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AUSONIUS.

AUSONIUS, tutor of Gratian, controversy as to his religion, iii. 356 and note S., iv. 110, note; promotion of, 357, note. AUTHARIS, son of Clepho, elected king of the Lombards, v. 347; recovers the greater part of Italy from the Franks and Greeks, 348; his adventurous gallantry and marriage with Theodelinda, daughter of the king of Bavaria, 353; death, ib. AUTUN stormed by the Gallic legions, ii. 19.

AUVERGNE, Gallic province, description and revolutions of, iv. 376. AUXILIARIES, how composed and employed, i. 151; ill effects of in the Roman armies, 368; barbarian, increase of, under Constantine, ii. 324. AUXIMUM, v. Osimo.

AVARS subdued by the Turks, v. 176; were a Turkish stock, ib. note S.; send an embassy to Justinian, 177; advance into Poland and Germany, ib.; embassy of the, to Justin II., 331; alliance with the Lombards, 333; defeat the Gepida, and occupy their country, 334; extend their dominion after the ruin of the Gepidæ, 376; perfidious attempt on Heraclius, 397; their alliance with the Persians and attack on Constantinople, 405; repulsed, 406; their country, Pannonia, reduced by Charlemagne, vi. 175.

AVERNUS, lake, iv. 79, note.
AVERROES, Arabian philosopher, opi-

nions of, vi. 404, note. AVERSA, town of, founded for the Nor

mans, vii. 103 and 104, note G. AVICENNA, Arabian physician, vi. 402. AVIENUS, his embassy to Attila, with Trigetius and Leo, iv. 244.

AVIGNON becomes the residence of the popes, viii. 215; Lives of the popes of, ib. note; sovereignty of, purchased from Jane queen of Naples, 216. AVITUS, the senator, embassy to Theodoric, iv. 233; made commander in Gaul by Maximus, 258; his origin and character, 259; villa, ib.; treats with the Visigoths, ib.; proclaimed emperor by the assembly of Arles, 260; fixes his residence at Rome, 263; profligacy and unpopularity, 264; deposed by count Ricimer, ib.; made bishop of Placentia, 265; death, ib.

BABYLON.

AVITUS, bishop of Vienna, his answer to Gundobald king of the Burgundians,

iv. 354.

AWSITES, Arabian tribe of, vi. 243. AXUCH, a Turkish slave, refuses to accept the confiscated fortune of Anna Comnena, vi. 119.

AXUM, kings of, iii. 84, note M.; inscription of, v. 207, note M.; residence of the Negus of Abyssinia, 208; ruins of, ib. notes. AXUMITES, v. Abyssinians. AYESHA, daughter of Abubeker and wife of Mahomet, vi. 266; chastity suspected, 267; story of her opposing her father's elevation, 270 and note S.; hatred of Ali and his family, 274 and note S.; assists the rebellion of Telha and Zobeir, ib.; courage in the Day of the Camel, 275; respect and delicacy of Ali towards her, ib, and note M.

AYOUBITES, their descent, vii. 253, note. AYUB, father of Saladin, his prudent

and determined conduct, vii. 254. AZIMUS, or Azimuntium, city of Thrace, alone holds out against the arms of Attila, iv. 206 and notes; its privilege violated by Peter, brother of the emperor Maurice, v. 381. AZYмs, furious debate concerning, between the Greek and Latin churches, vii. 280.

AZZADIN, sultan of Iconium, takes refuge at Constantinople from the Mongols, viii. 13.

Azzo, marquis of Lombardy, ancestor of the lines of Brunswick and Este, vii. 119, note.

B.

BAALBEC, or Heliopolis, vi. 315; ruins of, described, 316.

BABEC, father of Artaxerxes, i. 331, note.

BABYLAS, St., bishop of Antioch, corpse of, transferred to the grove of Daphne by Gallus, iii. 169; pompous removal of, by the Christians at the command of Julian, ib. BABYLON, that name applied to Rome by the early Christians, ii. 175; circumference of, 295, note; converted into a royal park, iii. 195; licentious ness of the women, 199, note.

BACCHANALS.

BACCHANALS at Rome, ii. 210 and 211,
note.

BACCHUS, temple of, at Alexandria, iii.

418 and note S.

