RIALTO, island of, Venice founded on, vii. 290.
RICHARD I. of England redeems the Jerusalem relics, vii. 260; assists at the siege of Acre, 262; beheads the Moslem prisoners, 263 and note S.; character, 264; whether concerned in the assassination of Conrad of Montferrat, ib. and note M.; quests in Syria, ib.; refuses to look upon Jerusalem, 265 and note S.; daring valour at Jaffa, ib.; treaty with Saladin, 266; proposes to marry his sister to the Sultan's brother, ib. ; return and captivity, 267; answer to Fulk of Neuilly, preacher of the fourth crusade, 289.
RICHARD of Cirencester, character of his work, iv. 132, note. RICIMER, Count, commander of the barbarian troops, destroys a fleet of the Vandals, iv. 264; hailed as deli- verer of Italy, ib.; deposes Avitus, ib.; consents to the elevation of Ma- jorian, 266; excites the barbarian troops to depose him, 274; dictates the election of Libius Severus, ib.; exercises supreme power during six years, 275; defeated by Egidius at Orleans, 287; fixes his residence at Milan, 291; quarrel with Anthemius, ib.; marches to Rome, 292; desig- nates Olybrius as emperor, ib.; takes Rome and kills Anthemius, 293; death, 294.
RIENZI, Colà di, the Roman tribune,
Lives of, viii. 228, notes, and 229, note M.; birth and character, 229 and note M.; patriotic aspirations, ib.; assumes the government of Rome, 231; and title of tribune, 232; laws and administration, 233; submission of the nobles, 234; scheme of an Italian federative re- public, 235; hears the cause of Lewis of Hungary and Jane queen of Naples, 236 and notes M.; his vices and follies, 237; knighthood, 238; coronation, 240 and note M.; impri- sons and pardons the nobles, 241; they rise against him, 242; defeats and slays the Colonna, b.; excom- munication, fall, and flight, 244; adventures in exile, 245; visions, ib. and note M.; imprisonment at Avignon, 246; re-enters Rome as renator, ib.; assassinated, 247.
RIMINI, council of, iii. 62; introduction of Arianism at, ib.; powers of Tau- rus, prætorian prefect, to establish unanimity in, 69; an Arian confes- sion extorted from, ib. ; conference at between Jovius and Alaric, iv. 96, sq.; seized by John the Sanguinary, v. 147; besieged by Vitiges, and re- lieved by Belisarius, 148.
RINALDO, hero of Tasso, exploits of chimerical, vii. 199, note. RIOTHAMUS, British chieftain, sails up the Loire, iv. 288.
RIPAILLE, hermitage of, near Thonon, viii. 104, note.
RIPUARIANS, or Riparii, their situation, iv. 234 and note.
RIPUARIAN LAWS, when published, iv.
ROADS, Roman, account of, i. 187. ROBERT of COURTENAY, Emperor of Constantinople, vii. 337; mutilation of his wife, ib.; death, 338. ROBERT, Count of Flanders, a leader in the first crusade, character, vii. 197. ROBERT, king of Naples, procures build- ing materials from the ruins of Rome, viii. 276.
ROBERT, duke of Normandy, a leader in the first crusade, character, vii. 197; pawns his duchy, ib. note. ROBERT of Paris, his insolence towards the Greek emperor, vii. 208. RODERIC, the Goth, deposes Witiza and his sons, and usurps the crown of Spain, vi. 354; collects an army against the Saracens, 357 and note S.; defeated at Xeres, ib.; flight and death, ib.; legends respecting, 358, note.
ROGATIANS, Donatist sect, iii. 45. ROGER, Count of Sicily, character, vii.
116; conquest of Sicily, 117; to- lerates the Moslems and encourages their learning, 118.
