctness in this particular will be necessary so that the true points of White Rock & the aforesa intersection be connected, by a continued line, not deviating more than 5° 1' will be indespensable.

!

5th Whenever you shall have completed the surveys of the aforesa Boundaries; The Field Notes thereof, accompanied by a plat & discription thereof must be returned to this office for which service you will be entitled to receive of the U. States $3 pr mile, for every mile run, marked & surveyed which is the highest price allowed by Law

Sir,

MILITARY OFFICERS AT DETROIT TO SECRETARY OF WAR.1

[Smithsonian-Schoolcraft MSS.-Letter File A, under J.]

Detroit 15.th January 1808

We have this day received from His Excellency Governor Hull, a letter, of which the inclosed is an exact transc[r]ipt. We are perfectly aware, Sir, of the impropriety of military officers interfering with the ordinary political dissentions intrigues, and party disputes of the citizens of any place where they may be stationed, and that they have only to obey the orders of the President of the United States, and of the officers appointed over them but his Excellency having thought proper to call upon us, to give our support to the constituted authorities of our country, in the only way which appears to be in our power at present; without presuming to engage ourselves in the private or personal interests of his Excellency, or to decide on his legislative or executive conduct in any manner whatever, we have thought it our duty to state to you, Sir, as the chief of the Department, to which we have the honor to belong, for the information of the Department of state, if you, Sir, should deem it proper, that from such information as we have acquired by a residence of some considerable time in this Territory, we believe that there has, and does still exist a faction here composed of, perhaps, some of the subordinate officers of this Gover[n]ment, associated with some foreign subjects, men devoid of principle, and moral rectitude, who have, and do still labour with the most indefatigable industry, from the most base and sinister motives, and by the most illicit and disgraceful means, to subvert all good order and disscipline [sic], both civil and military in this Territory, and to excite commotions and ferments among the inhabitants, to the danger and injury of the United States, and the more especially, in the present crisis of affairs.-They have, by false and malicious representations to the uninformed canadians, who are, almost, intirely ignorant of our lan

1

'A. D. S. Considerable strife existed between the officers of the Civil government during Hull's administration. Secretary Stanley Griswold, 1805 to 1808, sought the overthrow of the governor with a desire to succeed him, while the governor sought, successfully, to prevent Griswold from being reappointed. Judge Woodward supported the governor in this contest and experienced the resentment of the secretary. Ex-Judge Frederick Bates writes from St. Louis to Woodward, Feb. 23, 1808. "It has given me much pain to see in public prints the absurd accusation made by the malcontents of Michigan against Governor Hull and yourself." Woodward's letters to Bates give a lively account of the dispute. Mich. Pion. & Hist. Coll. VIII, 561; XII, 506, 509, 510. For a later period of strife in which Judge Woodward set himself against the governor, see below. Papers relative to the controversy between Gov. Hull and Judge Woodward. (J. Sharpless Fox, Editor.)

2Missing. (J. S. F.)

guage and laws, brought the publick functi [onaries], and law [s] [into disrepute?], and by false and scurrilous publications in the news-papers, and petitions, to which the signatures of vagrants, and transient persons of every nation and description, who have no interest in, or attachment to the United States, have been improperly obtained, as well as the names of the French inhabitants, by misrepresentations, they have endeavored to destroy the confidence of the general gover [n]ment in that of this Territory. From the commotion and dissatisfaction we have observed to exist among the inhabitants, for some short time past, to an alarming degree, and the application of his Excellency the Governor, we have taken the liberty to make this concise and general statement. We hope, Sir, that we have not aberrated from the line of our duty in so doing, and have the honor to be, respectfully,

"Paper burned, words supplied. (J. S. F.)

A. L. S. Entered service 1 Lieut. Artillerists and Engineers 19 Dec. 1796; Arts. 1 Apr. 1802; Captain 15 Sept. 1804; 1 Art. 12 Mar. 1812; transferred to Corps Art. 12 May 1814. Captain Dyson remained at Detroit until after Hull's surrender, taking part in the battle of Monguagon. He commanded the fort at Alexandria, guarding the approaches to Washington in 1814 but abandoned it at the approach of the British Aug. 27, 1814. For this he was court martialed and dismissed. A. S. P. Milit. Affs. I., 588-591. (J. S. F.)

"Henry B. Brevoort of New York, 2 Lieut. 3rd Inf. 16 Feb. 1801; retained as Ensign 2 Inf., 7 Aug. 1802; 2 Lieut. 1 July, 1802; 1 Lieut. 80 Nov. 1805; Captain 1 May, 1811; Major 45 Inf. 15 Apr., 1814; honorably discharged June 15, 1815. Commanded the marines on board the Niagara under Commodore Perry in the battle of Lake Erie. Resided at Detroit till 1821 when he became Indian agent at Green Bay, succeeding John Biddle. (J. S. F.)

