TIMASIUS, master-general, ruined and banished by Eutropius, iv. 141; various accounts of his death, 142. TIMAVUS, Virgil's description of the, i. 319, note. TIME without bounds, doctrine of, when first introduced into the Per- sian religion, i. 334, note S. TIMOTHY the Cat, monk, instigates the murder of Protesius and becomes patriarch of Alexandria, vi. 30. TIMOTHY, St., his body transported to Constantinople, iii. 427.
TIMOUR or Tamerlane, massacres of, iv. 202 and note; histories of, viii. 39 and note M.; pedigree, 40; origin and meaning of his corrupted name of Tamerlane, ib. note and note M.; birth and first adventures, 41; as- cends the throne of Zagatai, 43; con- quest of Persia, ib.; of Turkestan, 44; of Kipzak, Russia, &c., 45; of Hindostan, 46; war against Bajazet, 48; letter to that sultan, 49 and note M.; invades Syria, 51; takes and sacks Aleppo, ib.; interview with the cadhis of, 52; seizes and burns Damascus, 53; burns Aleppo, ib.; invades Anatolia, 54; gains the battle of Angora, ib.; treatment of the captive Bajazet, 56; testimonies as to its harshness, 57, sq.; term of his conquests, 60; triumphal return to Samarcand, 62; march to China and death, 63; character and merits, ib.; character of his 'Institutions,' 65. TINGI, or Tangier, conquered by the Saracens, vi. 347. TIPASA, city of, Catholic miracle at during the persecution of Hunneric, iv. 336; modern illustration of, 337, note S.
TIRIDATES, Son of Chosroes, king of Armenia, escapes from the Persians, i. 403; his Roman education, ii. 78; saves the life of Licinius, 79; restored to the throne of Armenia by Diocletian, ib.; bodily strength, ib. note; invades Assyria, 81; driven from Armenia by Narses, 82; extra- ordinary escape, 83; again restored, 88; becomes a Christian, 368; iii. 24, note M.; death, ii. 363; his heir exiled, ib.
TITLES, imperial, under Diocletian, ii. 93; of honour under the empire, 304, 8q.
TITUS invested with in perial power by his father, i. 212; administration, 213. TOBOLSKOI, Mongol dynasty at, viii. 16, and note M.
TOGRUL BEG, grandson of Seljuk, elected king of the Turkmans, vii. 153; character and reign, 154; expels the Gaznevides from Persia, ib. ; a devout Mahometan, 155; delivers Cayen, caliph of Bagdad, ib.; his humility before the caliph and investiture as temporal lieutenant, 156 and note S.; affianced to Cayem's daughter, 156 and 157, note S.; death, 157. TOLBIAC, near Cologne, the Alemanni defeated at by Clovis, iv. 349. TOLEDO, Council of under Recared, de- clares the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son as well as from the Father, iv. 340; taken by the Arabs under Tarik, vi. 358; Nonius' description of, ib. note. TOLERATION, religious, happy effects of, i. 165; exceptions to, 166, note, 169; Galerius' edict of, ii. 278; Maximin's, 281, note.
TOLLIUS, his literary character, iii. 14, note.
TONGUES, gift of, ii. 178 and note M. TONGOUSES and Samoiedes, iii. 306. TONSURE, circular, what typified by the, vi. 302, note.
TOPA (masters of the earth), name as- sumed by the Sienpi, iv. 43; invade
and settle in the north of China, ib. TOPIRUS sacked by the Slavonians, v. 171.
TORISMOND, son of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, his valour at the battle of Châlons, iv. 235, 237, 238; pro- claimed king on the death of his father, 238; murdered by his brother Theodoric, 260.
TORTURE applied only to slaves by the
Romans, ii. 331; extended to citizens in cases of treason under Constantine, 332.
