as DF to FE; and by conversion *, AC is to AB, as DF to DE: wherefore because AC is to each of the magnitudes AB, BC, as DF to each of the others DE, EF; the ratio of AC to each of the magnitudes AB, BC, is given *. PROP. VIII. If a given magnitude be divided into two parts which have a given ratio to one another, and if a fourth proportional can be found to the sum of the two magnitudes by which the given ratio is exhibited, one of them, and the given magnitude; each of the parts is given. Let the given magnitude AB be divided into the parts AC, CB, which have a given ratio to one another; if a fourth proportional can be found to the above-named magnitudes; AC and CB are each of them given. A с в D FE Because the ratio of AC to CB is given, the ratio of AB to BC is given *, therefore a ratio, which is the same with it, can be found *; let this be the ratio of the given magnitudes, DE, EF: and because the given magnitude AB has to BC the given ratio of DE to EF, if unto DE, EF, AB, a fourth proportional can be found, this which is BC is given *; and because AB is given, the other part AC is given * In the same manner, and with the like limitation, if the difference AC of two magnitudes AB, BC, which have a given ratio be given; each of the magnitudes AB, BC, is given. PROP. IX. Magnitudes which have given ratios to the same magnitude, have also a given ratio to one another. Let A, C, have each of them a given ratio to B; A has a given ratio to C. Because the ratio of A to B is given, a ratio which is the same to it may be found *; let this be the ratio of the given magnitudes D, E: and because the ratio ABCDEH * 2 Def. F G 19 * 2 Def. pro the same with it, has been found: but if a fourth portional to F, G, E, cannot be found, then it can only be said that the ratio of A to C is compounded of the ratios of A to B, and B to C, that is, of the given ratios of D to E, and F to G. PROP. X. If two or more magnitudes have given ratios to one another, and if they have given ratios, though they be not the same, to some other magnitudes: these other magnitudes shall also have given ratios to one another. Let two or more magnitudes A, B, C, have given ratios to one another; and let them have given ratios, though they be not the same, to some other magnitudes D, E, F: the magnitudes D, E, F, have given ratios to one another, Because the ratio of A to B is given, and likewise the ratio of A to D; therefore the ratio of 9. A D D to B is given*; but * 9 Dat. given and because the ratio of B to C is given, and also the ratio of B to E; the ratio of E to C is given *: and the ratio of C 9 Dat. to F is given; wherefore the ratio of E to F is given; D, E, F, have therefore given ratios to one another. 22. * 9 Dat. *7 Dat. * 9 Dat. 23. See N. * 19.5. * 9 Dat. 6 Dat. 9 Dat. * 6 Dat. 9 Dat. * Cor. 6. Dat. 10 Dat. PROP. XI. If two magnitudes have each of them a given ratio to another magnitude, both of them together shall have a given ratio to that other. A B C Let the magnitudes AB, BC, have a given ratio to the magnitude D, AC has a given ratio to the same D. Because AB, BC, have each of them a given ratio to D, the ratio of AB to BC is given and by composition, the ratio of AC to CB is given*: but the ratio of BC D to D is given therefore the ratio of AC to D is given. PROP. XII. If the whole have to the whole a given ratio, and the parts have to the parts given, but not the same, ratios: every one of them, whole or part, shall have to every one a given ratio. Let the whole AB have a given ratio to the whole CD, and the parts AE, EB, have given, but not the same, ratios to the parts CF, FD: every one shall have to every one, whole or part, a given ratio. A C F Ꭼ G D B * Because the ratio of AE to CF is given; as AE to CF, so make AB to CG; the ratio therefore of AB to CG is given wherefore the ratio of the remainder EB to the remainder FG is given, because it is the same with the ratio of AB to CG: and the ratio of EB to FD is given, wherefore the ratio of FD to FG is given*; and, by conversion, the ratio of FD to DG is given*: and because AB has to each of the magnitudes CD, CG, a given ratio, the ratio of CD to CG is given*, and therefore* the ratio of CD to DG is given: but the ratio of GD to DF is given, wherefore* the ratio of CD to DF is given, and consequently* the ratio of CF to FD is given; but the ratio of CF to AE is given, as also the ratio of FD to EB; wherefore* the ratio of AE to EB is given; as also the ratio of AB to each of them *. The ratio therefore of every one to every one is given. PROP. XIII. * 7 Dat. 24. If the first of three proportional straight lines have a given See N. ratio to the third, the first shall also have a given ratio to the second. Let A, B, C, be three proportional straight lines, that is, as A to B, so is B to C; if A has to Ča given ratio, A shall also have to B a given ratio. Because the ratio of A to C is given, a ratio which is the same with it may be found*: let this be the 2 Def. ratio of the given straight lines D, E; and between D and E find a * mean proportional F; therefore the * 13. 6. rectangle contained by D and E is equal to the square of F, and the rectangle D, E, is given, because its sides D, E, are given; wherefore the square of F, and the straight line F is given: and because, as A is to C, so is D to E; but as A to C, so is the square of A to the square of B; and as D to E, so is* the square of D to the square of F: therefore the square* of A is to the square of B, as the square of D to the square of F: as therefore the straight line A to the straight line B, so is the straight line D to the straight line F; therefore the ratio of A to B is given*, because the ratio of the given straight * A 2 Cor. 20. 6. B C D FE lines D, F, which is the same with it, has been found. PROP. XIV. * 2 Cor. 20. 6. * 11. 5. *22.6. * 2 Def. A. If a magnitude, together with a given magnitude, have a See N. given ratio to another magnitude; the excess of this other magnitude above a given magnitude, has a given ratio to the first magnitude: and if the excess of a magnitude above a given magnitude have a given ratio to another magnitude; this other magnitude, together with a given magnitude, has a given ratio to the first magnitude. Let the magnitude AB, together with the given magnitude BE, that is AE, have a given ratio to the 2 Dat. * 19. 5. magnitude CD: the excess of CD above a given magnitude has a given ratio to AB. A BE C F D Because the ratio of AE to CD is given; as AE to CD, so make BE to FD; therefore the ratio of BE to FD is given, and BE is given; wherefore FD is given*: and because as AE to CD, so is BE to FD, the remainder AB is to the remainder CF, as AF to CD: but the ratio of AE to CD is given; therefore the ratio of AB to CF is given; that is, CF, the excess of CD above the given magnitude FD, has a given ratio to AB. * Next, let the excess of the magnitude AB above the given magnitude BE, that is, let AE have a given ratio to the magnitude CD; CD together with a given magnitude has a given ratio to AB. Because the ratio of AE to CD is given; as AE to CD so make BE to FD; there fore the ratio of BE to FD is A Е В C DF 2 Dat. * 12. 5. B. See N. * 2 Dat. *2 given, and BE is given; where fore FD is given*: and because, PROP. XV. If a magnitude, together with that to which another magnitude has a given ratio, be given; the sum of this other, and that to which the first magnitude has a given ratio, is given. Let AB, CD, be two magnitudes, of which AB, together with BE, to which CD has a given ratio, is given; CD is given, together with that magnitude to which AB has a given ratio. Because the ratio of CD to BE is given; as BE to CD so make AE to FD; therefore the ratio of AE to FD is given, and AE is given, wherefore* FD is given: and because as BE to CD, so is A В Е CD *Cor. 19.5. AE to FD: AB is to FC, as |