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ἤτοι μαθόντες γε ἢ μεταγνόντες τὸ τῆς πόλεως ξύμπασι κοινὸν αὔξετε, ἡγησάμενοι τοῦτο μὲν ἂν καὶ ἴσον καὶ πλέον οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ὑμῶν ἤπερ τὸ τῆς πόλεως πλῆθος μετασχεῖν, εἰ δ ̓ ἄλλα βουλήσεσθε, καὶ τοῦ παντὸς κινδυνεῦσαι στερηθῆναι· καὶ τῶν τοιῶνδε ἀγγελιῶν ὡς πρὸς αἰσθομένους καὶ μὴ ἐπιτρέψοντας ἀπαλλάγητε. ἡ γὰρ πόλις ἥδε, καὶ εἰ ἔρχονται ̓Αθηναῖοι, ἀμυνεῖται αὐτοὺς ἀξίως αὐτῆς, καὶ στρατηγοί εἰσιν ἡμῖν οἱ σκέψονται αὐτά· καὶ εἰ μή τι αὐτῶν ἀληθές ἐστιν, ὥσπερ οὐκ οἴομαι, οὐ πρὸς τὰς ὑμετέρας ἀγγελίας καταπλαγεῖσα καὶ ἑλομένη ὑμᾶς ἄρχοντας αὐθαίρετον δουλείαν ἐπιβαλεῖται, αὐτὴ δ ̓ ἐφ ̓ αὑτῆς σκοποῦσα τούς τε λόγους ἀφ ̓ ὑμῶν ὡς ἔργα δυναμένους κρινεῖ καὶ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἐλευθερίαν οὐχὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἀκούειν ἀφαιρεθήσεται, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἔργῳ φυλασσομένη μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν πειράσεται σώζειν.”

CH. XLI. One of the generals ends the discussion, by advising sundry precautions.

ΤΟΙΑΥΤΑ μὲν 'Αθηναγόρας εἶπεν, τῶν δὲ στρατηγῶν εἷς ἀναστὰς ἄλλον μὲν οὐδένα ἔτι εἴασε παρελθεῖν, αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ἔλεξε τοιάδε. “ διαβολὰς μὲν οὐ σῶφρον οὔτε λέγειν τινὰς ἐς ἀλλήλους οὔτε τοὺς ἀκούοντας ἀποδέχεσθαι, πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἐσαγγελλόμενα μᾶλλον ὁρᾶν, ὅπως εἷς τε ἕκαστος καὶ ἡ

XL. ἤτοι μαθόντες] Cf. ch. 34, sub κρύφα γε. For μεταγνόντες see ch. 17. τοῦτο μὲν ἄν καὶ ἴσον μετασχεῖν] ‘Thinking, the nobles amongst you, that you would have a fair and even larger share of this prosperity.' A neuter of a pronoun, with a verb usually governing a genitive of a noun, is not unprecedented. Οἱ ἀγαθοί is used, instead of τοὺς ἀγαθούς, because he addresses them. With κινδυνεῦσαι repeat dν.

καὶ εἰ ἔρχονται] ‘even on the supposition that the Athenians are coming,' εἰ καὶ ἔρχονται would be, ‘if they are even coming,' although they are coming,' cf. ch. II.

εἰ μή τι αὐτῶν] Not, if any of these reports be not true,' because he thought

them not partially, but entirely false: but, if the case be not, that so much as a small portion of this is true,' i. e. 'if none of these reports be true.' The other rendering would require εἴ τι μή. After ὥσπερ οὐκ οἴομαι supply τι αὐτῶν ἀληθὲς εἶναι.

ὡς ἔργα δυναμένους] words, as on your part, typical of what your actions would be,' i. e. 'will consider your false words as symbolical of your falseness of heart.'

ἀφαιρεθήσεται] see on ch. 27.

μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν] sc. τὰ πράγματα, putting affairs in your hands. Φυλασσομένη is in the nominative, because it refers to the subject of πειράσεται.

