tural produce, 351 and note S.; their dress, 352; monarchy elective, 353; government, 354; laws, il. and note S.
LOMBARDY, ancient, described, i. 157; ravaged by Attila, iv. 241; founda- tion of the kingdom of by Alboin, v. 337; oppressed by a ducal aristo- cracy after the death of Clepho, 341; extent of the kingdom of, 349; its destruction by Charlemagne, vi. 156; Greek province of, its limits, and government, vii. 98.
LONDON, Roman treasury at, under Constantine, ii. 329, note; descrip- tion of, by Chalcocondyles, the Greek historian, viii. 88 and note. LONGINUS, his character, i. 195, note; tutor of Zenobia, ii. 20; betrayed by her, 26; heroic death, ib. LONGINUS appointed to supersede Narses as exarch of Ravenna, v. 336.
LORIA, Roger de, Catalan admiral, destroys the French fleet, vii. 380. LOTHAIRE I., emperor of the West, his dominions, vi. 178.
LOTHAIRE, Duke of the Alemanni, in- vades Italy with his brother Bucelin, v. 237; ravages Apulia and Cala- bria, 238; return and death, 239; defeat of a body of his troops, ib. note M.
LOUIS VII. of France delivered from the Greeks by the Sicilian admiral George, vii. 136; undertakes the se- cond crusade, 239; interview with the Emperor Manuel, 243; march through Anatolia, 244 and note S.; narrow escape of, 245 and note S. LOUIS IX., or St., established by the French Parliament as founder of the royal line, vii. 354 and note; crusades of, 271; character, ib.; takes Damietta, 272; captured by the Saracens, 273; ransom, ib.; un- dertakes the seventh crusade, 274; expedition to Tunis and death, ib. LOUIS XVI. offended by a passage in Gibbon's History, iv. 407, note S. (Louis, v. Lewis).
LUBLIN, city of destroyed by the Mon- gols, viii. 14.
LUCAN, character of Cæsar, i. 253, note. LUCAS NOTARAS, great duke of Con- stantinople, his reception by Mahomet II., viii. 177; executed, 178.
LUSTRAL CONTRIBUTION. LUCCA, siege of by Narses, v. 237. LUCIAN, Count of the East, put to death by Rufinus, iv. 6.
LUCIAN attacks paganism, i. 167; ori- ginality of that writer, 195. LUCIAN, presbyter of Jerusalem, dis- covers in a vision the body of St. Stephen, iii. 429.
LUCILIANUS, count, intrepid defence of Nisibis, ii. 372; Constantius' gene ral in Illyricum, surprised and made prisoner by Julian, iii. 117; ap- pointed by Jovian to Gaul and Illy- ricum, 231; massacred at Rheims, ib. LUCILLA attempts the assassination of her brother Commodus, i. 224. LUCILLA, a wealthy matron, purchases the bishopric of Carthage for Majori nus, ii. 262, note.
LUCIUS II., pope, killed in a riot at Rome, viii. 193.
LUCIUS III., pope, insulted by the Ro-
LUCIUS Succeeds Athanasius in the
throne of Alexandria, iii. 251; worth- less character and persecutions, ib. LUCRINE lake described, iv. 79 and note.
LUCULLUS, villa of in Campania, his- tory of, iv. 300. LUDEN'S History of the Germans, i. 355, note M.
LUGDUNENSIS GALLIA, province, i. 156. LUGDUNUM, or LYONS, colony of, i. 156.
LUKE, St., his body transported to Constantinople, iii. 427; probably a physician, vi. 138.
LUPERCALIA, festival described, iv. 282; celebrated under the reign of Anthe- mius, ib.; abolished by pope Gela- sius, 283.
LUPICINUS, general of the cavalry, ordered into Britain, iii. 105; im- prisoned, 110; marches against Pro- copius, 241. LUPICINUS, Valens' commander in Thrace, oppresses the Gothic emi- grants, 323; provokes them to hosti- lities at Marcianopolis, 325; de- feated by them, 326.
LUPUS, St., saves Troyes from the Huns, iv. 231.
