ARIUS. Latins in a corrupt version, vii. ARMENIA, a Roman province, i. 143; ARMENIANS, schism of the, vi. 57 and ARSACES TIRANUS. note; adopt the Eutychian heresy, ARMORICA, its independence confirmed ARMS of the Roman soldiers, i. 149. and his successors, i. 153; how posted, ARNOLD of Brescia, his theological stu- ARNULPH, duke of Moravia, checks the ARPAD, king of the Hungarians, vii. ARRECHIS, duke of Benevent, pre- ARRIAN, his description of the Euxine, ARSACES TIRANUS, king of Armenia, ARSACES. of his reign, ib. note S.; his treachery, ARSENIUS, bishop, Athanasius falsely of the infant emperor John Lascaris, ARTABAN, an Armenian prince, stabs ARTABAZUS, a Persian in the service of ARTASIRES (Ardaschir), successor of ABTAVASDES appointed commander o ASIA. Asia, 343; whether defeated by Al. ARTAXERXES Succeeds Sapor in Persia, ARTEMIUS, duke of Egypt, executed at ARTEMON, followers of described, ii. ARTEMITA, residence of Chosroes II., ARTHUR, king, exploits against the ARTILLERY, Roman, i. 152. ctors Massoura, vii. 272 ; slain, 273. ARZANENE, province of, ii. 87 and ARZEMA (or Buran), queen of Persia, As, Roman, weight and value of the, v. ASAN, Bulgarian chief, excites a revolt ASBAD, the Gepid, slays Totila, v. 234 ; ASCALON, battle of, between the Cru- ASCETICS, Christian, ii. 187; in second ASCLEPIODATUS, general of Probus, il. ASCLEFIODOTUS, defeats Allectus in ASGARD, residence of Odin, 1. 377. ASIA, Roman provinces in, i. 160; pro- * ASIA MINOR. vince of, ib.; boundary of Asia and Africa, 161; revolutions of, 330; how accounted for by Montesquieu, iii. 299, note; nomadic tribes of, described, 302, note S.; seven churches of, ruined by the Turks, vii. 24. ASIA MINOR Conquered by Chosroes II., v. 393; by the Turks, vii. 168. ASIARCH, office of, ii. 205, note. ASIATIC tribute, raised by Pompey, i. 295; Plutarch's statement examined, ib. note S. ASIATICS, ignorant of the art and genius ASPACURAS, vassal of Sauromaces, made king of the Iberians by Sapor, iii. 278. ASPAR, son of Ardaburius, assists his father in reducing the usurper John, and restoring Placidia, iv. 173; goes to the assistance of count Boniface in Africa, 183; refuses the eastern empire from religious motives, 278; recommends his steward, Leo of Thrace, as emperor, 279; murdered by him, v. 3. ASPER, Turkish coin, its value, viii. 71, note and note M. ASSASSINS, or Ismaelians, account of, viii. 12 and notes; extirpated by Holagou, khan of the Mongols, ib.; histories of, ib. and note M. ASSEMBLIES of the people abolished by the Roman emperors, i. 205. ASSYRIA, Roman province of, i. 143; described, iii. 194; assumes the name of Adiabene, ib. note; canals, 195; fertility, ib. and 208, note: revenue, 196 and note; invaded by Julian, 196; conquered by the Arabian caliph Omar, vi. 293. ASTA besieged by Alaric, iv. 35. ASTARTE, name of the moon, i. 282 and note S.; image brought to Rome, ib. ASTERIUS, count, marches against the Vandals in Spain, iv. 177. ASTINGI, an illustrious Vandal race, ii. 359. ASTOLPHUS, king of the Lombards, takes Ravenna, and finally expels the exarchs, vi. 153; threatens Rome, 155; defeated by Pepin, ib. ASTROLOGY, belief of the Romans in, iv. 83; professed by the Arabian astronomers, vi 401, ATHANASIUS, ST. ASTRONOMY encouraged by the caliph Almamon and his successors, vi. 401. ASTURIANS, i. 156. ATABEKS, Turkish tribe of Syria, vii. 249. ATAULPH, the Goth, his marriage with pointed king of Italy by the testa- ATHANARIC, judge of the Visigoths, leads the Goths against Valens, iii. 285; defeated, 286; interview and treaty with Valens on the Danube, ib.; defeated by the Huns on the Dniester, 318; retires into Caucaland, ib.; reappears among the Goths, 349; visits Theodosius at Constantinople, 350; death and funeral, ib.; persecuted the Christian Goths, iv. 323. ATHANASIUS, St., acts of spiritual power, iii. 36; unable to comprehend the divinity of the Logos, 50; hatred of the Arians, 58; defended the Sabellianism of Marcellus, ib. ; deposed and banished by Constantine, 65; account of the death of Arius, ib. note; character and adventures of, 69, 877.; zeal for