CAMEL, Arabian, described, vi. 199; day of the, victory of Ali over the rebels Telka and Zobeir so called, 275.
CAMELOPARDALIS, or giraffe, i. 231, note; Gibbon corrected, 232, note M. CAMISARDS of Languedoc, compared with the African Circumcellions, iii.
CAMP, Roman, i. 152.
CAMPAGNA of Rome, reduced to a wilderness, v. 356.
CAMPANIA, i. 157; desolation of, from the imperial policy, ii. 336. CAMPANIA, or Champagne, iv. 235, note. CAMPHIRE, its use and cultivation in the East, vi. 295 and note.
CAMUS, a liquor in use among the Huns, distilled from barley, iv. 211. CANADA, compared with ancient Germany, i. 351.
CANDIA, modern name of Crete, whence derived, vi. 408 (v. Crete). CANDIDIANUS put to death by Licinius,
CANINIAN law on manumissions, ii. 37, note.
CANNIBALISM of the Crusaders, vii. 211. CANNON, enormous one procured by
Mahomet II. for the siege of Constantinople, viii. 152; bursts, 160. CANOES, Russian, described, vii. 86. CANTABRIANS, i. 156. CANTACUZENE, JOHN, character of his History, vii. 390; assists the younger Andronicus in his rebellion against his grandfather, 391 and 392, note M.; his character, 396; opulence, ib.; regent in the minority of John Palæologus, 397; attacks upon his regency, ib.; declared a public enemy, 398; assumes the purple at Demotica, ib.; flight and reception by the Cral or despot of the Servians, 399; civil war, ib. ; alliance with the Turks, 400; admitted into Constantinople by Facciolati, great duke, 401 coronation, 402; reign, ib.; associates his son Matthew, 403; abdication and retirement to a convent, 404; war with the Genoese and destruction of his fleet, 409; alliance with the Venetians, 410; naval defeat, 411; humiliating treaty with the Genoese, ib.; his friendship and alliance with Amir, Turkish prince of Ionia, viii, 25; marries his
daughter to Orchan, Turkish prince of Bithynia, 26; negociations with pope Clement VI., at Avignon, viii. 79. Cantacuzene, MATTHEW, associated in the empire by his father, John, vii. 403.
CANTELORIUS, his treatise De Præfecto Urbis,' ii. 313, note. CANTEMIR, character of his history of the Ottoman empire, viii. 22, note. CAPELIANUS, defeats the Gordians, i. 315.
CAPICULI, or troops of the Porte, viii. 155 and note.
CAPITA, assessment by, erroneously referred by Gibbon to persons, ii. 338, note S.; meant pieces of land, ib. and 341, note S. CAPITATION-TAX under Constantine, ii. 337; Gibbon's error respecting, corrected, ib. note S.; two meanings of, explained, ib.; how levied in Gaul, 338.
CAPITO, ATEIUS, his voluminous legal works, v. 275; nature of his legal tenets, 278; founder of a legal sect, 279.
CAPITOL of Rome, destruction of, ii. 237, note; new, dedicated by Domitian, ib.; roof of described, iv. 256, note; first gilded by Catulus, ib.; becomes the residence of the civil magistrate, 289, note; described, viii. 200 and note S.; absurd description of, by a writer of the middle ages, viii. 285.
CAPITOLINE games, when instituted, viii. 226, note.
CAPIZUCCHI, Italian family, viii. 220. CAPPADOCIA, kingdom of, i. 160; large estates of Constantine and his successors in, ii. 329; excellent breed of horses in, 330 and note. CAPRARIA, isle of, munks or solitaries at, iv. 18. CAPUA, i. 157.
CAPUT VADA, near Carthage, landing of Belisarius at, v. 105 and note. Caracalla, discord with Geta, i. 264; date of his elevation, 265, note; ambition and impiety, 266; accession jointly with Geta, 267; their jealousy, ib.; scheme to divide the empire, 268; murders Geta, ib.; remorse, 269; cruelty, 270; directs the massacre at Alexandria, 272;
murdered, 274; emulated Alexander, ib.; edict making all freemen of the empire Roman citizens, 293; whether genuine, 302, note S.; his nurse a Christian, ii. 257.