ROGER II., great count of Sicily, cha- racter, vii. 132; seizes the dukedom of Apulia, 133; becomes first king of Sicily, ib.; driven from Italy, ib.; recovers Apulia, 134; African con- quests, ib.; invades Greece, 135. ROMAN EMPIRE, three periods of its de- cline, Author's Pref., i. xviii. ; its prosperity in the second century, 137; boundaries under Augustus, 139; military establishment, 145, sq.; total naval and military force
155; view of the provinces, ib.; ex- tent of the empire, 164; populous- ness, 179, 180, note M.; union and obedience, 180; number of cities in, 185; progress of refinement and luxury, 191; eastern commerce of, 192; supposed annual loss by, 193; general prosperity, ib.; decline of courage and genius, 194; of literary taste, 195; state after the battle of Actium, 196; general idea of the imperial system, 206; happiest pe- riod of, 216; sale of the empire by the Prætorians, 243; civil wars of characterized, 255; prosperity under Sept. Severus, 259; that emperor the principal author of its decline, 262; finances of, 293, sqq.; total revenue, 297; calamities from want of here- ditary succession, 305; decline of, 328; limits under Philip, 329; its provinces invaded by the Goths, 379; fourfold division under Diocletian, ii. 68 and 96; eastern limits as settled by the treaty between Diocletian and Narses, 86; troubles after the abdica- tion of Diocletian, 106; six emperors, 119; division of provinces between Maximin and Licinius, 122; civil war between Constantine and Maxentius, 125; empire divided between Con- stantine and Licinius, 139; resettle- ment after the battle of Mardia, 141, sq.; reunited under Constantine the Great, 150; distributed into one hun- dred and sixteen provinces, 314; how divided among the sons of Constan- tine, 366; establishment of Chris- tianity as the national religion, iii. 25; treaty of Dura, a memorable æra in the decline of the, 225; divided by Valentinian I. into the empires of the East and West, 237; fall of may be dated from the reign of Valens, 294; Dacia and Macedonia added to the Eastern empire by Gratian, 343; disuse of armour, an immediate cause of the downfal of the, 405; right of female succession, iv. 230; West- ern, clear symptoms of its fall in the twelfth century, 252; general ob- servations on the fall of, 438. ROMANS averse to the sea, i. 154; their religion, 165; peculiar misery under their tyrants, 218; ill prepared for slavery, 219; impossibility of escape, 220; their discontent at the taxes
of Galerius, ii. 113; declare Maxen tius emperor, 114; number of in the Punic war, iv. 70, note; Empe- ror of the, that title retained by the emperors of the East, 136; of Gaul, condition of under the Merovingian princes, 380; their lands not exempt from tribute, ib. note S.; blind ar- dour of the Romans for the factions of the circus, v. 49; progress of their intercourse with the Greeks, 262, note; perpetual landed inheritance of the first, 303 and note; their con- quests and possessions in Arabia, vi. 202, note.
ROMANUS I., Lecapenus, his origin and character, vi. 102; deposes Constan- tine Porphyrogenitus, and ascends the throne, .; deposed and ba- nished by his sons, ib.; marriage of his granddaughter with a Bulgarian prince denounced, vii. 24.
ROMANUS II., emperor of Constanti-
nople, vi. 103; poisoned by his wife Theophano, 104.
ROMANUS III., Argyros, marries Zoe, daughter of Constantine IX., vi. 109; connives at her adultery with Michael the Paphlagonian, ib.; poisoned by her, ib.
ROMANUS IV., Diogenes, becomes em- peror by marrying Eudocia, widow of Constantine XII., vi. 114; made prisoner by the Turks, ib.; deposed and put to death, 115; account of his campaigns against the Turks, vii. 159; defeated and captured by Alp Arslan, 161; disgraceful treaty, 162. ROMANUS, Son of Constantine Porphy- rogenitus, marries Bertha, daughter of Hugo, king of Italy, vii. 24; se- cond marriage, 25.