ξύμπασα πόλις καλῶς τοὺς ἐπιόντας παρασκευασόμεθα ἀμύνε σθαι. καὶ ἢν ἄρα μηδὲν δεήσῃ, οὐδεμία βλάβη τοῦ γε τὸ κοινὸν κοσμηθῆναι καὶ ἵπποις καὶ ὅπλοις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις οἷς ὁ πόλεμος ἀγάλλεται. τὴν δ ̓ ἐπιμέλειαν καὶ ἐξέτασιν αὐτῶν ἡμεῖς ἕξομεν, καὶ τῶν πρὸς τὰς πόλεις διαπομπῶν ἅμα ἔς τε κατασκοπὴν καὶ ἤν τι ἄλλο φαίνηται ἐπιτήδειον. τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐπιμεμελήμεθα ἤδη, καὶ ὅ τι ἂν αἰσθώμεθα ἐς ὑμᾶς οἴσομεν.” καὶ οἱ μὲν Συρακόσιοι τοσαῦτα εἰπόντος τοῦ στρατηγοῦ διε λύθησαν ἐκ τοῦ ξυλλόγου.

CH. XLII., XLIII. Review of the Athenian fleet at Corcyra: an advanced squadron despatched to reconnoitre: statistics of the armament.

ΟΙ δ' Αθηναῖοι ἤδη ἐν τῇ Κερκύρᾳ αὐτοί τε καὶ οἱ ξύμ- 42 μαχοι ἅπαντες ἦσαν. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἐπεξέτασιν τοῦ στρατεύματος καὶ ξύνταξιν, ὥσπερ ἔμελλον ὁρμιεῖσθαί τε καὶ στρατοπεδεύεσθαι, οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἐποιήσαντο, καὶ τρία μέρη νείμαντες ἓν ἑκάστῳ ἐκλήρωσαν, ἵνα μήτε ἅμα πλέοντες ἀπορῶσιν ὕδατος καὶ λιμένων καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἐν ταῖς καταγω γαῖς, πρός τε τἆλλα εὐκοσμότεροι καὶ ῥᾴους ἄρχειν ὦσι, κατὰ τέλη στρατηγῷ προστεταγμένοι· ἔπειτα δὲ προπεμψαν καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἰταλίαν καὶ Σικελίαν τρεῖς ναῦς εἰσομένας αἵτινες

XLI. παρασκευασόμεθα] The subject of this verb is ἡμεῖς, subdivided into είς τε ἕκαστος, and ἡ ξύμπασα πόλις.

τοῦ γε κοσμηθῆναι] ‘there is no harm at all events in the state being furnished,' &c.

διαπομπῶν] ‘sending round about to the different cities. Cf. ch. 2, sub διαφυγόντες ; cf. διελύθησαν below.

τὰ δὲ καί] This και answers to καὶ ὅτι ἄν, ‘both ... and.

οἱ μὲν Συρακόσιοι] This answers to οἱ δ' Αθηναῖοι in ch. 42.

XLII. καὶ πρῶτον μέν] The corresponding clause is ἔπειτα δέ. Ἐπεξέτασιν is, 6 a further review.

ὁρμιεῖσθαί τε καί] There are three

forms of double copulatives τε...τε; καί... καί ; and τε...καί. Of these τε... καί denotes the closest union, and a real connexion, forming the two clauses into a whole ; as αὐτοί τε καὶ ἵπποι ; whereas by καί... καί, the clauses are rather kept distinct, as separate members, καὶ ζῶν καὶ τελευτήσας. Τε...τε is not common in prose it denotes some amount of connexion. Hermann distinguishes Te as adjunctive, i. e. as merely joining clauses together, without implying any connexion : καί is conjunctive as implying this.

μέρη νείμαντες] sc. νείμαντες ώστε τρία μέρη εἶναι.

ἵνα μήτε] For this correspondence of μήτε and τε, see ch. 33.

