9. Ere I go, you must consent. 10. Think, before you speak.

II. Still waters run deep.
12. We look before and after.

13. The down train is late.

14. He had experienced many ups and downs in life. 15. Up went the steps, bang went the door, round whirled the wheels, and off they rattled.

16. We talked about the trees.

17.

On right, on left, above, below,

Sprung up at once the lurking foe.

18. The very village was altered.

19. Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thy house.

2. Write sentences containing the following words used as verbs:

stand,

fear,

paper, ring, water.

3. Write sentences containing the following words used as adverbs:

to-morrow, after, before, since, over.

4. Write sentences containing the following words used as prepositions:

till,

before, after,

over,

for.

To the Teacher.

- Give additional exercises, if they are needed, to impress the fact, that it is not the form of a word, but the part it performs in a sentence, that determines what part of speech the word is.

Point out in the following sentences (1) the nouns that name special persons or things, (2) the nouns that apply to every one of a class of persons or things:

1. In the early twilight of Thanksgiving Eve came Laurence, and Clara, and Charley, and little Alice, hand in hand, and stood in a semicircle round Grandfather's chair. - HAWTHORNE.

2. There groups of merry children played.

3. The robin and the wren are flown. BRYANT.

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A name that belongs to an individual person or thing is called a proper noun; as, Clarence, New York, Thursday, Lake George. Proper nouns and words derived from them should begin with capital letters. When a proper noun is made

up of two or more words, each word should generally begin with a capital letter.

A name that applies to every one of a class of persons or things is called a common noun; as, boy, city, day, lake.

EXERCISE I.

Write sentences containing

I. The name of a class of animals.

2. The name of a class of flowers.

3. The name of a class of buildings.
4. The name of a special building.
5. The name of a special city.

6. The name of a special river.

7. The name of an individual soldier.

8. The name of an individual poet.

9. The name of a special battle.

10. The name of a special book.

Collective Nouns.

Point out the nouns in the following sentences that name collec、 tions of persons or things, and tell of what each collection is composed:

1. The speaker was afraid to face the audience. 2. The Assembly adjourned at twelve o'clock. 3. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. - GRAY. 4. There is no flock, however watched and tended, But one dead lamb is there.-LONGFELLOW.

5. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation?-PATRICK HENRY.

A noun which in the singular names a collection of persons or things is called a collective noun; as, family, jury, swarm.

EXERCISE II.

Write sentences containing words used to name a collection of

ships, soldiers, sailors, wolves,

sheep, chickens.

Abstract Nouns.

Mention each word in the following examples that names the quality or condition of a person or thing; as,

The length of a river.

The bravery of the soldier.
The growth of the plant.

A noun that names a quality, action, or condition of a person or thing, apart from the person or thing itself, is called an abstract noun; as, goodness, happiness.

An abstract noun that names an action is sometimes called a verbal noun; as, walking, singing.

1. From adjectives; as, brightness from bright; honesty from honest; patience from patient.

2. From verbs; as, belief from believe; singing from sing.

3. From nouns; as, childhood from child; knavery from knave.