TOTILA elected to the Gothic throne of Italy, v. 215; his real name was Badvila, ib. note S.; defeats the Romans at Faenza, 216; reduces southern Italy, ib.; invests Rome, ib.; his virtues, 217; defences of the Tiber, 221; takes Rome, 222; his design to destroy the city averted by the remonstrance of Belisarius, 223;
occupies one of the camps of Han- nibal on Mount Garganus, ib.; fails in the attempt to recover Rome from Belisarius, 224; admitted, after his departure, by the treachery of the Isaurians, 227; ravages Sicily, re- duces Sardinia and Corsica, and harasses the coasts of Greece, 228; his navy destroyed, 230; defeated at Tagina by Narses, 234; slain by Asbad, the Gepid, ib. and note M. TOUCUSH, brother of the Sultan Malek Shah, subdues Syria and Palestine, vii. 176.
TOULOUSE, the residence of the Gothic kings, iv. 128.
TOULUNIDES, Saracen dynasty of, vi. 422.
TOULUN, descendant of Moko, conquers Tartary, iv. 43; vanquishes the Huns, 44; assumes the title of Khan or Cagan, ib.
TOURAN SHAW, sultan of Egypt, mur- dered by his Mamalukes, vii. 273. TOURNAMENTS contrasted with the
Olympic games, vii. 200. TOURS, battle of between Charles Martel and the Saracens, vi. 389. TOWERS, built by the nobles in Rome
and other Italian cities, viii. 278. Towns, walled, origin of, vii. 75. TOXANDRIA, in Brabant, occupied by the Franks, ii. 412; extent of, ib. note. TOXOTIUS, husband of Paula, lineage of, iv. 71.
TRADE, foreign, of the Romans, i. 191. TRADITORS, or Christians who deli-
vered up the Scriptures, i. 273. TRAJAN, emperor, conquers Dacia, i. 142; emulates Alexander, ib.; expe- ditions in the East, ib.; the only emperor that entered the Persian gulf, 143; encouraged military know- ledge, 148; forum and pillar, 184; his adoption by Nerva, 213; cha- racter, ib.; refuses the censorship, 383, note; his arch stripped by Con- stantine, ii. 134; his rescript regard- ing the Christians, 241; deemed by Tertullian a relaxation of the ancient penal laws, ib. note; further remarks ou, 245, notes; his bridge over the Danube, v. 78 and note.
TRAJAN, Count, assassinates Para, king of Armenia, iii. 281. TзAJAN and Profuturus, Valens' gene- rals against the Goths, iii. 328.
TRANI, siege of by Count Roger, vil 116. TRANSMIGRATION of souls, whether believed by the ancient Germans, i. 366 and note. TRANSOXIANA Conquered by the Arabs, vi. 299.
TRANSUBSTANTIATION, establishment of that doctrine, vii. 268. TREASON, cruel and unjust law of Arcadius against, iv. 142; inserted in the codes of Theodosius and Jus- tinian, 144.
TREBATIUS, his opinion of the equality of crimes, v. 276. TREBELLIANUS, rebellion of in Isauria, i. 414.
TREBIZOND taken by the Goths, i. 397; sovereignty of usurped by the de- scendants of Andronicus Comnenus, vi. 131; escapes subjection to the Turks, vii. 169; dukedom and em- pire of, 327 and note S.; yielded to the Turks by David, the last em- peror, viii. 181, 182, note M. TREVES, Gallienus at, i. 391; Sarma- tians settled at, ii. 75, notes; revolts from Magnentius, 384. TRIARIAN Goths, v. 5, note 6. TRIBIGILD, the Ostrogoth, revolt of in Phrygia, iv. 144; demands the head of Eutropius, 146; joined by Gainas, 148. TRIBONIAN, minister of Justinian, ar- raigned by the people, v. 53; his character and various erudition, 281; employed by Justinian, with nine others, to compile his Code, 282; employed, with seventeen others, to compile the Digest or Pandects, 283; his method, 284; Latinity, ib., notes. TRIBUNES, jurisdiction of the, i. 203; situation of under the empire, 204 and note S.
TRIBUNITIA POTESTAS of the emperors, i. 203, note S.
TRIBUTUM, v. Property-tax.
TRIGETIUS, his embassy to Attila, iv. 245.
