The second person singular is no longer in common use. It is

now chiefly used in prayer and in poetry; as,

1. Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me.

2. I see in thy gentle eyes a tear;

They turn to me in sorrowful thought;

Thou thinkest of friends, the good and dear,

Who were for a time, and now are not. — BRYANT.

The plural pronoun you is used, in ordinary speech, whether one or more than one person is addressed; as,

1. You are merry, my lord. — SHAKESPEARE.

2. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men.

SHAKESPEARE.

The pronoun of the masculine gender is generally used to refer to

a noun which may denote a person of either sex; as,

Each pupil must provide his own material.

The pronoun of the masculine gender is also used in referring to animals or things that are supposed to possess masculine qualities, and the pronoun of the feminine gender is used in referring to animals or things to which feminine qualities are attributed; as,

1. The eagle soars above his nest.

2. Earth, with her thousand voices, praises God. — COLERIDGE.

The pronoun of the neuter gender is often used to refer to animals or to young children, in cases where the sex is not considered; as,

The deer raised its head.

The infant knew its name.

The possessive forms my, thy, her, our, your, and their are used with nouns, and the forms mine, thine, hers, ours, yours, and theirs are used when no noun follows the possessive; as,

This is my book.

The book is mine.

Mine and thine are sometimes used for my and thy, before words beginning with a vowel sound; as,

Bow down thine ear.

I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills.

WRITTEN EXERCISE.

Copy the following sentences, and underline the pronouns and the nouns to which they refer. Explain the use of each pronoun: 1. Every person should strive to do his best.

2. The lion springs upon his prey.

3. The moon is at her full.

4.

How glorious, through his depths of light,
Rolls the majestic sun!

5. The deer left her delicate foot-print in the soft mould.

6. The bear broke away from his keeper.

8.

The sea is mighty, but a mightier sways

His restless billows.

The merry lark, he soars on high,
No worldly thought o'ertakes him;
He sings aloud to the clear blue sky,
And the daylight that awakes him.
As sweet a lay, as loud, as gay,

The nightingale is trilling;

With feeling bliss, no less than his,
Her little heart is thrilling.

9. The child closed its eyes.

IO. The camel kneels to receive its burden.

II. The year is going, let him go.

LESSON XXVI.

COMPOUND PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

Tell how the italicized pronouns in the following sentences are formed, and how each is used:

1. The boy hurt himself.

2. We often deceive ourselves.
3. I myself heard the remark.

The pronouns my, our, thy, your, him, her, it, and them are used with self or selves to form compound personal pronouns.

These compound pronouns are sometimes used as reflexives, that is, as objects denoting the same person or thing as the subject of the verb; as,

I let myself down with a rope.

They are also used to express emphasis; as,

Tell the person, number, gender, and case of each pronoun in the following exercises:

1. Something frightened the little animal, and it scampered far away through the woods.

2. I listened with suspended breath, but not a sound came to my ears.

3. Then they praised him, soft and low. - TENNYSON.

4. My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.- BIBLE.

5. He then led me to the highest pinnacle of the rock.

- ADDISON.

6. Give SHAKESPEARE.

every man thine ear, but few thy voice. —

7. It is excellent discipline for an author to feel that he must say all he has to say in the fewest possible words.

RUSKIN.

8. Boast not thyself of to-morrow;

For thou knowest not what a day may bring forth.

— BIBLE.

LESSON XXVII.

ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS.

Which of the italicized words below are used as adjectives? Which are used as pronouns ?

1. Many tickets were sold.

2. Many were unable to secure seats.

3. Look at this clock.

4. This is sold.

Certain words can be used to limit nouns or to stand for nouns. When such words are used with nouns, they are called adjectives; when they stand for nouns they are called adjective pronouns. Sometimes there is a difference of form; as, no (adj.), none (pro.); other (adj.), others (pro.).

The principal words used as adjective pronouns are all, another, any, both, each, either, few, many, neither, none, one, other, several, some, this, these, that, those.