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CH. III. OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE AGE
He reforms the Senate
Resigns his usurped Power
Is prevailed upon to resume it under the Title of Emperor, or
General
Power of the Roman Generals
Lieutenants of the Emperor
Division of the Provinces between the Emperor and the Senate
The former preserves his military Command and Guards, in
Rome itself.
Consular and Tribunitian Powers
Imperial Prerogatives
The Magistrates
The Senate
General Idea of the Imperial System
Court of the Emperors
Deification
81
82
83
84
A.D.
PAGE
Memory of Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, and Domitian
Peculiar Misery of the Romans under their Tyrants
Insensibility of the Orientals.
109
110
Knowledge and free Spirit of the Romans
Extent of their Empire left them no Place of Refuge.
CH. IV. THE CRUELTY, FOLLIES, AND MURDER OF COMMODUS.—ELEC-
TION OF PERTINAX.- HIS ATTEMPTS TO REFORM THE STATE-HIS
ASSASSINATION BY THE PRÆTORIAN GUARDS.
Indulgence of Marcus
To his Wife Faustina
To his Son Commodus
180. Accession of the Emperor Commodus
Character of Commodus
His Return to Rome
183. Is wounded by an Assassin
Hatred and Cruelty of Commodus towards the Senate
The Quintilian Brothers
186. The Minister Perennis
Revolt of Maternus
The Minister Cleander .
His Avarice and Cruelty
189. Sedition and Death of Cleander
Dissolute Pleasures of Commodus
His Ignorance and low Sports
Commodus displays his Skill in the Amphitheatre
Hunting of Wild Beasts
Acts as a Gladiator
The Memory of Commodus declared infamous
Legal Jurisdiction of the Senate over the Emperors
Virtues of Pertinax
CH. V.-PUBLIC SALE OF THE EMPIRE TO DIDIUS JULIANUS BY THR
PRÆTORIAN GUARDS.-CLODIUS ALBINUS IN BRITAIN, PESCENNIUS NIGER
IN SYRIA, AND SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS IN PANNONIA, DECLARE AGAINST
THE MURDERERS OF PERTINAX.-CIVIL WARS AND VICTORY OF SEVERUS
OVER HIS THREE RIVALS.-RELAXATION OF DISCIPLINE.-NEW MAXIMS
OF GOVERNMENT.
A.C.
Proportion of the Military Force to the Number of the People 134
The Prætorian Guards
135
193. It is purchased by Julian
138
Julian is acknowledged by the Senate
Takes possession of the Palace
139
The Public Discontent
140
The Armies of Britain, Syria, and Pannonia declare against
Arts of Severus
Is deserted by the Prætorians
Is condemned and executed by Order of the Senate
Disgrace of the Prætorian Guards
Funeral and Apotheosis of Pertinax
193-197. Success of Severus against Niger and against Albinus
Conduct of the two Civil Wars
Towards Niger
Towards Albinus
Event of the Civil Wars
147
148
149
150
Decided by one or two Battles
153
154
155
Animosity of Severus against the Senate.
The Wisdom and Justice of his Government
General Peace and Prosperity
Relaxation of Military Discipline
New Establishment of the Prætorian Guards
156
157
158
159
CH. VI. THE DEATH OF SEVERUS.-TYRANNY OF CARACALLA.-USURPA-
TION OF MACRINUS.-FOLLIES OF ELAGABALUS.-VIRTUES OF ALEX-
ANDER SEVERUS.-LICENTIOUSNESS OF THE ARMY.-GENERAL STATE OF
THE ROMAN FINANCES.
Greatness and Discontent of Severus
His Wife the Empress Julia
Their two Sons, Caracalla and Geta.
Their mutual Aversion to each other
Three Emperors
208. The Caledonian War
Fingal and his Heroes
Contrast of the Caledonians and the Romans
Ambition of Caracalla
211. Death of Severus, and Accession of his two Sons
Jealousy and Hatred of the two Emperors
162
163
164
165
166
167
Fruitless Negotiation for Dividing the Empire between them 168
212. Murder of Geta
169
Remorse and Cruelty of Caracalla
170
Death of Papinian
171
213. His Tyranny extended over the whole Empire
Relaxation of Discipline
217. Murder of Caracalla
Imitation of Alexander.
172
173
174
176
Election and Character of Macrinus
Discontent of the Senate
of the Army
Macrinus attempts a Reformation of the Army
Death of the Empress Julia
Education, Pretensions, and Revolt of Elagabalus, called at
His profligate and effeminate Luxury
Contempt of Decency, which distinguished the Roman Tyrants 186
Discontents of the Army
221. Alexander Severus declared Cæsar
222. Sedition of the Guards, and Murder of Elagabalus
Accession of Alexander Severus
Power of his Mother Mamæa.
His Wise and Moderate Administration
Education and virtuous Temper of Alexander
Journal of his ordinary Life
He attempts to reform the Army
196
Seditions of the Prætorian Guards, and Murder of Ulpian
The Freedom of the City given to all Provincials for the
Purpose of Taxation
Temporary Reduction of the Tribute
Consequences of the universal Freedom of Rome
CH. VII-
-THE ELEVATION AND TYRANNY OF MAXIMIN.-REBELLION IN
AFRICA AND ITALY, UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SENATE.-CIVIL
WARS AND SEDITIONS.-VIOLENT DEATHS OF MAXIMIN AND HIS SON,
OF MAXIMUS AND BALBINUS, AND OF THE THREE GORDIANS.-USURPA-
TION AND SECULAR GAMES OF PHILIP.
The apparent Ridicule and solid Advantages of Hereditary
Succession.
212
214
Want of it in the Roman Empire productive of the greatest