TRINITY, controversy respecting the, its origin and progress, iii. 45; Platonic doctrine of, 49; term when first used, ib. note; controversy con- cerning revived at Alexandria, 53; three hypotheses, 54, sq.; explana- tion of Boethius, 55, note; decision
of the Council of Nice, 56; equal deity of the Third Person established by the Council of Constantinople, 370; interpolated text in St. John respecting, iv. 335 and notes. TRIPOD, dedicated at Delphi after the defeat of Xerxes, how preserved, ii. 298 and note.
TRIPOLI, federation of (Oca, Leptis, and Sabrata), its miserable condition under Romanus, iii. 272; its com- plaints to Valentinian frustrated by the arts of Count Romanus, ib.; its president executed, 273.
TRIPOLI, city, besieged by the Saracens under Abdallah, vi. 343. TRISAGION, hymn, religious war con- cerning, vi. 32.
TRITHEISM of the Gregories, Cyril, &c., iii. 55.
TRITHEISTS, at the Council of Nice, join the Sabellians against the Arians, iii. 57.
TRIUMPH, Diocletian's, the last cele- brated at Rome, ii. 89.
TROWSERS, a Gallic fashion, ii. 28, note.
TROY, site of, ii. 291 and note; plain
before at first designed by Constan- tine for the site of his new city, 292. TRUCE of God (Treuga Dei), probable origin of, i. 365; when and where invented, vii. 182, note. TRULI, name applied to the Goths by
the Vandals of Spain, iv. 127, note. TRUMPET, Roman, v. 142 note. TSEPHO, grandson of Esau, legend re- specting, ii. 223, note.
TUDELA, Benjamin of, his Travels,
whether genuine, vii. 14 and note M.
TUNGUSCANS described, iii. 302, note S. TUNIS besieged by Louis IX., viii. 274. TURCILINGI, probable situation of the, iv. 295, note S.
TURIN, battle of between Constantine
and the lieutenants of Maxentius, ii. 128.
TURISUND, king of the Gepida, enter- tains Alboin, the slayer of his son, v. 332.
TURKESTAN Conquered by Timour, viii. 44.
TURKS, tribes of, described, iii. 303, note S.; origin and monarchy of the, v. 172; Turks of Mount Altai and etymology of their name, ib. note S.;
their religion and laws, 174; con. quests and territorial limits, 175; their embassy to Justin II., 178 and note; alliance with the Romans, 179; offensive against the Persians, 180; their rigorous punishments, vii. 73 and note; or Turkmans, their manners and emigrations, 151; de- feat Massoud the Gaznevide at Zen- decan, and establish the Seljukian dynasty in Persia, 153; converted to Mahometanism, 154; invade the Roman empire, 157; Gelalæan æra of, 166; division of the Seljukian empire, 167; conquer Asia Minor, 168; take Jerusalem, 176; oppress the pilgrims, 177; remove their seat of government from Nice to Iconium, 239; conquer Egypt, 253; Otto- man, introduced into Europe by John Cantacuzene, 400, 403; extent of their race, viii. 2, note S.; inquiry as to their oldest historical writers, 22 and note M.; first passage into Europe, 25; fleet, ib. ; establishment in Europe, 27 and note M.; remark- able delicacy respecting their women, 50 and notes; act with the Christians against Timour, 60; reason of their abstaining from legitimate marriage, 59; extension of their name, 73; their education and discipline, ib. sq. ; take Constantinople, 171. TURPILIO, general of Honorius, iv. 67. TURPIN, archbishop of Rheims, spurious romance of approved by pope Cal- lixtus II., vii. 181 and note; by whom and when composed, ib. TUSCULUM, battle of between the Ro- mans and Frederick Barbarossa, viii. 210.
TWELVE TABLES, account of the laws of the, v. 261; on what material written, ib. and note S.; whether they included laws imported from Greece, ib. notes W. M. and S.; how far they resemble those of Solon, 262 and note; esteem of the Romans for, 263; best work on, ib. note S.; se- verity of their punishments, 316. TYANA, besieged by Aurelian, ii. 22. TYPE of Constans, imposing the law of religious silence, vi. 42.