σφᾶς τῶν πόλεων δέξονται. καὶ εἴρητο αὐταῖς προαπαντᾶν, 43 ὅπως ἐπιστάμενοι καταπλέωσιν. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τοσῇδε ἤδη τῇ παρασκευῇ ̓Αθηναῖοι ἄραντες ἐκ τῆς Κερκύρας ἐς τὴν Σικε λίαν ἐπεραιοῦντο, τριήρεσι μὲν ταῖς πάσαις τέσσαρσι καὶ τριάκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ δυοῖν Ῥοδίοιν πεντηκοντόροιν (τού των Αττικαὶ μὲν ἦσαν ἑκατόν, ὧν αἱ μὲν ἑξήκοντα ταχεῖαι αἱ δ' ἄλλαι στρατιώτιδες, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ναυτικὸν Χίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ξυμμάχων), ὁπλίταις δὲ τοῖς ξύμπασιν ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντακισχιλίοις (καὶ τούτων Αθηναίων μὲν αὐτῶν ἦσαν πεντακόσιοι μὲν καὶ χίλιοι ἐκ καταλόγου, ἑπτακόσιοι δὲ θῆτες ἐπιβάται τῶν νεῶν, ξύμμαχοι δὲ οἱ ἄλλοι ξυνεστράτευον, οἱ μὲν τῶν ὑπηκόων, οἱ δ' Αργείων πεντακόσιοι καὶ Μαντινέων καὶ μισθοφόρων πεντήκοντα καὶ διακόσιοι), τοξόταις δὲ τοῖς πᾶσιν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ τετρακοσίοις (καὶ τούτων Κρῆτες οἱ ὀγδοήκοντα ἦσαν) καὶ σφεν δονήταις Ῥοδίων ἑπτακοσίοις, καὶ Μεγαρεύσι ψιλοῖς φυγάσιν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ ἱππαγωγῷ μιᾷ τριάκοντα ἀγούσῃ ἱππέας.

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CH. XLIV., XLV. The Athenians, after touching at Tarentum, coast down Southern Italy. Proceedings at Syracuse.

ΤΟΣΑΥΤΗ ἡ πρώτη παρασκευὴ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον διέπλει. τούτοις δὲ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἄγουσαι ὁλκάδες μὲν τριά

σφᾶς] Strictly speaking σφᾶς is not properly used here, because it is not reflexive, since the subject of δέξονται is not οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, but αἵτινες τῶν πόλεων. Of the main sentence however the subject is oἱ Αθηναῖοι, and σφᾶς is used with reference to that, as though the subject had not been changed by the introduction of a subsidiary clause. So in Latin, the cases of “se' are used in a corresponding manner: ‘Casar a Treveris petiit ut sibi auxilio forent.' Sibi is here used as though Cæsar were the only subject of the sentence, although really in the second clause the subject changes from Cæsar to Treveri; and in strict propriety 'sibi' ought to mean the Treveri; usage however is almost universally in favour of the reflexive pronoun in such positions.

προαπαντᾶν] to meet them before they come to land, that they may receive intelligence before putting into shore.

XLII. ἤδη] This implies that from the time of leaving Corcyra, their force was as described previously to sailing from that island, it was continually increasing by the arrival of the several contingents.

τριήρεσι μέν] The clauses thus correspond :

τριήρεσι μέν, and ὁπλίταις δέ. Αττικαὶ μέν, and τὸ δὲ ἄλλο. αἱ μὲν ἑξήκοντα, and αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι. Αθηναίων μέν, and ξύμμαχοι δέ. πεντακόσιοι μέν, and ἑπτακόσιοι δέ. οἱ ὀγδοήκοντα] ‘The odd 80. XLIV. διέπλει] ‘sailed across the sea: cf. ξυνδιέβαλλε τὸν Ιόνιον κόλπον just below.

