Mention the verb in each sentence, and tell what word modifies its meaning.

A word that modifies the meaning of a verb is called an adverb. Sometimes an adverb is used to modify the meaning of an adjective; as,

1. It is a very cold day.

2. The sleeve is too short.

Sometimes an adverb is used to modify the meaning of another adverb; as,

1. How gently the rain falls!

2. Do not walk so fast.

An adverb is a word that modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

EXERCISE I.

Mention the adverbs in the following sentences, and tell what each modifies: ~. P. n. V. a. ad.

I. She passed hastily down the street.

2. She turned, and looked back.

3. How hard a lesson it is to wait!

4. How silently the snow falls!

5. The common wild birds of the woods were everywhere.

6. Faster and faster we sped.

7. The shower soon passed.

8. The statement is perfectly correct.

9. But we steadfastly gazed on the face that was dead, And we bitterly thought of the morrow. - WOLFE.

10. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight.

-GRAY.

EXERCISE II.

1. Write five sentences containing adverbs modifying verbs. 2. Write three sentences containing adverbs modifying adjectives.

3. Write two sentences containing adverbs modifying adverbs.

LESSON VIII.

PREPOSITIONS.

Point out the words in the following sentences that show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word:

1. They sailed up the river.

2. No one spoke to him.

3. The clock in the steeple struck three.

4. She is fond of music.

A word used with a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence is called a preposition; as,

The leaves fell to the ground.

The noun or pronoun before which the preposition is placed is called its object; as,

The boat is on the shore.

The preposition usually joins a noun or pronoun to a verb, an adjective, or another noun; as,

1. He lived [verb] by the river.

2. They are ready [adjective] for battle.
3. It is a book [noun] of selections.

EXERCISE I.

Mention the prepositions in the following sentences, tell between what words each shows a relation, and name its object:

v.adu.

I. A fair little girl sat under a tree.

2. The dining-table stood in the centre of the room.

3. The boy was pleased at the prospect of taking a long journey.

At midnight I was aroused by the tramp of horses' hoofs in the yard.

5. The habits of our American cuckoo are extremely interesting.

6. Into the street the Piper stept. (7. They were eager for the contest.

8.

Every day the starving poor

Crowded around Bishop Hatto's door. - SOUTHEY.

9. Like the leaves of the forest, when summer is green, 'That host with their banners at sunset were seen.

10.

I see the lights of the village

Gleam through the rain and the mist.

EXERCISE II.

1. Write five sentences, each containing a preposition expressing a relation between a verb and a noun or a pronoun.

2. Write five sentences, each containing a preposition expressing a relation between two nouns.

3. Write three sentences, each containing a preposition expressing a relation between an adjective and a noun.

LESSON IX.

CONJUNCTIONS.

Point out the words in the following examples, that connect sentences or similar parts of the same sentence :

1. The walls are high, and the shores are steep.

2. They came, but they did not stay.

3. Slowly and sadly we laid him down.

We have been friends together,

In sunshine and in shade.

A word that connects sentences or similar parts of the same sentence is called a conjunction.

EXERCISE I.

Point out the conjunctions in the following sentences, and tell what each connects:

1. The floods came, and the winds blew.

2. Freely we serve, because we freely love.

3. He reached the well, but nobody was there.

4. The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,

And leaves the world to darkness and to me.GRAY.

5. She must weep, or she will die. -TENNYSON.

6. The very flames danced and capered in the polished

grate.

Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish, I give my heart and my hand to this vote. — DANIEL Webster.

8. Three years she grew in sun and shower. — WORDSWORTH. The waves beside them danced; but they

9.

Outdid the sparkling waves in glee. -WORDSWORTH. 10. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.

BIBLE.

EXERCISE II.

Write sentences containing conjunctions connecting

I. Two sentences.

2. Two nouns.

3. Two adjectives.

4. Two verbs.

5. Two adverbs.

LESSON X.

INTERJECTIONS.

What words in the following sentences form no part of either sub

ject or predicate ?

1. Alas! we have delayed too long.

2. Hark! was that a knock?

3. Hurrah! the foes are moving.