TYRANT, ancient meaning of that term, i. 409.
TYRANTS, Roman, their contempt of decency, i. 283; thirty, 408; their
real number, 409; lists of, ib. notes M. and S.; their merits, 410; ob- scure birth, ib.; rebellion how caused, 411; violent deaths, ib.; fatal con- sequences of their usurpations, 412. TYRE, Council of, iii. 72; degrades and exiles Athanasius, 73; besieged by Saladin, vii, 260.
TYTHES instituted both by Zoroaster
and by Moses, i. 337, note: esta- blished in the Christian church by Charlemagne, vi, 172.
TZAKONES, a people of the ancient La- conia, their language and descent, vii. 10, note S.
TZETZES originated the story of the beggary of Belisarius, v. 246.
UBII of Cologne, i. 355, note. UGRI, or Hungarians, vii. 72 and note S.; not to be confounded with the Igours, ib.
UGRIA or Jugoria, original seat of the Hungarians, vii. 71, note S. UGRIANS, Finnish or Tschudish de- scribed, iii. 303, note S. UKRAINE described, i. 381. ULDIN, king of the Huns, intercepts
and slays Gainas, iv. 150; compelled to recross the Danube, 160. ULPHILAS, apostle of the Goths, iv.
322; translates the Scriptures, ib. ; his country, ib. note; invents the Maso-Gothic alphabet, 323 and note M.; missions to Constantinople, ib.; taught the Arian doctrine, 327. ULPIAN, head of Mamæa's council, i. 286; constant guest of Al. Severus, 288; murdered by the prætorians, 290; Gibbon corrected respecting this fact, ib. note W.; his work on the duties of a proconsul, ii. 316, note; his authority as a jurist, v. 379.
UMRA, species of Mahometan pilgrim- age, vi. 232, note S.
UNITARIANS, Mahometans so called, vi. 224.
UNIVERSAL HISTORY, modern, character of the history of the caliphs, vi. 284, note.
UNIVERSITIES, European, in the middle ages, viii. 107 and note.
UPSAL, temple of, i. 360, note; de- scribed, 376; destroyed by Ingo, ib.
URAIAS, nephew of Vitiges, declines the command of the Goths in favour of Hildibald, v. 215; put to death by him, ib.
URBAN II., pope, encourages the de- sign of Peter the Hermit to deliver Jerusalem, vii. 179; summons a council at Placentia, 180; anathe- matises Philip I. of France, 181; convenes the council of Clermont, 182; declines to lead the crusade, 183; his speech, ib. and note S.; his secret motives for the crusades, 205, note M.
URBAN IV., pope, publishes a crusade against the schismatic Greeks, vii.
URBAN V., pope, his haughty reception of the emperor John Palæologus, viii. 82; his temporary return to Rome from Avignon, 249.
URBAN VI., pope, disputed election of, viii. 251; excommunicated by the cardinals as an apostate and anti- christ, ib.
URSACIUS, bishop of Illyricum, intro- duces Arianism into the Latin church, iii. 62; question of his re- tractation, 76, note, and 77, note M. URSACIUS, master of the offices, occa-
sions a revolt of the Alemanni, iii. 257.
URSEL of Baliol commands the Franks and Normans in the service of Ro- manus Diogenes, vii. 160 and note. URSICINUS joins and betrays Sylvanus in Gaul, ii. 399; defends the East against Sapor, 410; removed by the eunuchs, ib.; sent back to act under Sabinian, 411; punished for the latter's misconduct, ib.
URSINI, Roman family, history of, viii.
223; Guelphs, ib.; hereditary feuds with the Colonna family, ib. URSINUS, his bloody contest with Da- masus for the see of Rome, iii. 255; banished, 256.
URSULA, St., and train of virgins, legend of, iii. 360, note.
URSULUS, the treasurer, unjustly exe- cuted by Julian, iii. 127. USURY, how practised by the Roman nobles, iv. 75 and note (v. Interest of money).