κοντα σιταγωγοί, καὶ τοὺς σιτοποιοὺς ἔχουσαι καὶ λιθολόγους καὶ τέκτονας καὶ ὅσα ἐς τειχισμὸν ἐργαλεῖα, πλοῖα δὲ ἑκατόν, ἃ ἐξ ἀνάγκης μετὰ τῶν ὁλκάδων ξυνέπλει· πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα πλοῖα καὶ ὁλκάδες ἑκούσιοι ξυνηκολούθουν τῇ στρατιᾷ ἐμπορίας ἕνεκα· ἃ τότε πάντα ἐκ τῆς Κερκύρας ξυνδιέβαλλε τὸν Ιόνιον κόλπον. καὶ προσβαλοῦσα ἡ πᾶσα παρασκευὴ πρός τε ἄκραν Ἰαπυγίαν καὶ πρὸς Τάραντα καὶ ὡς ἕκαστοι εὐπόρη σαν, παρεκομίζοντο τὴν Ἰταλίαν, τῶν μὲν πόλεων οὐ δεχομένων αὐτοὺς ἀγορᾷ οὐδὲ ἄστει, ὕδατι δὲ καὶ ὅρμῳ, Τάραντος δὲ καὶ Λοκρῶν οὐδὲ τούτοις, ἕως ἀφίκοντο ἐς Ρήγιον τῆς Ἰταλίας ἀκρωτήριον. καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἤδη ἠθροίζοντο, καὶ ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, ὡς αὐτοὺς εἴσω οὐκ ἐδέχοντο, στρατόπεδόν τε κατεσκευάσαντο ἐν τῷ τῆς ̓Αρτέμιδος ἱερῷ, οὗ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἀγορὰν παρεῖχον, καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἀνελκύσαντες ἡσύχασαν. καὶ πρός τε τοὺς Ρηγί νους λόγους ἐποιήσαντο, ἀξιοῦντες Χαλκιδέας ὄντας Χαλκιδεύ σιν οὖσι Λεοντίνοις βοηθεῖν· οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ μεθ ̓ ἑτέρων ἔφασαν

τοὺς σιτοποιούς] Of course if several attributive nouns refer to the same person, the first only has the article: but in addition to this, if the set of nouns so closely cohere as together to make but one notion, or can be comprehended under one head, then, as before, the first only frequently has the article; as oi στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχαγοί, “the higher officers, viz. generals and brigadiers.' Xen. Anab. III. I. 29. This rule seems to apply in this passage of Thucydides ; 'having on the board the regular complement, viz. bakers,&c. : cf. τῆς τε Ιταλίας καὶ Σικελίας, Ι. 36, ‘that region generally, where Italy and Sicily lie.'

πρός τε ἄκραν] Some made the land off the foreland of Iapygia, some off Tarentum, and others at different points, just as they were best able, and then proceeded to coast along Italy, until they reached Rhegium, and here for the first time (ἤδη) they mustered. Τῶν μὲν πόλεων, answers to Τάραντος δέ. The imperfects, ἐδέχοντο, παρεῖχον, ἠθροίζοντο, refer to somewhat lengthened

proceedings; the aorists, κατεσκευάσαντο, ἡσύχασαν, of single acts: they at once furnished a camp,' and 'lapsed into quiet ; ἡσύχαζον would be, remained quiet.'

κατασκευάσαντο] This verb differs from παρασκευάσασθαι; the former is 'adornare,' the latter 'parare; hence κατασκευή is used repeatedly for furniture and edifices, &c. I. 10, II. 38, &c. Παρασκευή is preparation; πάντες ἦσαν ἐν παρασκευῇ πολέμου, VIII. 14. In VIII. 5, the reading κατασκευῇ appears wrong, and παρασκευῇ should be substituted.

πρός τε τούς] There is nothing to answer to this τe. The construction is interrupted by the sentence of dè ovdé &c., and never finished.

οὐδὲ μεθ ̓ ἑτέρων] sc. μετ ̓ οὐδετέρων. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις] Whatever in conjunction with themselves should be agreed on by the rest of the Italiots as well. Ιταλιώται and Σικελιώται are the Greek settlers in Italy and Sicily: Ιταλοί and Σικελοί are the aborigines.