ROMANUS, Count, his mal-administra- tion in Africa, iii. 272; artfully frus- trates the complaints of the Tripoli- tans, ib.; escapes justice through the favour of Mellobaudes, 275. ROMANUS, governor of Bosra, his treachery and apostasy, vi. 304. ROME, greatness of, its true nature, i. 165; foreign superstitions at, 169; number of citizens, 170; freedom of, 171; æra of its foundation, 328, note; threatened by the Alemanni, 393; defended by the senate, 394; pestilence at under Gallienus, 415; fortified by Aurelian, ii. 16; walls,
ib. and notes; ancient state of, ib.; Diocletian and Maximian the first princes who did not reside in the capital, 90; Diocletian's single visit to, 91; residence of Maxentius at, 125; the mystic Babylon of the pri- mitive Christians, 175; its destruc- tion by fire predicted, 176; fire of under Nero, 232; præfects of, their functions, 312; extent of their juris- diction, ib.; the fountains of munici- pal authority, 313; vicars of, 314; visited by Constantius, 399; appeals to, sanctioned by the council of Sar- dica, iii. 75, note; citizens of adopt Christianity, 412; walls of restored by Honorius, iv. 39; wealth and splendour of in the Theodosian age, 74; citizens, their state described, 83; a mixed and degenerate race under the empire, 84; distribution of provisions at, ib. sq.; baths, 85; indolence and vice of the populace, 86 and note; games and spectacles, 86; population of, 87; walls, 88; houses, ib.; number of, 89; besieged by Alaric, 90; famine, ib.; plague, 91; siege raised, 93; second siege, 97; third siege and sack, 101; slaugh- ter, 103 and note; edifices, how far injured, 105 and notes; captives and fugitives, 106; sack by Alaric con- trasted with that under Charles V., 108; restoration of the city, 117; sacked by Genseric, 257; monuments of destroyed by the Romans them- selves, 270; taken and sacked by Ricimer, 293; regions of in the fifth century, ib., note; propagation of monasticism at, 308; prosperity of under Theodoric the Great, v. 19; his visit to, 20, and care of the public monuments, 21; citizens invite Be- lisarius, 135; besieged by Vitiges, 137; compass of the walls, 138 and note S.; walls restored by Belisarius, 139; a portion guarded by St. Peter, ib.; destruction of works of art during the siege, ib.; distress at, 142; in- vested by Totila, 216; famine at, 220; taken and sacked by Totila, 222; recovered by Belisarius, who repairs the walls destroyed by Totila, 224; reoccupied by Totila, 227; re- taken by Narses, 235; the citizens send embassies to the emperors Ti- berius and Maurice for assistance
against the Lombards, 346; duchy of, its limits, 348; subject to and oppressed by the exarchs of Ravenna, 349; misery and depopulation of, 355; preserved from destruction through the relics of the apostles, 357; duchy of, its territory, vi. 151 and note; sovereignty of the Greek emperors extinguished and a republic established, ib.; depopulation and decay, ib.; style of the Roman senate and people revived, 152; but the pope considered as the first magis- trate, ib.; saved from the Lombards by Pepin, 155; final separation from the Eastern empire, 166; menaced and its suburbs plundered by the Arabs, 410; project of Constans II. to restore the seat of empire to, vii. 37; pillaged and deserted by him, ib.; part of, burnt by the Saracens under Robert Guiscard, 129; com- pared with Constantinople, viii. 120; state and revolutions of from the eleventh century, 186; change in the climate of, ib. note, and 187, note M.; French and German emperors of, ceremony of their coronation, ib.; their jurisdiction, 188; authority of the popes at, ib.; seditions against, 191; character of the Romans by St. Bernard, 194; supposed resto- ration of the senate, consuls, and tribunes, 198 and notes; restoration of the Capitol, 200; coin of the mo- dern republic, ib.; præfects of the city restored, 201; wars against the neighbouring cities, 209; secession of the popes to Avignon, 214; nobles and barons of, 219; coronation of Petrarch at, 227; conspiracy of Ri- enzi, 231; freedom and prosperity of Rome under his administration, 284; return of pope Gregory XI. from Avignon, 250; calamities of Rome in the great schism, 253; expulsion of pope Eugenius IV., 257; last co- ronation of a German emperor at, 258; statutes and government of, ib.; conspiracy of Porcaro, 260; tu- mults of the nobles at, 261; taking of by Charles V., 263 and note; au- thorities for its history in the thir- teenth and fourteenth centuries, 265, note; Poggius' description of its ruins, 268; gradual decay of, 269; four causes of destruction, 270; worst
damage, how inflicted, 280, note M.; games of Rome, 282; ignorance and barbarism of the Romans, 285; po- pulation, 287 and note S.; restora- tion of the city by the popes, ib. ROME, CHURCH OF, not founded either by St. Peter or by St. Paul, ii. 196, note M.; statistics of, in the third century, 211; its firm adherence to Liberius, iii. 89; refuses to associate Felix, ib. ; its vices under Valentinian, 255; bloody contention of Damasus and Ursinus for the episcopacy, ib.; can- onizes Augustin and reprobates Cal- vin, iv. 183, note; upholds the wor- ship of images, vi. 144; discipline how different from that of the Greek church, vii. 279; its corruption, viii. 92; schism of, ib. ; healed, 104. ROMILDA betrays Friuli to Baian, cha-
gan of the Avars, v. 396; cruelly executed by him, ib. RONCEVALLES, battle of, vi. 171 and note M.
