OTTOMAN.
OTTOMAN empire, rise and progress of,

viii. 20; works on, ib. and notes M.
and S. ; its true æra, 23; its unity
restored, 69; hereditary succession
and merits of the Ottoman princes,

72; their obscure origin, ib.
OVID, exile of, i. 220, note ; ii. 358;

description of the Getæ and Sarma-
tians, ib.; character of his epistles
from Pontus, ib. note ; his Sarmatians

probably Jazygæ, 359.
OXFORD, university of, first teachers of

Greek at, viii. 117, note.
OXYRINCHUS, city of, seat of Christian

orthodoxy, iv. 308.

P.

Pacatus, his panegyric on Theodosius

the Great, iii. 387.
PACHOMIUS, abbot, number of his fol-

lowers and monasteries, iv. 307.
Pacts, obligation of, v. 312 and note S.
PÆDERASTY, how punished by the

Scatinian law, v. 322; made capital by
the Christian emperors, ib. ; torture
added by Justinian, 323; charge of
used as an instrument of tyranny,

ib. and notes.
Petus, Ælius, his "Tripartite,' the

oldest work of Jurisprudence, vi.

274.
Pagan, derivation and revolutions of

the term, ii. 100, notes ; true ety-

mology uncertain, ib. note S.
PAGANISM, not suppressed by Con-

stantine, iii, 97 and note ; edict of
Constantius II. against, 98; not
enforced, 99 ; lasted during the reigns
of the sons of Constantine, ib. ; its
ruin suspended by the division of the
Christians, 100; its destruction under
Theodosius the Great described, 406;
state of at Rome, 407; condemned
by a majority of the senate, 411;
abandoned by the Roman citizens,
412; M. Beugnot's account, 413,
note M.; restored by Julian, 147;
who attempts to roform it, 149; fall
of under Jovian, 230; final and abso-
lute edict of Theodosius against, 422;
long maintained in the rural districts,
ib. note M. ; pagan conformers, 424;
obtained civil and military bonours
under Theodosius, 425; last vestiges
of paganism, 426 and note M.; lin-

PALÆOLOGUS.
gered last in Asia Minor, vi. 37 ;
instances of in the fifteenth sentury,

viii. 119 and note.
Pagans, their increased seal against

Christianity, ii. 265; growth and
superstition among, ib. ; abandon the
study of philosophy, 266; of Pome,
their joy at the approach of Rada-
gaisus, iv. 47 and note M.; laws
against relaxed after the removal of

the minister Olympius, 95.
PAINTING successfully cultivated by

the Italians of the sixth century, v.

358.
Palace of Caracalla and Geta, i. 267,

note; palaces of Justinian described,

v, 77.
PALÆOLOGI, gencalogy of the, vii. 362,

and 363 note S.; extinction of the

family of, viii. 180.
PALÆOLOGUS, Michael, guardian and

colleague of John, emperor of Nice,
negociations with theemperor Baldwin
II., vii.343; alliance with the Genoese,
344 ; recovers Constantinople, 346
and 367; family and character, 362;
dexterous evasion of a fiery ordeal,
364 ; great duke and governor of
Nice, 365; administration, ib.; as-
sumes the title of despot, and then
of emperor, 366 ; triumphal entry
into Constantinople, 368; blinds and
banishes his ward John Lascaris,
369; excommunication by and inter-
view with the patriarch Arsenius,
369, 370; conquests, 372; nego-
ciations with popes Urban IV. and
Gregory X., and union with the Latin
church, ib.; persecutes the Greeks,
374; fortifies Constantinople, 376;
assists the revolt of Sicily, 378;

surprised by the Tatars, viï. 19.
PALÆOLOGUS, Michael II., associated in

the empire by his father Andronicus,

vii. 390; death, 391.
PALÆOLOGUS, John, son of Andronicus

the Younger, takes up arms against
his guardian the emperor Cantacu-
zene, vii. 403; defeat and fight to
the isle of Tenedos, ib.; character
and reign, viii. 35; deposed and im-
prisoned, ib. ; divides the empire
with his eldest son and grandson, 36;
treaty with pope Innocent VI., 81;
visits pope Urban V. at Rome, 82;
acknowledges the pope's supremacy
and the double procession of the Holy

gem, v. 129.

PALÆOLOGUS.
Ghost, ib.; negociates with John
Hawkwood, 83; arrested for debt at

Venice, ib.
PALÆOLOGUS, John II., his reign, viii.