the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity, ib.; defective biographies of, ib. note; skill in divination, 70 and note; irregularity of his election, 71 and note; popularity, 71; resists Constantine, ib.; charges against him, 72; summoned to appear before the council of Tyre, ib.; brings Arsenius thither, whom he had been accused of murdering, ib.; interview with Constantine, 73; charged with intercepting the cornfleet, ib.; first exile to Trèves, 74; restored by Constantine II., ib.; again deposed and exiled by the council of Antioch, ib.; residence at Rome, ib. and note; acquitted by the Italian bishops, 75; summoned to Milan by Constans, ib.; acquitted by the Latin prelates at the council of Sardica, ib.; restored by Constantius on the demand of Constans, 76; interview with Constantius at Antioch, ib.; enters Alexandria in triumph, 77; arraigned in the councils of Arles and Milan, 78; seni ATHANASIUS. and arguments of his friends, 79; condemned and deposed, 80; third expulsion from Alexandria, 82; intrepid behaviour, 84; disappears for six years, ib.; sheltered by the monks of the Thebaïs, 85; various adventures, 86; invectives against Constantius, 87; restoration, 174; again expelled by Julian, 175; again retires to the desert, 176; Jovian's excessive admiration for him, 229; restored, ib.; date of his death, ib. note; assumed fifth exile, and death, 251; introduced monasticism at Rome, iv. 308; not the author of the famous creed, 335, note. ATHANASIUS, patriarch of Constantinople, secretly anathematises Andronicus the Elder, Palæologus, vii. 388; recall and second retirement, 389. ATHELSTAN subdues Cornwall, iv. 391, note. ATHENAIS, daughter of the Athenian sophist Leontius, history of, iv. 164; marries Theodosius the Younger, ib.; assumes the Christian name of Eudocia, ib. (v. Eudocia). ATHENIANS, fleet of the, ii. 146, note. ATHENS, number of citizens, i. 170, 371, note; sack of, by the Goths, 402; taken by Alaric, iv. 25; walls of, restored by Justinian, v. 80; schools of, their history, 89; professors, how paid, 91; Hadrian's library at, ib.; fatal influence of Christianity upon the schools, 92; they are suppressed by Justinian, 93; city assigned to Otho de la Roche, with the title of Grand Sire, vii. 384; succession of the Latin sovereigns of, and origin of the title of Duke, 385, note S.; conquered by the Catalans, 386; an appanage of the kings of Sicily, ib.; subject to the Accaioli, ib.; present state of, ib.; modern Greek dialect of, 387 and note. ATHOS, mount, absurd tenets of the monks of, vii. 404. ATHRAVA, name of the Persian priests in the Zendavesta, i. 337, note S. ATLAS, mount, described, i. 162 anl note. ATMEIDAN, or ancient Hippodrome of ATTILA. ATSIZ, the Carizmian, lieutenant of Malek Shah, his conquests in Syria, vii. 176. ATTACOTTI, Caledonian tribe of, accused of cannibalism, iii. 270; akin to the Scoti, ib. note S. ATTALUS, præfect of Rome, made emperor by Alaric, iv. 98; character, 99; negociations with Honorius, and insolence, ib.; ill success of his African armament, 100; betrayed by Jovius, 101; ignominiously deposed by Alaric, ib.; leads the chorus at the wedding of Adolphus, 115; ambassador between Adolphus and Jovinus, 122; abandoned by Adolphus, 123; mutilated and banished to Lipari by Honorius, ib. ATTALUS of Auvergne, adventures of, iv. 378. ATTICA ravaged by Alaric, iv. 26. ATTILA (Etzei), king of the Huns, the hero of the Nibelungen Lied, iv. 191, note S.; dictates conditions of peace to Theodosius the Younger, 193; etymology of his name, ib. note S.; his genealogy, person, and character, 194; discovers the sword of Mars, 195; puts his brother and colleague Bleda to death, ib. ; conquers Scythia and Germany, 196; his power overstated by Gibbon, 197, note S.; alliance with Genseric and invasion of the Eastern empire, 199; defeats the Romans on the Utus, 200; at Marcianopolis, ib.; in the Chersonesus, ib.; ravages Thrace and Macedonia, ib.; dictates a peace to Theodosius the Younger, 205; insulting embassies, 207 sq.; contemptuous reception of Maximin, 210; royal village and palace of Attila, 211; site, 212 and note M.; simple way of