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ἔσεσθαι, ἀλλ ̓ ὅ τι ἂν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις Ἰταλιώταις ξυνδοκῇ, τοῦτο ποιήσειν. οἱ δὲ πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ πράγματα ἐσκόπουν ὅτῳ τρόπῳ ἄριστα προσοίσονται· καὶ τὰς πρόπλους ναῦς ἐκ τῆς Ἐγέστης ἅμα προσέμενον, βουλόμενοι εἰδέναι περὶ τῶν χρημάτων εἰ ἔστιν α ἔλεγον ἐν ταῖς ̓Αθήναις οἱ ἄγγελοι.

Τοῖς δὲ Συρακοσίοις ἐν τούτῳ πολλαχόθεν τε ἤδη καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κατασκόπων σαφῆ ἠγγέλλετο ὅτι ἐν Ῥηγίῳ αἱ νῆές εἰσιν, καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τούτοις παρεσκευάζοντο πάσῃ τῇ γνώμῃ καὶ οὐκέτι ἠπίστουν. καὶ ἔς τε τοὺς Σικελοὺς περιέπεμπον, ἔνθα μὲν φύ λακας, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς πρέσβεις, καὶ ἐς τὰ περιπόλια τὰ ἐν τῇ χώρα φρουρὰς ἐσεκόμιζον, τά τε ἐν τῇ πόλει ὅπλων ἐξετάσει καὶ ἵππων ἐσκόπουν εἰ ἐντελῆ ἐστίν, καὶ τἆλλα ὡς ἐπὶ ταχεῖ πολέμῳ καὶ ὅσον οὐ παρόντι καθίσταντο.

CH. XLVI. Discovery of the fraud practised on the Athenian ambassadors at Segesta.

· ΑΙ δ ̓ ἐκ τῆς Ἐγέστης τρεῖς νῆες αἱ πρόπλοι παραγί γνονται τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις ἐς τὸ Ρήγιον, ἀγγέλλουσαι ὅτι τἆλλα μὲν οὐκ ἔστι χρήματα ἃ ὑπέσχοντο, τριάκοντα δὲ τάλαντα μόνα φαίνεται. καὶ οἱ στρατηγοὶ εὐθὺς ἐν ἀθυμίᾳ ἦσαν, ὅτι αὐτοῖς τοῦτό τε πρῶτον ἀντεκεκρούκει καὶ οἱ Ρηγῖνοι οὐκ ἐθελήσαντες ξυστρατεύειν, οὓς πρῶτον ἤρξαντο πείθειν καὶ εἰκὸς ἦν μάλιστα, Λεοντίνων τε ξυγγενεῖς ὄντας καὶ σφίσιν ἀεὶ ἐπιτηδείους. καὶ τῷ μὲν Νικίᾳ προσδεχομένῳ

XLV. ἤδη... ἠγγέλλετο] ‘News was continually brought by this time:' all the imperfects in the chapter denote the long duration or repetition of the various acts mentioned.

ὡς ἐπὶ τούτοις] proceeding upon these facts as upon certain premises, i. e. 'under the idea that these matters were true : see the end of the chapter. XLVI. φαίνεται] ' are forthcoming, cf. III. 113, οὔκουν τὰ ὅπλα ταυτὶ φαί

νεται.

τοῦτό τε πρῶτον] The construction is, τοῦτό τε ἀντεκεκρούκει καὶ οἱ Ρηγίνοι

οὐκ ἐθελήσαντες (ἀντεκεκρούκεσαν). This expression is equivalent to τὸ μὴ ἐθελῆ σαι τοὺς Ρηγίνους. After εἰκὸς ἦν μάλιστα, supply ξυστρατεύειν, or πείθειν.

προσδεχομένῳ] This is equivalent to ὁ μὲν Νικίας προσεδέχετο τὰ παρὰ τῶν Εγεσταίων: cf. καὶ προσδεχομένῳ μοι τὰ τῆς ὀργῆς γεγένηται, ΙΙ. 6ο. Compare a similar use in Latin, 'quibus bellum volentibus erat' for, qui bellum volebant. In καὶ ἀλογώτερα, the και implies that it was even more unexpected than all other results would have been.