a phantana, 49; derivation of their name, ib. note; phantastic doctrine, vi. 5.
DOCLES, probable original name of Dio- cletian, ii. 64, note.
DOCLIA, birthplace of Diocletian, ii. 64, note.
DODONA, site of, v. 228 and note S. DOGE OF VENICE, institution of, vii. 290.
DOMESTICS, military of Constantine described, ii. 330.
DOMESTIC, GREAT, his office under the Byzantine emperors, vii. 20. DOMINIC, St., of the Iron Cuirass, ac- count of, vii. 187 and note. DOMINUS, title of the emperor, as- sumption of, ii. 93; its origin and progress among the Romans, iii. 130 and note.
DOMITIAN, emperor, i. 140; assassi- nated, 211; characterized, 218; per- secutes the Christians under the name of Jews, ii. 239; executes his own kinsmen, ib.; his acts rescinded, 240.
DOMITIAN, Oriental præfect, commis-
sioned to reform the administration of Gallus, ii. 390 and notes; his in- solence, 391; arrested and put to death, ib.
DOMITILLA, niece of Domitian, and wife of Flavius Clemens, banished, ii. 239; considered by the church as one of the first martyrs, ib. DONATISTS, Schism of the, iii. 44; their extravagant and uncharitable pretensions, ib.; their divisions, 45; of Africa, persecution of by Hono- rius, iv. 179; join the invader Gen- seric, 180.
DONATIVES to the Prætorians, origin, i. 242; amount, 243, note. DONATUS, Contest with Cæcilian for the see of Carthage, iii. 43. DORIA, Genoese admiral, defeats the Greek and Venetian fleets, vii. 411. DORYLÆUM, battle of, between the Crusaders and Turks, vii. 213. DOXOLOGY, differently chanted by Arians and Catholics, iii. 88; three heterodox forms, ib. note. Dragoman, officer of the Byzantine court, vii. 19.
DRAGON, visitor-general of the monks under Constantine V. so named, vi. 144.
DROGO, brother of duke William of Apulia, assassinated, vii. 108. DROMEDARY, fleetness, ii. 25, note. DROMONES, or Byzantine galley's, do- scribed, vii. 28.
DRUIDS of Gaul, i. 140; their power suppressed, 169.
DRUNGAIRE, GREAT, officer of the By- zantine fleet, vii. 20.
DRUSES, or followers of Hakem, reli- gion of, vii. 174 and note M. DUBOS, ABBÉ, remark respecting Otho, ii. 319, note; his account of the de- generacy of the Romans, viii. 186, note.
DUCAS, v. Constantine XI. DUCAT, origin of the name, viii. 94, note.
DUCENARIUS, what, ii. 262, note. DUELS Condemned by the Lombard king Liutprand, v. 355.
DUKES, title and functions of, ii. 320; of Italy, instituted by Narses, v. 241 and note.
DUMATIANS, Arabian tribe, human sa- crifices of, vi. 213.
DUNAAN, prince of the Homerites, per- secutes the Christians, v. 207; chas- tised by the Negus of Abyssinia, ib. DURA ON THE TIGRIS, account of, iii. 218 and note S.; treaty of between Jovian and Sapor, 219; 8 me- morable æra in the decline of the empire, 225.
DURAZZO, siege of by Robert Guiscard, vii. 121; battle of between the Nor- mans and Greeks, 124; city taken, 126. DYEING, art of among the ancients, v. 56 and note.
EAGLE, standard, how regarded by the Roman soldiery, i. 147 and note; 269,
note. EARTHQUAKES, violent, under Valen- tinian and Valens, iii. 293; destruc- tive one at Constantinople, iv. 201; several during the reign of Justinian, v. 251.
EAST, empire of finally established under Arcadius, iv. 136; limits, 137; form of government, ib. EASTER, disputes respecting the keep- ing of, vi. 37 and note.
EBERMOR, son-in-law of Theodatus, de- serts to the Romans, v. 132. EBIONITES, account of the, ii. 160; ety- mology of the name, ib. notes; their imperfect creed, iii. 48; their notion of the Messiah, vi. 2 and note M. ECBATANA, Summer residence of the Persian kings, i. 342.