life, 213; behaviour to the Roman ambassadors, ib.; marries Escam, 214 and note M.; progress to, and residence at, the royal village, ib.; banquet, 215; sends Eslaw and Orestes to reprimand Theodosius for his attempt to assassinate him, 217; pardons the culprits and concludes an advantageous treaty, 218; insolent message to the courts of Ravenna and Constantinople, 220; declares himself the lover of the princess Honoria, 229; is refused her hand, 230; in ATTUARII. vades Gaul, 231; besieges Orleans, 232; retires to Châlons on the approach of Aëtius and Theodoric, 234; address to his troops, 235; a fatalist, ib.; defeated, 237; retires across the Rhine, 239; repeats his demand for Honoria, ib.; invades Italy, ib.; takes Aquileia, 240; ravages Lombardy, 241; site of his encampment, 245 and note; receives an embassy from Valentinian III., ib.; grants a peace on receiving the dowry of Honoria, ib.; marries Ildico, 246; death, ib.; funeral, 247. ATTUARII, Frankish tribe, subdued by Julian, iii. 110. ATYS and CYBELE, story of, allegorized of, coveted by the most illustrious AUGUSTAN history, why silent respecting the Christians, ii. 230, note M. AUGUSTI and Cæsars, relative powers, ii. 67, note M., 96. AUGUSTIN, St., a Manichæan, ii. 164, note; sentiments on persecution, iii. 423, notes; account of the prodigies performed by the relics of St. Stephen, 430; character of his work 'De Civitate Dei,' ib. note; account of the defeat of Radagaisus, iv.48; his 'City of God' occasioned by the sack of Rome by Alaric, 103; sentiments on persecution, 179 and note; death at Hippo, 182; character, ib.; library, ib.; learning and genius, 183; theological system, ib.; compared with Calvin's, ib. note; history of his relics, v. 114, note. AUGUSTULUS made emperor of the West by his father Orestes, iv. 296; compelled to resign by Odoacer, 299; his name of Romulus, 300; banished to the castle of Lucullus, in Campania, ib. AUGUSTUS, his moderation, i. 138; testament, 139; recovers the standard of Crassus, ib.; his policy pursued by Hadrian and the Antonines, 145; situation of, after the battle of Actium, 196; reforms the senate, 197; affects to resign supreme power, 198; nominated emperor, ib.; divides AUREUS. the provinces with the senate, 201; retains the military command and numerous guards at Rome, 202; also the consular and tribunician offices, ib.; is made supreme pontiff and censor, 204; but the latter under an altered title, ib. note S.; institutes the Consilium, 206, note S.; his origin and family, 208; character and policy, 209; retained the image of liberty, ib.; his fear of the army, 210; restores the ancient discipline, 211 and note; adopts Tiberius, 212; his Rationarium or Register, 295 and note W.; taxes introduced by, 298 sq.; orders sacrifices at Jerusalem, ii. 153; his moderation in the use of wine, iv. 85, note; his ostentatious modesty, vi. 194. AUGUSTUS, that title explained, i. 208; implied something divine, ib. note S. AURASIUS, mount, in Numidia, be sieged by Solomon the eunuch, v. 123. AURELIAN recommended by Claudius as his successor, ii. 8; origin and services, 9; heroic valour, ib. note ; adopted by Ulpius Crinitus, 10; successful reign, ib.; severe discipline, ib.; treaty with the Goths, 11; relinquishes Dacia to them, 12; defeats the Alemanni, 13; finally vanquishes them, 15; fortifies Rome, 16; extent of his walls, 17 and note S.; tranquillizes Gaul, 19; expedition against Zenobia, 22; defeats her, 23; besieges Palmyra, 24; treatment of the captive Zenobia, 25; puts Longinus to death, 26; suppresses the rebellion of Firmus in Egypt, ib.; triumph, 27; magnificence, 29; suppresses a sedition at Rome, 30; cruelty, 31; expedition into the East, 32; assassinated, ib.; whether he persecuted the Christians, 261, note G.; his design of vineyards along the coast of Etruria, iv. 85 and note. AURENGZEBE, camp of, i. 341, note; last of the Great Moguls who retained their entire empire, viii. 66. AUREOLUS elected emperor, ii. 1; defeated and besieged at Milan, 2; attempts to negociate with Claudius, 4; executed, ib. AUREUS, value of that coin under Constantine, ii. 338, notes. |