LUSATIA, Vandals in, v. 121. LUSITANIA, province of Spain, i. 155. LUSTRAL CONTRIBUTION, tax on industry so called, ii. 342.
LUTHER, furious spirit of, iv. 109; his doctrine of the Eucharist, vii. 59. LUXURY, beneficial effects of, i. 191. LYCHNIDUS, OF ACHRIDA, capital of Bulgaria, vii. 64 and note.
LYCIA degraded by Rufinus, minister of Theodosius, from the rank of a Roman province, iv. 4. LYCUs, river, ii. 289.
LYDUS, his character of Anastasius, v. 63, note M.; his life, 64, note M.; character of John of Cappadocia, 69, note M.
LYGIANS driven from Gaul by Probus, ii. 44; identical with the Lekhs, ib., note S.
LYONS, battle of between Severus and Albinus, i. 255; reduced by Aure- lian, ii. 19; martyrs of, 211, note; 229, note; 245, note; date of, 257, note M.; council of, receives the sub- mission of the Greek church, vii. 273.
MACARIUS, patriarch of Antioch, con- demned of heresy, vi. 43; a zealous Monothelite, 56. MACEDONIA, maid of Antonina, wife of Belisarius, accuses her mistress of adultery, v. 158; put to death, ib. MACEDONIA described, i. 159; pedigree of the kings of, iii. 132 and note. MACEDONIANS, sect of condemned at the council of Constantinople, iii. 370; Gregory's sermon against, ib.
MACEDONIUS, Semi-Arian bishop of Constantinople, his contest with Paul, iii. 90; installed by force, 91; his turbulent reign, ib. sq.; crueltics, 92; persecutes the Novatians, 93. MACEPRACTA, town of, iii. 194; mean- ing of the name, ib., note M. MACKINTOSH, Sir James, his opinion on Gibbon's 15th chapter, ii. 151, note M.; opinion of Gibbon's 16th chap- ter, ii. 220, note. MACPHERSON'S OSSIAN, its authenticity questioned, i. 266 and note M. MACRIANUS, prætorian præfect under Valerian, weak and fatal counsels of, i. 404. MACRIANUS, prince of the Alemanni, his alliance with Valentinian I., iii. 262,
MACRINUS, Opilius, i. 273; the empire predicted to him, 274; election and character, 275; the first emperor not of senatorial rank, 276; origin, ib. note; reforms the army, 277; de. feat and death, 259.
MADAYN (or Ctesiphon), taken and sacked by the Saracens, vi. 294; date, ib. note S.; ruin of, 295 (v. Ctesiphon).
MADRAS, shrine of St. Thomas near, vi.
MEONIUS assassinates his uncle Odena- thus, ii. 21; put to death by Zeno- bia, ib.
MAFFEI, his 'Verona Illustrata,' i. 172, note.
MAGI, council of, i. 333; power of, 337; doctrine, whence derived, ib.; superintended education, 338; in- tolerance, ib.; predictions concerning the birth of Sapor, ii. 366; multi- tude of the, iii. 30, note; Persian, take refuge in Arabia, vi. 215; fall of the, 367; remnant of the, 369 and note.
MAGIAN religion reformed, i. 332; its
simple worship, 335; whether idola- trous, ib. note S.
MAGIC, i. 251 and note M.; studied by Severus, 262; whence named, 338; inquisition into under Valentinian and Valens, iii. 242; almost extin- guished heathen philosophy, ib. note M.; ancient belief in described, 243; two sorts, Theurgic and Goetic, ib. note; rigour and extent of the inqui- sition into, 344.
MAGISTRACIES, civil, abolished, ii. 93.
MAGISTRATES, Roman, their religious policy, i. 168; situation of under the empire, 204; their humanity towards the Christians, ii. 244. MAGNAURA, the Cæsar Bardas' school at, vii. 40. MAGNENTIUS Saluted emperor in Gaul, ii. 375; compared with Leicester, ib. note; puts Constans to death, 376; assumes the purple, ib.; campaign against Constantius II., 380; in- solent message to, ib.; defeated at Mursa, 382; flight, ib.; forced to retire from Italy, 383; victory near Pavia, ib.; oppressions in Gaul, 384; last defeat and death, 385. MAGNUS, death of that senator, i. 309.