ECCLESIASTES of Solomon, objections to its genuineness, v. 119, note; Ro- senmüller's opinion as to its date, ib. note M.
ECCLESIASTICS, Greek, subject to the civil magistrate, vii. 27. ECDICIUS, præfect of Egypt, hesitates to expel Athanasius, iii. 176; Ju- lian's letter to, ib.
ECDICIUS, son of Avitus, brave defence
of Clermont against the Visigoths, iv. 287.
ECEBOLUS, paramour of Theodora, v. 43. ECKHEL, M., his Doctrina Numo- rum,' i. 391, note G.
ECLECTUS Conspires against Commodus, i. 233.
ECLOGA, or Legal Manual of Leo the
Isaurian, account of, vii. 44, note S. ECTHESIS, of the emperor Heraclius, imposing the law of religious silence, vi. 42.
EDDA, doctrine of drunkenness, i. 366 and note; account of, 376. EDECO, lieutenant of Roderic the Goth, defeated by the Arabs, vi. 356. EDECON, father of Odoacer, ambassador from Attila to Theodosius the Younger, iv. 209; reveals to Attila the plot for his assassination, 217; further history of, 297; death, ib. EDESSA described, i. 342; its pure dia- lect, ib. note; battle of, 403; Chris- tianized, ii. 214; church of, oppressed by Julian, iii. 173; Christian school of, vi. 47; famous picture of Christ at, 137; captured by the Arabs with that city, 139; yielded to the Constantinopolitans for a large ransom, ib.; principality of founded by Baldwin, count of Flan- ders, vii. 215 and note S.; retaken by the sultan Zenghi, 250; counts of, 350.
EDIOT, Diocletian's, account of, ii. 97, notes M. and S.; of Milan, Con- stantine's famous, iii. 5; of the præ- tors, v. 265, sqq.; perpetual of Ha- drian, 267,
EDOBIC, general of the usurper Con- stantine, defeated by Constantius, iv. 121.
EDOM, Roman empire, why sc called by the Jews, ii. 223 note. EDRISITES, Saracen dynasty of, vi. 420, 421, note.
EDWARD I. of England, expedition to the Holy Land, and attempted assas- sination, vii. 275 and notes M. EGBERT, Anglo-Saxon king, his corro spondence with Charlemagne, vi. 176, note. EGINHARD, his marriage with Imma, daughter of Charlemagne, vi. 170, note.
EGREGIUS, title of, ii. 305, note. EGYPT, province described, i. 161; po- pulation, 187, note; revenue, 296; works of Probus in, ii. 51; Chris- tianity rare in before the conver- sion of Constantine, 210; Augustal præfect of, 314; kings of also priests, iii. 27 note; multitude of monks in, iv. 308; early civilization and extraordinary fertility, v. 55; chronology of, ib. and note M.; con- quered by Chosroes II., 393; invaded by the Saracens under Amrou, vi. 329; Amrou's description of, 340; ancient population, 341 and note S.; revenue, ib.; modern population, 342; conquered by Shiracouh, emir of the Turkish sultan Noureddin, vii. 253.
EGYPTIAN worship prohibited at Rome, i. 169.
EGYPTIANS, how regarded by the Romans, i. 175; their character, ii. 76; their secrecy proof against tor- ture, iii. 85.
ELAGABALUS, names and genealogy, i. 278 and notes S.; high priest of the Sun, ib.; assumes the name of An- toninus, ib.; unwonted bravery, 279; declared emperor, ib.; letter to the senate, 280; picture, ib.; etymology of his name, ib. note, and 281 note S.; superstition, 281; introduces the worship of the Sun at Rome, ib.; profligacy and effeminacy, 282; at- tempts to degrade Al. Severus, 284; murdered by the Prætorians, ib.; chronology, 284, note, and 285, note G.; caused his mother to sign the acts of the senate, 286; first man who used silk garments, v, 58,
ELEANORA. ELEANORA, wife of Edward I., devotion of, vii. 275, note M. ELECTORS of Germany, vi. 191. ELEPHANTINE, annual sacrifice at, ii. 77; abolished by Theodosius, ib. note M.