BACON, distribution of, at Rome, iv. 84.
BADOERI, dukes of Venice, their illus-

trious descent, v. 341, note.
BADUARIUS, superintendent of the pa-
lace, marries Arabia daughter of Jus-
tin II., v. 341.

BETICA, province of Spain, i. 155.
BAFINA, queen of the Thuringians, be-
comes the mother of Clovis, by Chil-
deric, iv. 346.

BAGAUDE, or Gaulish peasants, de-
scribed, ii. 69; etymology of their
name, ib. note; rebellion, ib. ; quelled
by Maximian, 70; their leaders, whe-
ther Christians? ib.; sell a free pas-
sage over the Alps to the troops of
Honorius, iv. 55; confederations of
the, in Gaul and Spain, 252.
BAGAVAN, mount, ii. 79.
BAGDAD founded by the caliph Alman-
sor, vi. 394 and note; etymology of
the name, 395, note; site, 395 and
note S.; college at, 399; stormed
and sacked by the Mongols, viii. 13;
pyramid of ninety thousand heads
erected at, by Timour, 53.
BAHARITES, Mamaluke dynasty of the,
vii. 274 and note.

BAHRAM, or Varanes, Persian general,

birth, character, and exploits, v. 368;
defeated by the Romans, 370; in-
sulted by Hormouz, ib.; rebellion,
ib.; defeats and deposes Chosroes,
son of Hormouz, 372; usurps the
sceptre, 374; defeated by Narses on
the Zab, ib.; flight and death, ib. and
note M.

BAHREIN, district of Persia, vi. 198.
BAIAN, chagan of the Avars, his pride
and power, v. 376; perfidy, 378;
takes Sirmium, ib.; razes Singidu-
num, 379; generosity, ib.; extent of
his dominion, ib.

BAIKAL, lake, described, iii. 308 and
notes.

BAJAZET I., sultan, son and successor of
Amurath I., surnamed "Ilderim," or
"the Lightning," viii. 30; first of his
family who assumed the title of sul-
tan, ib. note S.; his conquests from
the Euphrates to the Danube, 31;
character and administration, ib.; de-
feats Sigismund king of Hungary, 32;

BALTIC SEA.

puts the French prisoners to death,
33 and note M.; his hunting and
hawking, 35; answer to the let-
ter of Timour, 50; styled kaissar of
Roum, 51; defeated by Timour at
Angora, 54; made prisoner, 55.
story of his iron cage, 56; death, 57;
testimonies as to his harsh treatment
by Timour, 58, 59; probable conclu-
sion, 59; Von Hammer's explanation,
60, note M.; civil wars of his sons,
66.
BAJAZET II., sultan, facilitates Lasca-
ris' search for Greek MSS., viii. 117,
note.

BALBATUS (v. Vabalathus).
BALBINUS elected emperor with Maxi-
mus, i. 316; character, ib. (v. Maxi-
mus).

BALBUS, Cornelius, family and rise of, i.
316, note.

BALDWIN, Count of Flanders, a leader
in the fourth crusade, vii. 290;
elected emperor of the East,
321; his government, 322; defeated
and captured by the Comans and
Bulgarians, 330; death, 331 and
note.

BALDWIN II., emperor of Constantino-
ple, vii. 339; his misfortunes and
mendicancy, 340; visits to England,
ib.; disgraceful alliance with the
Turks and Comans, 341; sale of re-
lics to St. Louis, 342; escapes to
Italy on the taking of Constantinople
by the Greeks, 346.
BALDWIN, brother of Godfrey of Bouil-
lon, his quarrel with Tancred, vii.
214 and note S.; adopted by the go-
vernor of Edessa, 215 and note S.;
seizes that city and founds a princi
pality, ib.; becomes king of Jerusa
lem, 230.

BALDWIN II., king of Jerusalem, vii.
256.

BALDWIN III., king of Jerusalem, vii.
256.

BALDWIN IV., king of Jerusalem, vii.
257.

BALTHA OGLI, admiral of Mahomet II.,
punishment of his defeat, viii. 163.
BALTI, or Balthæ, family of Alaric,
etymology of the name, iv. 24 and
note S.
BALTIC sea, i. 350, notes; subsidenc
of the, knowledge of, how acquired
by the Romans, iii. 263, nɔta

BALUZE.

BALUZE, character of his 'Lives of the
Popes of Avignon,' viii. 215, note.
BAMBYCE, a name of Hierapolis, iii.
188, note S.