MAGYARS of Hungary, of the Ugrian race, iii. 303, note S.; national and Oriental denomination of the Hun- garians, vii. 70 and 72, note S. MAHADI, or the Guide, last of the twelve Persian Imams, belief of his reappearance, vi. 280. MAHADIA, capital of the Zeirides, taken by the Normans, vii. 135. MAHMUD, the Gaznevide, pedigree of, vii. 147; expeditions into Hindostan, ib.; destroys the idol in the pagoda of Sumnat, 149; character and anec- dotes of, ib.
MAHOMET the Prophet adopted the legend of the Seven Sleepers, iv. 190; his prediction on the rejection of his summons by Chosroes II., v. 395 and note M.; ancestors of, their princely dignity, vi. 205; birth and education, 216; genealogy, ib. and notes M. and S.; meaning of his name (Moham- med), 217, note S. and 227, note; date of his birth, ib. and note, and 218, note S.; an orphan, ib.; his patrimony, ib. and note S.; marries Cadijah, ib.; assumes the title of Prophet, 219; personal appearance, ib. and note S.; mental qualities, 220; question of his illiterateness, ib. and note S.; travels, 221; soli- tary contemplation, 222; summary of his crced, ib.; held the Unity of God, 223; and predestination, 224; Gibbon's view of his tenets examined and modified, ib. note S.; the last of the prophets, 225; accused the Jews and Christians of corrupting the Scriptures, 227; appropriated the promise of the Paraclete, ib.; composes the Koran, ib.; miracles, 229; journey beyond the seventh heaven, 230; miracle of the moon, ib. and note; precepts, 231; ritual, 232; an enemy of asceticism, 233; inculcated charity, ib.; doctrine of the Resurrection, 234; hell and paradise, ib.; converts his family, 237; preaches at Mecca, ib.; ma- terials for his Life, ib. note and note S.; emigrations of his proselytes to Abyssinia, 240 and note S.; per- sonal danger, 241 and note S.; flies from the conspiracy of Abu Sophian and the Koreishites, 242; arrives at Medina, ib.; received as prince, 243; his regal and sacerdotal dignity, 244 ;
declares war against unbelievers, 245; his military character, 246 and 248, note S.; defensive wars against the Koreish, 247; battle of Beder, 248; his conduct at, ib. and note S.; battle of Ohud, 249; wounded, 250 and notes S.; battle of the Nations or Ditch, ib.; expeditions to Mecca, 252; waives his title of Apostle, 253 and note S.; submission of Mecca, ib.; Mahomet's clemency, 254; in- stalled Prince and Prophet at Mecca, ib.; battle of Honain, 255; besieges Tayef, ib.; his presents to Abu Sophian and the Koreishites, 256; submission of Arabia, 257; number of Moslems at his last pilgrimage, ib. and note S.; intercourse with Heraclius, ib.; war with the Roman empire, ib.; expedition of Tabuc, 258, 259, note S.; tolerates the Christians, 259; epileptic fits, ib. and 260, note S.; suspicion of poison, 260; humility, ib.; question as to his ability to write, ib. and note S.; death, 261; tomb, 262 and notes; date of his death, ib. note S.; cha- racter, 262; story of his tame pigeon, 263 note; account of his physical temperament, 264, note S.; domestic life, 265; wives, 266; incontinence, 267; children, 268; choice of his successor, 270; causes of the success and permanency of his religion, 282; merit towards his country, 283. MAHOMET I., son of Bajazet, character and reign, vii. 68. MAHOMET II., Sultan, strengthened the castles on the Bosphorus, ii. 288; his character, viii. 143; learning, ib. and 144, note M.; reign, 145; mur- ders his brothers, ib.; preparations for the siege of Constantinople, 147; builds a fortress on the Bosphorus, 148; levies a tribute on its naviga- tion, 150; builds the palace of Jehan Numa at Adrianople, ib.; his great cannon, 152 and note M.; invests Constantinople, 154; forces, 155; artillery, 159; attack, 160; defeat of his navy, 162; transports hie ships overland, 164; parallel feats, ib. notes; general assault, 168; and capture of the city, 171; brutality of Mahomet, 174; enters Constan- tinople, 176; behaviour to the Greeks, 177; repeoples and adorns
Constantinople, 178; secures the Greeks in their lives, liberties, and religion, 179; death, 185. MAHOMETANISM, its spirit of toleration, vi. 366; propagation, 367; eulogium of, ib.