ELEPHANT, era of the, vi. 217. ELEPHANTS, use of by the Romans, i. 250 and note M.; numbers of in the wars of eastern princes, 344, note; why exhibited in the circus during the Punic war, ii. 59.
ELEUSINIAN mysteries, Julian initiated in, iii. 142; tolerated by Valentinian I., 249; extinguished by the invasion of the Goths, ib. note S.
ELEUSIS, destroyed by Alaric, iv. 27. ELIJAHS of Mosul, Nestorian sect of the, vi. 51.
ELIXIR of health, search of the Ara-
bians after, vi. 403. ELOQUENCE, effects of, iii. 37. ELLAC, son of Attila, slain in the battle of the Netad, iv. 248. EMBROIDERY, use of on the dresses of
the later Romans, iv. 78 and note. EMESA, worship of the sun at, i. 280; battle of between Aurelian and Zeno- bia, ii. 23; city described, vi. 215. EMIGRATION of the ancient Germans, its causes and nature, i. 358. EMIR of Saragossa implores the pro- tection of Charlemagne, vi. 173. EMIRS, Arabian, dignity and succession of, vi. 204.
EMIR AL OMRA, or Alumara, creation
of that office, vi. 423, note, and note S. EMPERORS, Roman, way of living, i. 206; how elected, 211; successors how appointed, 212; extremes in the characters of, 217; three, 265; their conduct towards the Christians examined, ii. 230; exercised supreme jurisdiction over the church, iii. 26; distinction of their spiritual and tem- poral powers, ib.; superiority exacted by the bishops, ib. ; first seven Chris- tian assumed the office of Pontifex Maximus, 99 and 408; public haran- gues of, 132 and note; meaning of the words 'legibus solutus' as applied to, v. 269 and note S.; legislative power of, 269 and 270, note S.; re- scripts of, 270; subscribed in purple ink, 271; of Constantinople, their pomp and luxury, vii. 14; adoration
of, 20; of the West, French and Ger- man, ceremony of their coronation at Rome, viii. 187; jurisdiction in that city, 188.
EMPIRE, Roman, auction of the, i. 244 ; treaty of Dura, a memorable æra in the decline of the, iii. 225; how distributed between Theodosius, Maximus, and Valentinian II., 362; the decay of military discipline under Theodosius and disuse of armour an immediate cause of its downfall, 405; how divided between Arcadius and Honorius, iv. 1, sq.; extinction of the Western Empire, 299; date of that event, 300, note; decay of Roman spirit, 301; picture of at the fall of the Western Empire, 401; observations on that event, 402, sqq.; regular force of under Justinian, v. 164.
EMPIRE, Western, revival of under Charlemagne, vi. 168; extent of, 173; made hereditary by Charle- magne, 177; divided among the sons of Lewis the Pious, 178; anarchy of between the deposition of Lewis the Fat and accession of Otho, ib. EMPIRE, Greek, its military force com- pared with that of the Saracens and Franks, vii. 27; its navy, 28; sol- diers of, their arms and tactics, 30; subjects of claimed the name of Romans, 38; literature of, 39; decay of taste and original genius, 42; want of national emulation, 43; account of the sources of the Byzantine law, 44, note S.; partition of between the French and Venetians, 320, 322; fall of, viii. 172. ENGLAND, description of by Chalcocon- dyles the Greek historian, viii. 88; as one of the five great nations votes by its deputies in the council of Con- stance for the election of a pope, 256 and note.
ENNODIUS, panegyric of Theodoric, v. 11, note; made bishop of Pavia, ib. ENOCH, book of, vi. 225, notes. ENTERTAINMENTS, Roman described, iv. 81.
ENTRAILS, inspection of unknown to Homer's heroes, iii. 413, note; ob- served by the Greeks as early as the Persian wars, 414, note S. EPAGATHUS, mutiny of and punish- ment, i 290.
EPHESUS, temple of described, i. 401; burnt by the Goths, ib. ; first council of, vi. 18; violent scenes at, 20; second council of, 25; ruined by the Turks, viii. 24.