CARACALLUS, for CARACALLA, i. 264, note S.
CABACORUM, or HOLIN, residence of the
Mongol Khans, viii. 17 and note. CARACTACUS, i. 140.
CARAUSIUS, revolt of, in Britain, ii. 70; extraction, ib. notes; assumes the purple, 71; duration of his reign, ib. and note S.; naval power, ib.; ac- knowledged emperor by Diocletian, 72; murdered by Allectus, ib. CARAVANS, Sogdian, route of, to and from China, v. 59.
CARBEAS, the Paulician, and com- mander of the guards, revolt of, vii. 53; alliance with the Saracens, ib.; fortifies Tephrice, ib.; defeats the emperor Michael, ib.
CARDINAL, origin and progress of that
title, vi. 181; college of, obtains the right of electing to the papal chair, viii. 211; how composed, ib. and note; conclave instituted, 212. CARDUCHIANS implore Trajan's pro- tection, i. 143.
CARDUENE ceded to the Romans, ii. 87. CARINUS, son of Carus, intrusted with
the government of the West, ii. 53; emperor, 56; vices, ib.; defeated by Diocletian, 63; assassinated, ib. CARIZME Conquered by the Saracens, vi. 300.
CARIZMIANS, invade Syria, and take
and sack Jerusalem, vii. 271. CARLOMAN, king of Hungary, his treaty with Godfrey of Bouillon, vii. 202. CARLOVINGIAN dynasty, establishment of in France, vi. 156. CARMATH, an Arabian preacher, founds the sect of the Carmathians, vi. 417 and note S.; their military exploits,
CARMELITES, derived from the prophet Elijah, iv. 306, note.
CARNUNTUM, ruins of, i. 249, note S. CAROCIUM, or standard of the Lom- bards, vi. 188.
CARPILIO, son of Aëtius, educated in the camp of Attila, iv. 223. CARRAGO, or fortification of a Gothic camp, iii. 328 and note. CARRHE,Temple of the Moon at, i. 274;
CATALAUNIAN PLAINS.
(Haran) ancient residence of Abra- ham, iii. 188, note. CARTHAGE, i. 161, 186; bishopric of, purchased by Lucilla for Majorinus, ii. 262, note; cathedral of, number of its ministers, iii. 31; conference at respecting the Donatists, iv. 179 and note; surprised by Genseric, 186; described, ib.; receives Belisarius, v. 100; despair of the Arians and triumph of the Catholics, ib. ; na- tural alteration in the neighbour- hood of, 110, note; fortifications of, restored by Belisarius, 111; synod of, restores catholicism, 115; taken by Hassan, lieutenant of Abdalmalek, vi. 350; relieved by the præfect John, ib.; recaptured and burnt, 351; its subsequent fate, ib. CARTHAGENA, rich silver mine at, i. 296.
CARTHAGINIANS, manners of described,
iv. 186; oppressed by Genseric, 187. CARUS, general of Probus, ii. 44; elec tion as emperor and character, 52; defeats the Sarmatians, 54; inter- view with the Persian ambassadors, ib.; victories and mysterious death, 55.
CASILINUM, battle of between Narses and Bucelin, v. 240.
CASPIAN and Iberian gates of Mount Caucasus, v. 87.
CASPIAN Sea, navies on, v. 366 note. CASSIAN, duke of Mesopotamia, nego tiates with the Persians, ii. 404. CASSIANS, legal sect, v. 279. CASSIODORUS, Gothic History of, i.
375; description of the Venetians, iv. 242; epistles of characterized, v. 11; account of, 19 and note S.; mi- nister of queen Amalasontha, 126. CASSIUS, AVIDIUS, revolts, i. 211, note 216, and note M.
CASTILE, origin and meaning of the name, vi. 365, note.
CASTINUS, Master-General, defeated by the Vandals in Spain, iv. 175. CASTRIOT, JOHN, father of Scanderbeg, account of, viii. 135; family of the Castriots in Naples, 139.
CATALANS, their service and war in the Greek empire, vii. 385; their origin, ib. note and note S.; their conduct in a sea-fight with the Genoese, 411 and note M.
