Example V.-How he could run!

Could is a defective verb, transitive, indicative mode, past tense, used with the subject he.

Run is the present infinitive of the irregular verb run run, ran, run. It is intransitive, object of the verb could.

Example VI.—If I should go, I could do your errand.

Could is a defective verb, transitive, subjunctive mode, past tense, used with the subject I.

Do is the present infinitive of the irregular verb do do, did, done. It is transitive, active voice, object of the verb could.

Example VII.—The greatest curiosity of the study remains to be mentioned; it was a ponderous folio volume, bound in black leather.

To be mentioned is the present infinitive, passive, of the transitive verb mention. It depends on the verb remains.

Bound is the perfect participle, passive, of the irregular, transitive verb bind. It modifies the noun volume.

EXERCISE I.

Parse the verbs in the following sentences:

1. Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. 2. Now stir the fire, and close the shutters fast. — CowPER. 3. The ship is sinking beneath the tide. -SOUTHEY.

4. I have been young, and now am old, yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken. — BIBLE.

5.

There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune;

Omitted, all the voyage of their life

Is bound in shallows and in miseries.

6. The broad sun above laughed a pitiless laugh.
7. The Americans were sheltered by an intervening wood.

8.

Some murmur when their sky is clear

And wholly bright to view,

If one small speck of dark appear

In their great heaven of blue. — TRENCH.

9. I dreamed to-night that I did feast with Cæsar.

10. We had had no water since our daylight breakfast; our lunch on the mountain had been moistened only by the fog.-C. D. WARNER.

EXERCISE II.

Parse the verbs, the infinitives, and the participles in the following sentences: —

I. I rose softly, opened the door suddenly, and beheld one of the most beautiful little fairy groups that a painter could imagine, - IRVING.

2. Let us enter and pass up the staircase. — HAWTHORNE.

3. In this way they expected to ruin all the merchants, and starve the poor people, by depriving them of employ

4. Let me move slowly through the street. — Bryant.

5 The country was to be defended, and to be saved, before it could be enjoyed. - WEBSTER.

6. We cannot look, however imperfectly, upon a great man without gaining something by him. -CARlyle.

7. In an attitude imploring,

Hands upon his bosom crossed,
Wondering, worshipping, adoring,

Knelt the Monk in rapture lost. LONGFELLOW.

8. The rattle of drums, beaten out of all manner of time, was heard above every other sound. — HAWTHORNE.

9. Whatever may be our fate, be assured that this declaration will stand. It may cost treasure, and it may cost blood; but it will stand, and it will richly compensate for both.

10. You may break, you may shatter the vase, if you will, But the scent of the roses will hang round it still.

. For men must work, and women must weep,
Though storms be sudden, and waters deep.

12. The burden laid upon me

Seemed greater than I could bear.

13. Modern majesty consists in work.

What a man can

do is his greatest ornament, and he always consults his dignity by doing it. — CARLYLe.

14. The pine, placed nearly always among scenes disordered and desolate, brings into them all possible elements of order and precision. Lowland trees may lean to this side and that, though it is but a meadow breeze that bends them, or a bank of cowslips from which their trunks lean aslope. But let storm and avalanche do their worst, and let the pine find only a ledge of vertical precipice to cling to, it will nevertheless grow straight. — RUSKIN.

LESSON LXI.

REVIEW OF VERBS.

Define a verb. What is a transitive verb? What is an intransitive verb? Mention a word that may be a transitive verb in one sentence, and an intransitive verb in another.

What inflections have verbs? What is meant by voice? How many voices are there? What does each denote? How is the passive voice formed?

What is meant by mode? How many modes are there? Define, and give examples of each.

What is tense? Name the three leading tenses.

Which tenses are indicated by inflection and which by the aid of other verbs? What person-forms has the verb? What number-forms?

participle differ from the verb?

How do the infinitive and the How do they differ from each other? Which part of speech is the infinitive most like? The participle? Mention four different verbal forms ending in ing, and state the characteristics of each.

What are the principal parts of a verb? What is a regular verb? An irregular verb? Mention a verb that has both regular and irregular forms. Name a verb that has the same form for the present tense, the past tense, and the perfect participle.

What is meant by conjugating a verb?

When is a verb said to be used as an auxiliary? Mention three verbs that may be used as either independent or auxiliary verbs, and give examples of each use. What auxiliary is used in forming the passive voice? Which of the auxiliaries are tense auxiliaries?

How are they used?

J

Point out the adverbs in the following sentences, and tell what each expresses:

1. Now came still evening on.

2. Ah! then and there was hurrying to and fro. 3. Days brightly came and calmly went.

4. It is a very difficult task.

I. Adverbs may be classified according to their meaning. Thus

1. Adverbs that show when or how often are called adverbs of time; as, now, then, to-day, yesterday, early, presently, soon, always, often, once, twice, daily, again.

2. Adverbs that show where are called adverbs of place; as, here, there, hither, thither, hence, thence, somewhere, yonder, above, below, up, down, away, off, far.

The word there is not always an adverb of place. Sometimes it is used merely to introduce a sentence, in order that the verb may be placed before its subject. When it is used to introduce a sentence in this manner, it is called an expletive; as, —

There [expletive] was a sound of revelry by night.

There [adverb of place] groups of merry children played.

3. Adverbs that show how are called adverbs of manner; as, well, ill, badly, slowly, quickly, clearly, together, so, thus.

4. Adverbs that show how much are called adverbs of degree; as, very, much, little, only, almost, enough, quite, too, so, as.

5. Adverbs that express certainty or uncertainty are called modal adverbs; as, indeed, verily, possibly, perhaps.