MAHOMETANS, their detestation of image worship, vi. 139 and note G. MAHON, Lord, his 'Life of Belisarius,'
v. 99, note S.; his opinion on the beggary of Belisarius examined, 247, note S. MAINFROY, king of Naples and Sicily,
defeated and slain at Benevento by Charles of Anjou, vii. 376. MAINOTES, or Eleuthero-Laconians, vii. 10; their adherence to idolatry, ib. MAJESTAS, crime of, i. 219 and notes. MAJO, great admiral of Sicily, con-
spires against William I., vii. 141. MAJORCA and neighbouring isles, an appendix of the African kingdom, v. 114.
MAJORIAN, character of, iv. 265; origin and services, 266; elected emperor, ib.; noble epistle to the senate, ib.; salutary laws, 267 sq.; checks the demolition of the public monuments, 270; repels an invasion of the Van- dals, 271; collects an army of bar- barians, ib.; reunites Gaul and Spain, 272; constructs a navy, ib.; it is surprised and destroyed at Carthagena by Genseric, 273; Ri- cimer excites the barbarians against him, 274; abdication and death, ib. MAJORINUS, controversy with Cæcilian, iii. 43.
MALABAR, Nestorian Christians of per-
secuted by the Portuguese, vi. 52. MALALA, the historian, age of, v. 39, note and note M.
MALARICH declines Jovian's appoint- ment to Gaul and Illyricum, iii.
MANUEL COMNENUS.
conquests and empire, ib.; patronizes learning, 166; reforms the calendar, ib.; death, 167.
MALLIUS, prætorian præfect, Claudian epigram on, iv. 64.
MALTA, conquered by Roger, king o Sicily, vii. 134.
MALTHUS on the population of Ger many, iii. 260, note G.
MAMEA, mother of Alexander Severus, i. 278; sole regent, 285; power, 286; wise administration, ib.; coun cil, ib.; pride and avarice, 293; murdered, 308; her interview with Origen, ii. 259.
MAMALUKES, their origin and esta- blishment in Europe, vii. 252; murder Touran Shaw, sultan of Egypt, 273; their project of elect- ing Louis IX. for their sultan, ib. note, and note S.; their two dynasties, 274; repulse the Mongols from Egypt, viii. 13.
MAMAS, St., monument of at Cæsarea erected by Gallus and Julian, iii. miracle in its construction, ib.
137; note. MAMERTINUS, the panegyrist, a minister of Julian, iii. 126; consul, 130. MAMGO, the Scythian, ii. 80 and note M.
MAN compared with the hog, i. 352, note.
MANCIPIUM, meaning of that term in the Roman law explained, v. 304 and notes. MANDARINS, Chinese, superstition of, vi. 49.
MANDRACIUM, suburb of Carthage re-
stored by Belisarius, v. 110. MANES, his death, i. 339 note, and note M.; origin of his heresy, iii. 42, note. MANIACES, Greek governor of Lom- bardy, reduces the Saracens in Sicily, vii. 105. MENIACH, prince of the Sogdoites, am- bassador from the Turks to Justin II., v. 178 and note.
MANICHEANS, their heresy made capital by Theodosius, iii. 373. MANUEL COMNENUS, emperor of Con- stantinople, vi. 120; his martial prowess, 121; inconsistent character, 122; repulses the Normans, vii. 137; reduces Apulia and Calabria, 138; attempts to recover the Western
Empire, ib.; failure of his designs, 139; peace with the Normans, 140; his character, 242; violates his en- gagements with the crusaders, ib. MANUEL, Roman general at the battle
of the Jermik, fate of, vi. 319. MANUFACTURERS, Roman, i. 191. MANUMISSION, tax on, i. 295, note S.; limited by the Caninian law, ii. 37, note.