CATALAUNIAN PLAINS, near Châlons
camp of the Alemanni at, fii. 258; (Champagne) extent of, iv. 235. CATAPAN, or governor of the Greek pro- vince of Lombardy, vii. 98. CATASTRUM, derivation and meaning of that word, ii. 337, note S. CATECHUMEN, when Constantine be- came, iii. 2; rite used in making, ib. note.
CATHAY, name of the northern empire
of China, viii. 10, note. CATHERINE, granddaughter of the emperor Baldwin II., of Courtenay, marries Charles of Valois, brother of Philip the Fair of France, vii. 346. CATHERINE, St., of Sienna, legend of, viii. 250 and note.
CATHOLIC church, doctrines how dis- criminated from Platonism, iii. 50; edict of Theodosius establishing the catholic faith, 363; progress of ido- latry in, 426; persecution of the catholics in Africa, iv. 328; catholic frauds, 334; (v.Church, Greek church, and Rome, church of.)
CATHOLICS, Roman, proofs they require of martyrdom, ii. 246, note. CATIBAH, lieutenant of the caliph Wa- lid, his conquests, vi. 300. CATTI, i. 390.
CAUCALAND, position of that country, iii. 318 and note M.
CAUCHA, or Coca, estate of Theodosius at, iii. 345 and note.
CAVA, daughter of count Julian, story of, vi. 354 and notes.
CAVALRY, Roman, under the emperors, i. 150; horses whence procured, 151; arms, ib.
CAVIAR, made from the sturgeons of the Don, vii. 407.
Cazan, Mongol khan of Persia, cha- racter, viii. 20 and note. CEAULIN, conquests in western Britain, iv. 391.
CEOROPS Conspires against Gallienus,
CEDARS, holy of mount Libanus, vi. 57 and note M.
CELESTINE, pope, condemns the heresy of Nestorius and deposes him, vi. 17.
CELTIBERIANS, i. 156.
CELTIC GAUL, province, i. 156. CELTIC language, i. 174, note; preserved in Wales and Armorica, iv. 397. CENSORS, last, i. 383, note.
CENSORSHIP revived by Decius, i. 383; impracticability of the, 384. CERAMIO, battle of between the Nor- mans and Saracens, vii. 117. CERCA, or Creca, wife of Attila, visit of Maximin the Roman ambassador to, iv. 213.
CERDIC, the Saxon, conquers Hamp- shire. iv. 390.
CEREMONIES, pagan, introduction of into the church, iii. 432; encouraged by the clergy, in order to engage the rustics, 433.
CEREMONY, progress of among the Ro- mans, ii. 304.
CERIALIS, his advice to the Gauls, iv. 344.
CERINTHUS, his doctrine of the double nature of the Messiah, vi. 7. CERRONI, tribune of Rome, viii. 245. CEUTA, v. Septem. CEYLON, v. Taprobana.
CHABORAS, river, Julian's passage of into Persia, iii. 191.
CHAIBAR, capital of the Jews of Arabia, vi. 251; Jews of transplanted to Sy- ria, 252 and note.
CHAIS, M., character of his 'Lettres his→ toriques sur les Jubilés,' viii. 218, note. CHALCEDON, taken by the Goths, i. 398; site of, ii. 289; proverb re- specting its founders, ib.; taken by Chosroes II., v. 393; council of, vi. 26; condemns Dioscorus, 28; faith and acts of, ib. and note. CHALCOCONDYLES, Laonicus, Greek his- torian, his description of Germany, viii. 86; of France, 87; of England, 88; strange account of the English- women, ib. and notes M. and S. CHALONS, battle of between Aurelian and Tetricus, ii. 19; between Jovi- nus and the Alemanni, iii. 258; be- tween the Romans and Attila, iv. 235; order of the troops, 236. CHAMAVIANS, Frankish tribe, driven by Julian beyond the Rhine, ii. 419. CHAMELEON, the, surname of Leo V. Byzantine emperor, vi. 89. CHANCELLOR, etymology of, ii. 57, note. CHANT, Gregorian, described, v. 360 and note.
CHAPELS, Pagan, number of at Rome under Gratian, iii. 408.
CHAPTERS, the Threc, famous dispute of vi 38.