BANCHOR, monastery of, iv. 309.
BAPTISK, ancient theory and practice
of, iii. 21; deathbed, how regarded
by the fathers, ib. note.
BARADEUS, James, monk, revives and
gives the name of Jacobites to the
sect of Monophysites, vi. 54.
BARBARIANS introduced into the army
by Probus, ii. 47; their mutual
dissensions fomented by Diocletian,
74; he distributes the vanquished
among the Roman provinces, 75;
conversion of the, iii. 24, iv. 322,
324; its effects, 326; imbibed
Arianism, 327; converted from that
heresy, 337; laws of the, 364 sq.;
best collection of, 366, note M.
BARBARY, derivation of the name of
that country, vi. 351, note; Moors
of, become Mahometans, 353.
BARBATIO, general, receives Gallus at
Petorio, ii. 393; marches to the
assistance of Julian in Gaul, 416;
treachery and retreat of, ib.
BARCHOCHEBAS rebels against Hadrian,
ii. 222.

BARCLAY, his 'Apology for the Quakers,'
ii. 188, note.

BARDANES assumes the purple and the
name of Philippicus, vi. 80; deposed,
80; prediction of an Asiatic prophet
to, 89.

BARDAS, uncle of Michael III., a pro-
tector of letters, vii. 39; his school
at Magnaura, 40.
BARDAS murdered by his uncle, the
emperor Michael III., vi. 197.
BARDS, Welsh, their legends neglected,

iv. 392 and note S.; protected by
the laws of queen Elizabeth, 398;
account of the, ib.
BARGUS accuses his patron Timasius,
iv. 141.

BARHAM, Or Baharam, v. Varanes.
BARI, conquest of, by the Greeks and
Latins, vii. 97; unsuccessful at-
tempts of the German emperors on,
99; besieged by Robert Guiscard,
114.

BABLAAM, Calabrian monk, attacks and

ridicules the monks of mount Athos
respecting the light of mount Thabor,
vii. 405; apostacy and flight, 406;

BASIL.

ambassador from Andronicus Palæo-
logus the Younger to pope Benedict
XII., viii. 77; his instructions, 78;
his learning and lectures on Homer,
108; connection with Petrarch, ib. ;
made a bishop in Calabria, 109.
BARMECIDES extirpated by Harun al
Rashid, vi. 405; probable motives
of that act, ib. note S.
BARONCELLI, tribune of Rome, viii.
245.

BARSUMAS, chief of the monks, votes
at the second council of Ephesus, vi.
25.
BARTHOLEMY, Peter, discovers the Holy
Lance, vii. 220; submits to a judg-
ment of God, and death, 222 and
nole M.

BARTOLUS, the civilian, a pensioner of

Charles IV., vi. 193.

BASIL I., the Macedonian, emperor of
Constantinople, v. 95; not an Arsa-
cid, ib. note S.; early history of, 96;
bodily strength, 97; associated in
the empire by Michael III., ib.;
murders Michael, ib.; wise and glo-
rious reign, 98; publishes the Basi-
lics, 99; death, ib. ; genealogy of his
dynasty, 100, note S.; his legal re-
forms, vii. 45, note S.; reduced by
Chrysocheir, the Paulician, to sue
for peace, 54; shoots three arrows
through Chrysocheir's head, ib.;
alliance with the emperor Lewis II.,

97.

BASIL II., emperor of Constantinople,
vi. 107; reduces the rebels Phocas
and Sclerus, ib.; overthrows the
Bulgarians, 108; penitence and
death, ib.; conquers the Bulgarians,
vii. 69; his horrible cruelty towards
them, ib.

BASIL, archbishop of Cæsarea, trans-
actions with Valens, iii. 252; Gib-
bon's statement respecting, corrected,
ib. note S.; account of, 365; his
pride, 366; founder of the monas-
teries of Pontus, iv. 309.

BASIL the Great, his canonical epistles,
iii. 36, note.

BASIL, the monk, founder of the Gnostic

sect of Bogomites, burnt by Alexius
Comnenus, vii. 56 and note.
BASIL, St., Calabrían monks of, viii. 108
and note.

BASIL, council of, proceedings against
pope Eugenius IV., viii. 93; city de

BASILACIUS.

scribed, ib. note; negociations of the
council with John II. Palæologus,
94; council transferred to Ferrara,
95; deposes pope Eugenius IV., 103;
dissolved, 104.