72; Turkish tribute, ib.; divorces
nis wife and marries the princess of
Trebizond, 91; converts a Jew, ib.;
embarks on the pope's galleys, 95 ;
triumphal entry of Venice, 97; at-
tends the synods of Ferrara and Flo-
rence, 98, 99; effects a reunion with
the Latin church, 103; treaty with

the pope, ib. ; death, 139.
PALÆOLOGUS, Manuel, second son of

John, receives the imperial crown,
viii. 35; deposed and imprisoned
with his father, ib.; restoration and
civil wars with his cousin, 36; hu-
miliating treaty with the sultan Ba-
jazet, 37; obtains assistance from
France, ib.; abdicates in favour of
the prince of Selymbria, ib.; restored,
70; alliance with Soliman, son of
Bajazet, ib.; with Mahomet, ib.;
dismisses Mustapha, reputed son
of Bajazet, from custody, 71 ;
death, 72 ; his visit to and favour-
able reception at the court of
France, 84; to England, 85; negocia-
tions with pope Martin V., 89; his
double dealing, ib. ; private motives,
90; death, 91; history of his sons,

ib.
PALÆOLOGUS, Constantine, receives the

imperial crown at Sparta, viii. 140;
killed in the storm of Constantinople

by the Turks, 171.
PALÆOLOGUS, Andrew, son of Thomas,

despot of the Morea, sells his claim
to the empires of Constantinople and
Trebizond to Charles VIII. of France,

viii. 182 and note.
PALÆOLOGUS, Andronicus, son of John,

forms a conspiracy with Sauzes, son
of Amurath I., to murder their
fathers, viii. 35; his punishment,
ib. ; raised to the throne on the de-
position of his father, ib.; divides

the empire with his father, 36.
PALÆOLOGUS, Demetrius, attempts to

seize the throne on the death of John
II., viii. 139 ; despot of the Morea,
history of after the fall of Constanti-
nople, 180; deposed by Mahomet II.,
who marries his daughter, 181; dies

in a convent, 182.
PALÆOLOGUS, George, reizes the pavy

PANDECTS.
of Nicephorus Botaniates, ri

. 117;
defends Durazzo against the Nar.

mans, vii, 121.
PALÆOLOGUS, Thomas, despot of the

Morea, history of after the fall of
Constantinople, viii. 180 ; takes re-
fuge at Rome, 182; fate of his family,

ib.
PALÆOLOGUS, Manuel, son of Thomas,

despot of the Morea, accepts the pro-

tection of Mahomet II., viï. 183.
PALÆOLOGUS, Michael, lieutenant of the

emperor Manuel, his conquests in

Italy, vii. 138.
Palazas, Gregory, monk of Athos, his

doctrine concerning the light of

mount Thabor, vii. 405.
PALANDERS, or horse-transports, vii.

298, 301, note.
PALATINES, what troops so called, ii.

321 ; how corrupted, 1.
PALERMO, taken by Belisarius by strata-
PALESTINE described, i. 160; Gibbon's

opinion respecting its fertility ex-
amined, ib., notes G. and M.; con-
quered by Chosroes II., v. 392 ; po-
pulation of in the time of king

David, vii. 230, note and note M.
PALESTRINA, or PRÆNESTE, seat of the

Colonna family, destroyed by pope

Boniface VIII., viii. 222.
PALLADIUM, attempt on by Elagabalus,

i. 281, note; probable account of, iii.

407, note.
PALLADIUS, the notary, commissioned

by Valentinian to inquire into the
state of Africa, iii. 272; his corrup-

tion and treachery, 273.
PALLADIUS, son of the emperor Pe

tronius Maximus, marrics the daugh-

ter of Valentinian III., iv. 255.
Pallas, his fortune, i. 228, note.
Palma, A. Corn., lieutenant of Trajan,

conquers part of Arabia, i. 143, note
S.; subdues Bostra and Petra, vi.

202, note.
PALMYRA described, ii. 23; besieged

by Aurelian, 24; ruins discovered,
ib. note; surrenders, 25; revolts,

26; destroyed by Aurelian, ib.
Pambo, the monk, sublime answer to

Melania, iv. 316, note.
PAMPHRONIUS, Roman patrician, his

embassy to Constantinople, v. 346.
PANDECTS, or Digest of Justinian, com.

pilation of, v. 283; etymology of

PANHYPERSEBASTOS.
the word pandects, ib, note ; merits
and defects of the, 284; antinomies
of with the Cod., 285 ; emblemata
or forgeries of, ib. and note ; only one
MS. of, 286 and note; story of its
discovery, 287 and note M.; colla-

tions and editions, ib. and note S.
PANHYPERSEBASTOS, title invented by

Alexius Comnenus, vii. 18.
PANNONIA, or Hungary, described, i.