EPICUREANS and sceptics, denounced by Julian, iii. 150.
EPICURUS, Gibbon's mistake concerning his devotion corrected, i. 168, note S.; prevalence of his philosophy, 197; bequeathed his gardens to his disciples, v. 91.
EPIPHANIUS, his description of Arius, iii. 53.
EPIPHANIUS, bishop of Pavia, embassy from Ricimer to Anthemius, iv. 291. EPIRUS, despots of, vii. 327. EPISCOPAL government, introduction
and advantages of, ii. 192; univer- sally established after the first cen- tury, ib. note; its dignity and in- flexibility, 203.
EPULONES, their functions, iii. 407. EQUESTRIAN order, position under the empire, i. 150; account of, ib. note S.
EQUITIUS, master-general of the Illy- rian frontier, defeated by the Sarma- tians, iii. 288; procures the election of Valentinian II., 291. ERASMUS, his character of Hilary, iii. 58, note; the father of rational theology, vii. 61, note; learned Greek at Oxford, and taught it at Cam- bridge, viii. 117, note. EBDAVIRAPH, his trance, i. 333. ERIXO, paternal cruelty of, v. 293. EROS and ANTEROS, fable of, iii. 142, note.
ERPENIUS, his merits as an Arabic
scholar, vi. 294, note S. ESSENIANS, community of goods among the, ii. 197; sect of described, 209. ESLAW, ambassador of Attila, severely reproves Theodosius the Younger for assenting to the murder of his sove- reign, iv. 217.
ESTATES, Roman, how managed, iv. 75. ESTE, house of, genealogy, vii. 119, note.
ESTIUS, his limitation of Omnipotence, iii. 60, note. ETRUSCANS, i. 157.
EUCHARIST, differences of the Reformers respecting the, vii. 59.
EUCHERIUS, son of Stilicho, executed, iv. 62.
EUCHROCIA, widow of the orator Del- phidius, put to death for Priscillian. ism, iii. 374.
EUDES, duke of Aquitain, defeats at Toulouse the Saracens under Zama, vi. 385; defeated by Abderame, 387; recovers his dominions, 389. EUDOCIA, consort of Theodosius the Younger, her character, iv. 164; lite- rary works, 165; pilgrimage to Jeru- salem, ib.; disgraced, ib.; exile and death, 166.
EUDOCIA, widow of Constantine XII., marries Romanus Diogenes, vi. 114; her learning, vii. 41.
EUDOCIA, niece of Manuel Comnenus, becomes the concubine of Androni- cus, vi. 123.
EUDOCIA, daughter of Valentinian III., married to Hunneric, son of Genseric, iv. 277.
EUDOCIA, OF EPIPHANIA, daughter of Heraclius, betrothed to Ziebel, prince of the Chozars, v. 407. EUDOCIA of Damascus, her scorn for her apostate lover Jonas and tragical death, vi. 312.
EUDOXIA, daughter of the Frankish
general Bauto, married to Arcadius, iv. 8; persuades him to condemn Eutropius, 146; persecutes Chrysos- tom, 154; solicits his restoration, 155; procures his banishment, 156; licentiousness, 158; death, ib. EUDOXIA, daughter of Theodosius the Younger and Athenaïs, marries Va- lentinian III., iv. 174; compulsory marriage with Petronius Maximus, 255; invites Genseric into Italy, ib. ; he carries her captive to Carthage, 258; restored, 277.
EUDOXUS, Arian bishop of Constanti- nople, baptizes Valens, iii. 250. EUGENIUS, the rhetorician, created em- peror by Arbogastes, iii. 398; defeat and death, 402.
EUGENIUS IV., pope, his contest with the council of Basil, viii. 93; sub- mission, ib.; dexterous negociations with the Greek emperor, 95; deposed at Basil, 103; forms a league against the Turks, 128; expelled by an in- surrection of the Romans, 257. EUGENIUS, chamberlain and paramour of the princess Honoria, iv. 229. EUGUBINE TABLES, discovery of, v. 260, note; dialect of the inscriptions, ib.
and note S.; best works on the in- terpretation of, ib. EULOGIA, sister of Michael Palæologus, conspires against him, vii. 375. EULOGIUS, patriarch of Alexandria, his learning, vi. 60.