BASILACIUS, Roman general, defeated
by Alp Arslan, vii. 160.
BASILICS, code, compiled by order of
Basil I., vi. 99; account of, vii. 2,
note, 45, note S.

BASILIDIANS, a Gnostic sect, ii. 164;

declined martyrdom, ib. note.
BASILISCUS, brother of the empress
Verina, commands an armament
against the Vandals, iv. 284; lands
at Cape Bona, 285; consents to a
truce with Genseric, ib.; who destroys
his fleet, ib.; disgraceful flight, 286;
proclaimed emperor, v. 4; death, ib.
BASILIUS, Roman senator, embassy to
Alaric, iv. 92.

BASSIANUS, name of Caracalla, i. 264,
note.

BASSIANUS, name of Elagabalus, i. 278:
v. Elagabalus.

BASSIANUS made Cæsar by Constantine,
ii. 139; conspiracy and execution,
ib.
BASSORA, foundation of, under the
Arabian Caliph Omar, vi. 293; de-
scribed, 294; site of modern, ib.
note S.

BASTARNÆ, i. 380; tribes, ib. ; whether

Germans or Gauls, ib. note S.
BATAVIAN horse-guards, i. 239, note.
BATAVIANS, how punished by Valen-
tinian for losing their standard, iii.
257.

BATHS, public, at Rome, described, iv.
85.

BATNÆ, Julian's reception at, iii. 187;

etymology of the name, ib. note M.
BATOU, nephew of Octai, Khan of the
Mongols, his conquests in Asia and
Europe, viii. 14; march on Constan-
tinople, and death, 19.
BATTLE, trial by, when abolished in

France, vii. 365, note; never abro-
gated in England, ib.

BAVARIA, dukes of, abolished by Charle-
magne, vi. 174.

BAVARIANS in Pannonia and Noricum,

iv. 174; disclaim the sovereignty of
the Huns, 193; institutions of, rati-
fied by the Merovingian kings, 365.
BAYLE, refutation of St. Augustin on
persecution, iv. 180, note.

BELISARIUS.

BEARS, favourite of Valentinian I., ill
246.
BEAUSOBRE, character of his 'Histoire
Critique du Manichéisme,' vi. 2,
note.

BECKET, Thomas, constancy of, ii. 250,
note.

BEDER, battle of, between Mahomet
and the Koreishites, vi. 248.
BEDOWEENS, manners of the, vi. 198. '
BELA, a Hungarian prince, betrothed to
a daughter of Manuel Comnenus, vi.
122.

BELA IV., king of Hungary, defeated
by Batou and the Mongols, viii. 14;
flight, 15.

BELENUS, tutelary deity of Aquileia,
i. 320; thanked by the senate, ib. note.
BELFRY, modern, whence derived, vii.
212, note.

BELGE, i. 157.

BELGIC GAUL, province, i. 156.
BELGRADE built on the ruins of Singi-
dunum, v. 379.

BELISARIUS, his birth, education, and
services, v. 99; 'Life,' by Lord
Mahon, ib. note S.; Von Hammer's
etymology of his name, 100, note S.;
chosen general for the African war,
101; his guards, ib. ; firm discipline,
103 and 106; navigation to Africa,
104; lands at Caput Vada, 105 and
note; project of landing at Carthage,
106 and note S.; advances to Grasse,
107; defeats Gelimer, 109; enters
Carthage, ib.; his fleet anchors in the
bay of Tunis, 110; he restores the
fortifications of Carthage, 111; second
defeat of Gelimer, 113; advances to
Hippo Regius, 114; completes the
conquest of Africa, ib. ; hasty return
to Constantinople, 118; his triumph,
the first celebrated in that city and
by a private general, ib.; consulship,
119; intrusts the command of Africa
to the eunuch Solomon, 122; claims
Lilybæum from the Goths, 125; in-
vades Sicily, 129; takes Palermo by
a stratagem, ib.; enters Syracuse in
triumph, 130; suppresses a rebellion
at Carthage with 100 guards, ib. and
note M.; invades Italy, 132; takes
Naples, 133; his humanity, 184;
enters Rome, 136; date, ib. notes;
narrow escape from the Goths, 137;
defence of Rome against, 138; re-
stores the walls, 139; repulses a

BELISARIUS.