158 ; conquest of, 248; reduced by

Charlemagne, vi. 175.
PANNONIANS, their character, i. 248.
PANSOPHIA, v. Irene.
PANTHEON at Rome, consecrated as a

Christian church by pope Boniface
IV., iii. 416 and note ; viii. 274 and
note; plundered of its bronze tiles

by the emperor Constans, 275.
PANTOMIMES, Roman, described, iv. 87;

extensive knowledge required of, ib.

note.
PAPENCORDT, Dr. Felix, his Life of

Rienzi, viii. 229, note M.
PAPER, manufacture of from linen in-

troduced from Samarcand, vi. 300 ;
imported into Samarcand from China,
ib, note ; paper MSS., ancient in the

Escurial, ib.
PAPINIAN, prætorian præfect, i, 261 ;

his noble conduct and execution,
271; Gibbon corrected, ib, note W.;
his superior wisdom and authority as

a jurist, v. 279.
PAPIRIUS compiled the first code or

digest, v. 259, note and note S.
Para, son of Arsaces Tiranus, shares

the throne of Iberia with Aspacuras,
iii. 279; his adventures, 280, 899.;

assassinated by count Trajan, 281.
PARABOLANI, or visitors of the sick, at

Alexandria, iii. 32 ; account of, vi.

12, note.
PARADISE, or Persian garden, v. 107,

note; Mahomet's described, vi. 236.
Paris in the time of Julian, ii. 424 ;

origin of its present name, 425, note;
Roman thermæ at, probable remains
of Julian's palace, iii. 107, note ;
saved from the Huns by St. Gene-

viève, iv. 232.
L'ARRICIDE, singular punishment of

among the Romans, v. 316 and note;

first at Rome, 317, note.
Parsees, modern, their views, i. 335,

note.
PARTHIA subdued by Trajan, i. 143;

PAULA,
by Artaxerxes, 331 ; its government
resembled feudalism, 339; wars with

Rome recapitulated, 340.
PARTHOLANUS, the giant, i. 353, note.
Pascal, niece of, saved by a prickle of

the holy crown, vii. 342 and note.
PascHAL II., pope, his civil war with

the Romans, viii. 192.
PASCHAL CHRONICLE, its merits, v: 397,

note ; when composed, ib.
PASITIGRIS, or Shat-el-Arab, iii. 194,

note.
PATERNAL AUTHORITY, absoluteness

and perpetuity of peculiar to the Ro-
mans, V. 291; exception, ib. note M.;

gradual limitations of, 292.
Patras, siege of by the Slavonians and

Saracens, vii. 8.
PATRICIAN of Rome, title of equivalen

to exarch of Ravenna, vi. 158 ; after
the revolt of Italy bestowed on

Charles Martel and his posterity, ib.
PATRICIANS, Roman, ii. 308; nearly

extinct in A.U.C. 800, 309 and note ,
title revived by Constantine, 309 ;
but with an altered meaning, 310

under the Greek empire, vi. 157.
PATRICIATE, Roman, restoration and

abolition of, viii. 201, and note S.
PATRICK, tutelar saint of Ireland, name

of whence derived, iv. 300, note.
PATRIPASSIANS, iii. 47, note M.; Sa-

bellians so called, 56, note.
Paul, St., his Epistle to the Romans,

ii. 196, note M.
Paul of Samosata, story of, ii. 262 ;

degraded from the episcopal cha-
racter by a council of bishops, 263 ;
the sentence enforced by Aurelian,
ib.; protected by Zenobia, ib. and
note M. ; Constantine's edict against

his followers, iii. 41.
Paul, orthodox bishop of Constanti-

nople, contest with Macedonius, iii.

90; persecutions and death, ib.
Paul of Cilicia defends the mole of

Hadrian against Totila, v. 227.
Paul, the civilian, juridical authority

conferred on by Theodosius II., v.

279.
Paul, the hermit, Jerome's legend of,

ii. 244, note.
Paul of Tanis, patriarch of Alexandria,

expelled on a charge of murder, vi.

60 ; bribes for his return, ib.
Paula, spiritual pupil of Jerom, her

illustrious descent, iv. 71; proprio