MANUSCRIPTS, ancient, destruction of in the sack of Constantinople by the Turks, viii. 176.
MAOGAMALCHA, fortress of, besieged
and destroyed by Julian, iii. 197. MARBLE, varieties of, i. 311 and note. MARCELLINUS, count of the sacred lar- gesses, assists Magnentius's designs on the empire, ii. 375; his ambas- sador to Constantius, 377; killed at Mursa, 385. MARCELLINUS, son of Maximin, ob-
tains the government of Valeria, iii. 287; oppresses the Quadi, ib.; trea- cherously murders their king Ga- binius, ib.
MARCELLINUS, Roman general, friend
of Aëtius, maintains in Dalmatia his independence during the sway of Ricimer, iv. 275; acknowledges and assists Anthemius, 283; expels the Vandals from Sardinia, 284; joins the expedition of Basiliscus, 285; assassinated, 286. MARCELLUS the centurion, martyrdom of, ii. 267.
MARCELLUS, general of the cavalry,
dismissed at the instance of Julian, ii. 415; his son executed by the latter, iii. 129.
MARCELLUS, bishop of Rome, exiled, ii. 277.
MARCELLUS, bishop of Apamea, crusade against the pagan temples, iii. 415; slain, ib.
MARCELLUS of Ancyra, his Sabellian opinions, iii. 58.
MARCELLUS, Conspiracy of against Jus- tinian, and suicide, v. 245. MARCH, Spanish, instituted by Charle- magne, vi. 174.
MARCIA, concubine of Commodus, i. 229; conspires against him, 233; a patroness of the Christians, ii. 257; had been actually converted, ib. note S. MARCIAN Conspires against Gallienus, ii. 2.
MARCIAN, nominally marries the em- press Pulcheria and is acknowledged emperor, iv. 161, 219; origin and cha- racter, ib.; temperately refuses the demands of Attila, 220; ratifies the election of Avitus to the Western em- pire, 260; death, 278. MARCIANOPOLIS besieged by the Goths, i. 382; quarrel between the Goths and Romans at, iii. 325; Romans de- feated at by Attila, iv. 200. MARCIONITES, sect of, ii. 164, and note. MARCOMANNI, subdued by M. Anto- ninus, i. 370; site of, ib. note; a general name=Marchmen, ib, note S. MARCOMANNIC war, how occasioned, i 380, note.
MARCOMIR, Frankish king banished by Stilicho, iv. 51.
MARCUS, bishop of the Nazarenes, ii. 159. MARCUS elected emperor by the British legions, iv. 54; murdered, ib. MARDAITES, Maronites of Mount Li banus so called, vi. 56, and note M. MARDAVIGE, the Dilemite, last of the Magians, vi. 369, note.
MARDIA, battle of between Constantine and Licinius, ii. 141. MARDONIUS the eunuch, Julian's pre- ceptor, iii. 136, note. MAREB, i. 138, note S. MARGUS, battle of between Carinus and Diocletian, ii. 63; site of, ib. notes; treaty of violated by the Huns, iv. 199; town of betrayed to them by its bishop, 200; battle of between Theodoric the Ostrogoth and the Roman general Sabinian, v. 16. MARIA, daughter of Eudamon the Carthaginian, story of, iv. 187. MARIA, widow of Manuel Comnenus,
put to death by Andronicus, vi. 129. MARIABA, or Merab, i. 138, note; means "metropolis," ib. S.; said to be de- stroyed by the legions of Augustus, vi. 200, and note S.
MARIANA, his description of the inva- sion of Spain by the barbarians, iv. 124; character of his History of Spain, vi. 354, note. MARINUS, a subaltern, elected emperor by the Masian legions, i. 373; mur- dered, 374.
MARIUS, one of the Thirty Tyrants, i. 410.
MARIUS reigns in Gaul by the influence of Victoria, ii. 18.
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