ROMULUS, interregnum after, ii. 34. ROSAMOND, daughter of Cunimund, king of the Gepida, carried off by Alboin, v. 333; marries him, 334; intrigues with Helmichis, 339; com- pelled by Alboin to drink from her father's skull, ib. ; conspires and ac- complishes his murder, ib.; takes refuge and intrigues with Longinus, exarch of Ravenna, 340; poisons Helmichis and is murdered by him, ib.; her daughter sent to Constan- tinople, ib.
ROTHARIS, laws of, v. 354; ignored witchcraft, 355.
ROUDA, island of the Nile at Memphis, vi. 330.
ROUM, Seljukian dynasty of, vii. 167; kingdom of, established, 169; sultans of remove their throne to Cogni or Iconium, 239.
ROUMELIA, Countries comprehended under that name, i. 159. ROUSSEAU, observations on animal food,
iii. 296, note; remark on his parallel of Christ and Socrates, vi. 8, note. ROXOLANI, Sarmatian tribe, ii. 359, note S.; iii. 317.
RUDBECK, OLAUS, account of the Swedish women, i. 352, note; his Atlantica, 353. RUFINUS, minister of the great Theo- dosius, his history and character, iv.
2 sqq.; becomes præfect of the East, 4; governs Arcadius, 5; avarice and oppression, ib.; deceived in his pro- ject of marrying his daughter to Arcadius, 7; alarm at the approach of Stilicho, 12; put to death by Gainas in the presence of Arcadius, 13; his body mangled by the popu- lace, ib.; treacherous correspondence with the Goths, 24. RUFINUS, presbyter of Aquileia, ac- count of, iv. 32.
RUGA, Spurius Carvilius, the first Roman who divorced his wife, v. 296 and note.
RUGEN, holy island of the Varini, iv. 399, note S.
RUGIANS, probable situation of the, iv. 295; invade Britain, 389. RUGILAS, or Roas, uncle of Attila, settles in Hungary, iv. 192.
RUNIC CHARACTERS, theories respecting, i. 354, notes; disappear after the propagation of Christianity, iv. 323. RURIC, Scandinavian chief, founds a monarchy in Russia, vii. 82 (v. p. 80, note S.)
RUSSIA Conquered by the Mongols, viii. 14; by Timour, 45.
RUSSIANS, their origin, iii. 317 and note; Greek form of their name, vii. 80; account of their origin, ib. note S., and 81; were Scandinavians, ib.; geography and trade of, 83; naval expeditions against Constantinople, 86; conversion to Christianity, 92; their zeal against the union of the Greek and Latin churches, viii. 124. RUSTAM, general of Yezdegerd, king of Persia, vi. 292; slain at Cadesia, 293 and note S.
RUSTAN, saying of, i. 288.
RUSTAN and ASFENDIAR, Persian heroes, iii. 304.
RUSTICIANA, widow of Boethius, saved by Totila, v. 223.
RUTILIUS NUMATIANUS, date of his voyage, iv. 117, note.
SABEANS, or Homerites, converted, iii. 25.
SABARIA, ruins of, i. 249, note S. SABATON, lake, ii. 122, ncte.
SABELLIUS, heresy of, iv. 53 and note;
his doctrine of the Trinity and Logos, 55; his followers called Patripassians, 56, note; unite with the Tritheists at the Council of Nice against the Arians, 57.