CHARDIN, Sir John, his character as a
traveller, vi. 369, note. CHAREGITES, or CHAZBAJITES, Arabian tribe of, vi. 243, and note S.; rebel against Othman, 273; complaints against, ib. note S.
CHARIOT RACES, account of, iii. 123 note; Roman chariots described, iv. 78, note. CHARLEMAGNE, collected German songs,
i. 367; rustic code of, iv. 372, note; alliance with pope Adrian I., vi. 155; indulged in polygamy, ib. note; con- quers the Lombards, 156; first visit to Rome and reception by pope Adrian, 158; donation to the popes, 160; eludes his promises, ib.; forged decretals of, 161; opposes image- worship, 165; emperor of the West, 166; assemblies of, ib. note; protects pope Leo III., 168; last visit to Rome, ib.; crowned in St. Peter's by Leo, 169; canonized, ib.; sim- plicity of his dress, ib. note; cha- racter, 170; question of his incest, ib. and note M.; military renown, 171; campaigns, ib. note M.; laws, 171; first legal author of tithes, 172, and note; literary merits, ib.; inability to write, ib. and note M.; stature, ib. and note; extent of his empire, 173; subdues the Bretons, ih.; punishes the revolt of Aquitain, ib.; restores the emir of Saragossa, 174; establishes the Spanish march, ib.; Italian dominion, ib.; reduces the Saxons and unites Germany, ib.; unites Bohemia with the Germanic body, 175; reduces Pannonia, ib.; correspondence with Harun al Ra- shid, 176; his war against the Saxons defensive, ib. note M. and 177; his policy in associating his son Lewis in the empire, ib.; transactions with the Greek emperors, 179; story of his treaty of marriage with Irene, 180; reception of the ambassadors of Nice- phorus, ib.; protects the pilgrims at Jerusalem, vii. 172; presented with the keys of the Holy Sepulchre by Harun al Rashid, ib.; decorates his palace at Aix-la-Chapelle with the marbles of Ravenna and Rome, viii. 275. CHARLES MARTEL, his character, vi.
387; defeats the Saracens under Abderame, 389; expels them from
France, ib. and note S.; consigned to perdition by the French clergy, 390.
CHARLES THE FAT, re-unites the en- pire of Charlemagne, vi. 178; de- posed, ib.
CHARLES VIII. of France, buys the title of Andrew Palæologus to the em- pires of Constantinople and Trebi- zond, viii. 182, and note; assumes the purple and appellation of Angus- tus, 183.
CHARLES IV. of Germany, his weak- ness and poverty, vi. 192; expedi tion into Italy, ib.; learning, ib. note; ostentation, 193; contrasted with Augustus, 194. CHARLES V., parallel with Diocletian, ii. 98; his sack of Rome contrasted with that of Alaric, iv. 108. CHARLES OF ANJOU, subdues Naples and Sicily, vii. 376; executes Con- radin of Suabia, ib.; treaty with the Courtenays of Constantinople, 377; allies himself against the Greeks with Philip, the Latin emperor of Con- stantinople and the Venetians, ib.; Sicilian vespers, 379; defeat, mis- fortunes, and death, 380; senator of Rome, viii. 204.
CHARLES XII. of Sweden, i. 274. CHARONDAS, laws of, v. 262. CHASTITY, refinement unfavourable to, i. 362.
CHATEAUBRIAND, esteemed Constantine the founder of royalty, ii. 304, note M.
CHAWARIJ or CHARIJITES, how con- founded by Gibbon, vi. 276, note S.; tenets, ib.
CHAZARS, join the Hungarians, vii. 71; Turkish tribe of, 79 and note S. CHAZRAJITES, v. Charegites. CHEMISTRY, Science of, whether origi- nated by the Arabians, vi. 402, and note M.
CHERSON, city of, vii. 93 and note. CHERSONESUS, city of, confounded by Gibbon with the Chersonesus Tau- rica, ii. 360, note M.
CHERSONESUS TAURICA, i. 395. CHERSONESUS, Thracian, Romans de- feated in by Attila, iv. 200; fortified by Justinian, v. 80.
CHERSONITES, Constantine's negocia tions with the, ii. 360; Gitbon's mis
take respecting their magistrates cor- rected, ib. note M.; assist the Romans against the Goths, 361; how re- warded by Constantine, ib.; perse- cuted by Justinian II., vi. 78. CHEBUSCI, i. 390.