EUMENIUS, the orator, account of, ii. 104, note.
EUNAPIUS, character of his history of the Sophists, iii. 139, note, 142, note; passage of on the introduction of the worship of martyrs, 426. EUNOMIANS, disqualified by Theodosius from making or receiving bequests, iii. 373.
EUNOMIUS, disciple of Aëtius, iii. 60. EUNUCHS, use and value of, i. 299; expelled from Gordian's palace, 325; increased use of, ii. 95; power of the, under the sons of Constantine, 386; origin and progress of that race, ib.; high antiquity, ib. note; character of, 387 and notes; natural enemies of the Son, according to Athanasius, iii. 66, note; conspiracy of, against Rufinus, iv. 7; govern Arcadius, 138. EUPHEMIA, daughter of Marcian, mar- ries Anthemius, iv. 280.
EUPHEMIA, ST., church of, at Chalce- don, vi. 27.
EUPHEMIUS incites the Saracens to in- vade Sicily, vi. 408; slain, ib. EUPHRATES, three passages of, iii. 188, note; extent of its navigation, 207; ancient course of, 194, note. EUPHROSYNE, daughter of Constantine VI., marries the emperor Michael II., vi. 91.
EUPHROSYNE, wife of Alexius Ange- lus, vii. 287.
EURIC, assassinates his brother Theo- doric II., and becomes king of the Visigoths, iv. 287; conquests in Spain and Gaul, ib.; religious per- secution, 328; receives from Odoa- cer all the Roman conquests beyond the Alps, 345; his power, ib.; first Gothic prince who compiled written laws, 365.
EURIPIDES, his "Iphigenia in Tauris,' i. 395.
EUROPE, population, i. 180, note; al- teration of its climate, 350; ravaged by the Huns, iv. 200; reflections on the present state of, 405. EUSEBIA, wife of Constantius II., her beauty and merit, ii. 394; patron-
izes Julian, ib.; procures him the government of Gaul, 396; charged with procuring the abortion of He- lena, 398.
EUSEBIUS of Cæsarea, his character as a man and as an historian, ii. 281 and note, and 285, note M.; artful narrative respecting the martyrs, 284, note; passes over the deaths of Crispus and Licinius, 353; account
Constantine's conversion, iii. 2; of the cross in the sky, and Constan- tine's subsequent vision, 16; this not mentioned in his Ecclesiastica' History, ib. note; admits the Homo- ousion, 64; his ambiguous orthodoxy, ib. note; his conduct of the council of Tyre, 72.
EUSEBIUS of Nicomedia, Arian letter of respecting the Homoousion, iii. 56; exiled, 64; recalled, 65; bap- tizes Constantine, ib.; tutor to Ju- lian, 136. EUSEBIUS, the eunuch, his power over Constantius II., ii. 387; appointed to interrogate Gallus, 393; attempts to elect another emperor instead of Julian, iii. 120; executed, 127. EUSEBIUS, eunuch and chamberlain of Honorius, assassinated in his pre- sence, iv. 96. EUSTATHIUS of Cappadocia, embassy to Sapor, ii. 405, note; eloquence, ib. EUSTATHIUS, bishop of Antioch, ba- nished by Constantine, iii. 65. EUSTATHIUS, archbishop of Thessalo- nica, and commentator of Homer, refuses to desert his flock at the siege of that city, vii. 141, note. EUTHALITES or Nepthalites, tribe of Huns (properly Ephthalites), iii. 312 and note S.
EUTHARIC, marriage to Amalasontha, and death, v. 126.
EUTROPIA, Sister of Constantine, ii. 350. EUTROPIUS, father of Constantius, ii, 67. EUTROPIUS, the eunuch, undermines the power of Rufinus, iv. 7; ac- quires an ascendant over Arcadius, 14; his power, 138; becomes a ma- gistrate and general, ib. ; history of, 139 and note; statues to, ib.; made patrician and consul, ib.; his avarice and venality, 140; cruelty and in- gratitude, 141; consults his own safety by a law against treason, 142;
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