"Daniel Baker entered the army as Ensign 16 Inf. in 1799 becoming 1 Lieut. 11 Aug. 1806; Capt. 12 Mar. 1812; Maj. 45 Inf. 15 Apr. 1814; retained 17 May 1815 as Capt. 8 Inf. with brevet rank of major; transferred to 3 Inf. 2 Dec. 1815; Maj. 7 Inf. 1 June 1819; transferred to 3 Inf. 1 June, 1821; Lt. Col. 6 Inf. 1 May, 1829; He was brevetted major for distinguished service in the battle of Brownstown. Died in Detroit Oct. 30, 1836. (J. S. F.)

"Porter Hanks of Mass. entered army as 2 Lieut. Artillery 17 Jan. 1805; 1 Lieut. 31 Dec. 1806. He commanded the garrison at Mackinac and was forced to surrender the post July 17, 1812. Retiring to Detroit he was killed by a chance artillery shot Aug. 16, 1812. (J. S. F.) *A court martial was being held over his surrender of Mackinac at the time of the accident.-C. M. Burton.

1

WM. HULL TO THE CHIEFS OF THE CHIPPEWA NATION.

[Smithsonian-Schoolcraft Papers-Letter File A, under J.]

To the Chiefs of the Chipawa"

Nation at Saguina

My Children

Detroit 11th. Octobr. 1808

I send, by your Friend, the Blacksmith a flag, as a present from your great Father the P. of the U. S.

You will erect it, at such place, as will be most agreeable to youWhen you see it displayed, it will remind you of his friendship, and strengthen your attachment to the U. S.

Your Father has now, at a great expense furnished you with two Blacksmiths to work for you-They are furnished with Iron, Steel, and other things necessary, to work for your convenience-Mr. Handerson [inquiry] is the principal-you must be kind to him and his family. If you should not, and should suffer any injury, to be done them, by any person, he will be removed from you, and no person sent in his place

I am informed a white man has come to trade with you, with whisky etc. without my permission, and is endeavoring to purchase your lands, and injure you-I have ordered him to be removed-You must give no encouragement to him-Any good Traders, you want, shall be sent to you-None however must live with you, without my permission-I have sent Mr. Riley,' one of your Nation to trade with you-He speaks your language, and, I believe he will be usefull [sic] to you

You must preserve peace and harmony in your Village-May the great Spirit protect you

With fatherly concern for your

wellfare [sic], I am your friend etc. [Indorsement]

[October 11, 1808]

Wm. Hull

Copy of a speech to the Chiefs at Saguina, sending a flag etc.—

12th Octobr.
1808.

"By the treaty of Detroit, Nov. 7, 1808, certain cessions were made by the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot and Pottawatomie tribes, "in consideration of money and goods to be paid the said nations." Payments were to be made "in money, goods, implements of husbandry or domestic animals" at the option of the respective nations. To encourage the Indians in agriculture and industry the United States agreed to send a blacksmith to reside with the Chippewas at Saginaw. (J. S. F.)

'One of the Riley brothers, James, Peter and John, sons of Judge Riley of Schenectady, who had established a trading post at Saginaw, and married an Indian wife. The Rileys were ardent Americans and by their knowledge of the Indian languages and character rendered valuable service in the Indian department. See Witherell's Reminiscences in Wis. Hist. Colls. III., 323-325. (J. S. F.)

BILL RENDERED BY ADAM BROWN.

[Smithsonian-Schoolcraft Fapers-1808-File Case A, under C.]

[Nov. 14, 1808]

1808. Dr. William Hull superintendnt. of Ind". Affairs to Adam Brown-"

10

To the use of two Houses, while you held the Treaty at Browns Town.11

To Keeping your Horses and your Attendants Horses,

To fire wood, during the time

To the distruction [sic] of Pickets

Detroit 14th Nov. 1808

Reed, the above sum of William Hull for which I have signed duplicate Receipts

INVOICE, OF INDIAN GOODS, 1809, AND RECEIPT FOR SAME.

[Smithsonian-Schoolcraft Papers-1809-File Case A, under C.]

Invoice of Sundry Packages to be Delivered by George Ingels Esq. to William Linnard Esq' Mil-Agent for Transportation to the Mil' Agent at Albany and to be by him forwarded to Gov. Hull at Detroit Marked and Numbered as p'. margin.

10 Came to Detroit about 1763, furnished supplies to the British in 1793 and 1794. For a long time resided at Brownstown, and later removed to Malden. Mich. Pion. & Hist. Colls. VIII. 366; XII. 90, 153. For location of Brownstown cf. ibid. VI., 465. 466. (J. S. F.)

Nov. 25, 1808. A. S. P. Ind. Affs. I, 757. (J. S. F.)