SABIANS, their astronomical science and worship, vi. 214; adopt the Scrip- tures, ib.
SABINIAN supersedes Ursicinus in the conduct of the war against Sapor, ii. 410; his indolence and timidity, 411. SABINIAN, general of Anastasius, de- feated by Theodoric the Ostrogoth at Margus, v. 16.
SABINIANS, legal sect of the, v. 278. SABINUS, Flavius, cousin of Domitian, executed by him, ii. 239. SABINUS, his circular respecting the Christians in Asia, ii. 279. SACE, tribe of the, ii. 81, note. SACRIFICES, human, of the Suevi, i. 392; public, at Rome, prohibited by Theodosius, iii. 413 and note M.; human, of the Huns, iv. 195; of sheep and camels by the Arabians, vi. 212; human, of the Arabians, 213 and note S.; occasion and kinds of Arabian sacrifice, 232, note S. SACRIFICIAL KING, his dignity and functions, iii. 407.
SADDER, authority of the, i. 334, notes G. and M.
SADDUCEES, sect of, ii. 171; rejected
the immortality of the soul, 172. SADE, ABBÉ DE, character of his 'Life of Petrarch,' viii. 225.
SAFFAH, AL (or Abul Abbas), assumes the caliphate, vi. 391 and note S. SAGREDO, John, character of his History of the Ottoman Monarchs, viii. 185, note.
SAID, lieutenant of the caliph Omar,
takes Madayn, vi. 294. SAIN, Persian general, flayed alive for conducting a Roman embassy to Chosroes II., v. 397.
SAINT MARTIN, his account of the suc- cessors of Tiridates, ii. 369, note M. SAINTS, worship of, 426, sq.; restored
the reign of Polytheism, 432 sq. SALADIN, sultan, pedigree of, vii. 254; military service and conquests, ib.; character, 255; overthrows Guy de Lusignan at Hittin, 257; treatment of his prisoners, 258; takes Jerusa- lem, 259; generosity, 260; besieges Tyre, ib. retreats to Damascus, 261;
defends Jerusalem against the Crusa- ders, 264; treaty with Richard I, 266; death, 267.
SALADINE TENTH, or tax for the Holy War, vii. 267.
SALBAN taken by Heraclius, v. 404. SALERNO, School of medicine at, sprang from the Arabians, vi. 402; account of, vii. 115.
SALIAN FRANKS, permitted by Julian to remain in Toxandria, ii. 419 and note M.
SALIC laws, how composed, iv. 364 and
note; when published, 365; language of, ib. note S.; lands, tenure of, 373 and note M.
SALICES, battle of between the Goths and Romans, iii. 329.
SALLUST, officer of Julian, his character, ii. 414; made prætorian præfect in Gaul by Julian, iii. 114. SALLUST, præfect of the East, appointed by Julian judge at Chalcedon, iii. 126; his virtues, ib. and note; re- fuses the empire on the death of Julian, 216; his embassy to Sapor, 219; the diadem again offered to and refused, 233; confounded by Gibbon with Secundus, ib. note S.; Valen- tinian 1. opposes his wish to retire, 236; voluntarily resumes the præ- fecture of the East on the revolt of Procopius, 241.
SALLUST, palace of at Rome burnt by the Goths, iv. 105; site of, ib. note. SALONA, the retreat of Diocletian, de-
scribed, ii. 101; palace, 102. SALVIAN, his invectives against the Carthaginians, iv. 186; account of the rebellion of the Bagaudæ, 252, note. SAMANIDES, Saracen dynasty of the, vi. 421; vii. 147 and note.
SAMARA on the Tigris, iii. 217 and note S.; residence of the caliph Mo- tassem VI., 416 and notes. SAMARCAND conquered by the Saracens, vi. 300; manufacture of paper in, ib. and note; marriages of six of Ti mour's grandsons magnificently cele- brated at, viii. 62. SAMARITANS, Sect of described, vi. 37; rebellion of under Justinian, 38. SAMOYEDES, their manners, viii. 16. SAMUEL, the prophet, his ashes trans- ferred to Constantinople, iii. 428. SANCTUARY privilege of transferred
« ForrigeFortsett » |