CHESS, with what design invented by the Indians, v. 187; introduced into Persia under the reign of Nushirvan, ib.; how altered by Timour, viii. 64, and note.
CHIAUSS, officer of the Byzantine court, vii. 19.
CHILDEBERT, great-grandson of Clovis, invades Italy, v. 347.
CHILDERIC banished and restored by the Franks, iv. 276 and note; amour with Bafina, queen of the Thurin- gians, 346; deposed by pope Zachary in favour of Pepin, vi. 156. CHILDREN, the exposing of by their parents, v. 293; made capital, 294; natural, how defined by the Roman law, 300.
CHINA, high antiquity and history of,
iii. 304, 305, note S.; wall of, 308 and note S.; invaded by the Topa, iv. 43; manufacture of silk in, v. 57 and 61, note; trade in, 58 sq.; voyages of the Chinese, 60; art of printing in, 62; invaded by the Turks, 175; ancient establishment of Christianity in, vi. 50 and notes; emperors of solicit the friendship of the Arabs, 300; manufacture of paper in, ib. note; invaded and partly conquered by Zingis Khan, viii. 7; northern and southern empires of, 10; conquered by the Mongols, 11.
CHINESE EMPIRE, extent of in the third century, ii. 80.
CHIONITES, probably Huns, ii. 408, note M.
CHIVALRY, origin and nature of, vii. 199. CHILENES, Armenian prince, family of, vi. 96.
CHLORUS, surname of Constantius, ii. 67. CHNODOMAR, leads the Germans against
Julian, ii. 416; made prisoner, 418. CHOREPISCOPI, or rural bishops, iii. 27, note.
CHOSROES king of Armenia, aids the
Romans, i. 345; assassinated, 403. CHOSRCES, Son of Tiridates, king of Ar- menia, character, ii. 369; submits to the conditions dictated by Sapor, ib. CHOSBOES NUSHIRVAN, king of Persia,
exacts from Justinian an immunity for the seven philosophers who had visited his court, v. 94; accession of, 182; date, ib. note; justice of, 183; government of, 184; love of learning, 185; sells a peace to Jus- tinian, 187; embassies of Vitiges and the Arsacides to, 188; invades Syria, 189; takes and burns Antioch, 190; further expeditions, 191; retreats before Belisarius, 193; Lazic war, 202; relinquished, 203; negociations and treaties with Justinian, 204; re- signs his claim to Colchis, or Lazica, 205; his territories and conquests, 206; conquers Yemen, 364; takes the field against the Romans and Turks, 365; besieges Dara, ib.; de- feated by the Romans at Melitene (Malathiah), 366; death, ib.; white palace of sacked by the Arabians, vi. 294; magnificence of, 295. CHOSROES II. Son of Hormouz, raised to the throne of Persia on the deposition of his father, v. 371; defeated and deposed by Bahram, 372; flies to the Romans, 373; protected by the em- peror Maurice, ib.; restored by Nar- ses, 374; reign, 375; declares war against Phocas, 390; conquers Syria, 391; Palestine, 392; Egypt and Asia Minor, 393; his tyranny and osten- tation, 394; summoned by Mahomet to acknowledge his mission, 395; re- jects the embassies of Heraclius, 396; exacts a tribute from him, 397; forms an alliance with the Avars, 405; threatens Constantinople, ib.; flies from Dastagerd on the approach of Heraclius, 410; deposed and mur- dered by his son Siroes, 412. CHOSROES, vassal of Persia, rules over
Eastern Armenia, iv. 168; obtains the western portion also, 169. CHOSROIDUCHTA, sister of Otas, ii. 80, note.
CHOZARS, or KHAZARS, Turkish tribe of, alliance with Heraclius V. 406; ac- count of, ib. note S.
CHRIST, date of his crucifixion, ii. 208, note; 233, note; miraculous image of displayed in battle by the Romans, v. 368; borne by Heraclius, 389, note; 400; sepulchre of burnt by the Persians under Chosroes II., 392; reputed statue of at Paneas in Pales tine, vi. 136; correspondence with
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