Urus, Romans defeated on the, by Attila, iv. 200.
UZBEKS, least altered from the primitive Tatars, iii. 296, note. Uzi, tribe of, 159 and note S.
VABALATHUS (or Balbatus) son of
Zenobia, ii, 22, note S. VADOMAIR, a prince of the Alemanni, entrapped and made prisoner by Julian, iii. 111; enters the Roman service, ib. note; employed by Valens in the East, 279. VALARSACES, æra of, ii. 79, note; first
of the Arsacides, ib. ; when appointed king of Armenia, iv. 170, note. VALDRADA, wife or concubine of Lo- thaire II., vii. 25.
VALENS, general of the Illyrian fron- tier, made Cæsar by Licinius, ii. 140; put to death, 141. VALENS associated in the empire by his
brother Valentinian I., iii. 236; his mediocrity and attachment to Valen- tinian, ib.; appointed to the empire of the East, 237; abject fear at the revolt of Procopius, 241; character contrasted with that of Valentinian, 245; fiscal administration, 248; de- clares for the Arians, 250; baptism, ib.; ecclesiastical government, ib.; just idea of his persecution, 251; transactions with archbishop Basil, 252; edict against the monks, ib.; assists Sauromaces, king of the Ibe- rians, 279; treacherous behaviour towards Para, son of that monarch, 280, sqq.; negociations and war with the Goths, 285, sq.; residence at An- tioch, 319; grants the Visigoths, after their overthrow by the Huns, a settlement in Thrace, 320; forbids the Ostrogoths to pass the Danube, 322; marches against the rebellious Visigoths, 328; defeated by Fritigern at Hadrianople, 336; death, ib. VALENS, bishop of Illyricum, introduces Arianism into the Latin Church, iii. 62.
VALENS, Arian bishop of Mursa, artful conduct towards Constantius II., iii. 66; question of his retractation, 76, note, and 77, note M.
VALENTIA, new province in Britain settled by Theodosius, iii. 271. VALENTIA, city of, destroyed by Adol- phus, iv. 123.
VALENTIN, general, espouses the cause of the children of Constantine III., vi. 73. VALENTINIAN I. elected Emperor, iii. 233; origin and character, ib. and note M.; genealogical table, ib., note S.; intrepid address to the troops, 235; associates his brother Valens, 236; reforms the administration, ib. ; divides the empire into East and West, 237; assigns the East to Va- lens, ib.; resides at Milan, ib.; punishes the crime of magic, 242; his character contrasted with that of Valens, 245; his cruelty, 246; his favourite bears, ib.; care for the public interest, 247; establishes schools at Rome, Constantinople, &c., ib.; institutes defensors or tribunes, 248; his universal religious tolera- tion, 249; edict against clerical ava- rice, 253; war with the Alemanni, 257; punishes the Batavians for losing their standard, ib.; invades Germany, 259; defeats the Ale- manni at Mount Solicinium, 260; exhibits triumphal games at Trèves, ib.; fortifies the Rhine, ib.; and Neckar, ib. note M.; his mechanical skill, 261 and note; deceives the Burgundians, 262; gains over Ma- crianus, prince of the Alemanni, ib.; despatches Palladius to inquire into the state of Africa, 272; condemns the president of Tripoli and others to death, 273; war with the Quadi and Sarmatians, 287; marches to Sir- mium, 289; interview with a Cynic, ib.; inroad on the Quadi, ib.; winters at Bregetio, 290; singular death, ib. ; defended from the charge of poly- gamy, ib. sq.
VALENTINIAN II., son of Valentinian and Justina, saluted emperor by the soldiers, iii. 292; after the death of Gratian, confirmed in the sovereignty of Italy, Africa, and Western Illyri- cum, 362; expelled by Maximus, 382; restored by Theodosius, 396; who adds the countries beyond the Aps, ib.; character of Valentinian, ib.; murdered by Arbogastes, 397. VALENTINIAN III., an infant, installed
« ForrigeFortsett » |