general assault, 141; his vigilance
and precautions, 142; uxoriousness,
144; letter to Justinian, 145; re-
Peives reinforcements, ib.; haughty
reception of the Gothic ambassadors,
146; grants a truce, ib.; recovers
many Italian cities, ib.; compels
Vitiges to raise the siege of Rome,
147; and of Rimini, 148; arbitrary
execution of Constantine, governor of
Spoleto, 149; firmness during the
defection of Narses, 150; takes Ur-
bino, ib.; reduces Osimo, 153; lays
siege to Ravenna, ib.; evades the
imprudent treaty sent by Justinian
to Vitiges, 154; takes Ravenna by
stratagem, ib.; refuses the kingdom
of Italy, 155; recalled by Justinian,
ib.; his greatness, popularity, and
virtues, 156; duped by his wife
Antonina, 158; recalls her lover
Theodosius, 159; persuaded by Pho-
tius to punish her, ib. ; compelled by
Theodora to pardon her, 160; second
Persian campaign, 161; disgraced,
ib.; pardon and mean submission,
ib.; accepts the Italian command,
162; account of his Persian cam-
paigns, 191; reception of the Persian
ambassadors, 192; hastens the retreat
of Chosroes, 193; recalled to the Ita-
lian war, ib.; lands at Ravenna, 218;
letter to Justinian, 219; returns to
Dyrrachium for reinforcements, ib.;
sails to the Tiber, 221; forces the
barriers of Totila, ib. ; the misconduct
of his officers obliges him to retreat,
ib.; dissuades Totila from destroying
Rome, 223; recaptures Rome, and
holds it against Totila, 224; campaign
in southern Italy and flight to Sicily,
225; final recall, ib.; made general
of the east and count of the domes-
tics, 226; defends Constantinople
from the Bulgarians, 244; accused
of conspiring against Justinian, 246;
disgrace, restoration, and death, ib.;
fortune confiscated, ib.; his beggary
an idle fable, ib.; Lord Mahon's
opinion on that point examined, 247,
note S.; Le Beau's and Finlay's
theories respecting the origin of the
story, ib.; his reputed statue, ib.
BELLS, use of, when introduced, vi. 304
and note S.

BELLONA, temple of, at Comana in
Pontus, vii, 51.

BERTEZENA.

BELUS, tower of, at Babylon, vi. 295,

notes.
BENDER, i. 142.

BENEDICT XI., pope, his curse of
Anagni, viii. 215.

BENEDICT XII., pope, embassy of An-
dronicus the Younger to, viii. 77;
character, 79 and note.

BENEDICT XIII., pope, viii. 254; de-
posed by the council of Constance,
256.

BENEFICE, primitive name of a feudal
possession, iv. 373; tenure of, ib.
and note M.
BENEVENTO, battle of, between Main-
froy, king of the two Sicilies, and
Charles of Anjou, vii. 376.
BENEVENTUM, dukes of, their domi-
nions, v. 349; escapes the yoke of
Charlemagne, vi. 174; siege of, by
the Saracens, and heroic devotion of
a citizen, vii. 100.

BENJAMIN, patriarch of the Copts, his
interview with Amrou, vi. 333.
BENJAMIN of Tudela, his description of
the riches of Constantinople, vii. 13.
BENTIVOGLIO, character as an historian,
iii. 10, note.

BERAN-BIRIG (Marlborough), battle of,
between the Britons and Saxons, iv.
391 and note.

BERBERS, Barbars, or Barbarians, ac-
count of that appellation, vi. 351 and
note; properly applicable to the
Moors, ib.

BERENICE, her age when dismissed by
Titus, vii. 23, note.
BERENICE, or Myos Hormos, i. 413,
note M.

BERNARD, St., does not mention his
own miracles, ii. 180, note; dissuades
the persecution of the Jews, vii. 192
note, and note M.; character and
mission, 247; convents founded by,
ib.; proclaims the second crusade,
248; declines the command, ib.; ob-
ject of his journey to Germany, ib.
note M.; his character of the Romans,
viii. 194; exhortations against Arnold
of Brescia, 196.

BERNIER, description of Aurengzebe's
camp, i. 341, note.
BERCEA, or Aleppo, Julian's reception
at, iii. 183; anecdote of a Christian
father and his apostate son, ib.
BERTEZENA (Bertè-Scheno), first leader
of the Turks, v. 173; was proper y

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