ἦν τὰ παρὰ τῶν Ἐγεσταίων, τοῖν δὲ ἑτέροιν καὶ ἀλογώτερα. οἱ δὲ Εγεσταῖοι τοιόνδε τι ἐξετεχνήσαντο τότε ὅτε οἱ πρῶτοι πρέσβεις τῶν ̓Αθηναίων ἦλθον αὐτοῖς ἐς τὴν κατασκοπὴν τῶν χρημάτων. ἔς τε τὸ ἐν Ἔρυκι ἱερὸν τῆς ̓Αφροδίτης ἀγαγόντες αὐτοὺς ἐπέδειξαν τὰ ἀναθήματα, φιάλας τε καὶ οἰνοχόας καὶ θυμιατήρια καὶ ἄλλην κατασκευὴν οὐκ ὀλίγην, ἃ ὄντα ἀργυρᾶ πολλῷ πλείω τὴν ὄψιν ἀπ ̓ ὀλίγης δυνάμεως χρημάτων παρείχετο· καὶ ἰδίᾳ ξενίσεις ποιούμενοι τῶν τριηριτῶν τά τε ἐξ αὐτῆς Ἐγέστης ἐκπώματα καὶ χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ ξυλλέξαντες καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῶν ἐγγὺς πόλεων καὶ Φοινι κικῶν καὶ Ἑλληνίδων αἰτησάμενοι ἐσέφερον ἐς τὰς ἑστιάσεις ὡς οἰκεία ἕκαστοι. καὶ πάντων ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ τοῖς αὐτοῖς χρωμένων καὶ πανταχοῦ πολλῶν φαινομένων μεγάλην τὴν ἔκπληξιν τοῖς ἐκ τῶν τριήρων Αθηναίοις παρεῖχεν, καὶ ἀφικόμενοι ἐς τὰς ̓Αθήνας διεθρόησαν ως χρήματα πολλὰ ἴδοιεν. καὶ οἱ μὲν αὐτοί τε ἀπατηθέντες καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τότε πείσαντες, ἐπειδὴ διῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ὅτι οὐκ εἴη ἐν τῇ Ἐγέστη τὰ χρήματα, πολλὴν τὴν αἰτίαν εἶχον ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν· οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ἐβουλεύοντο,

CH. XLVII. Nicias proposes to sail to Selinus.

ΚΑΙ Νικίου μὲν ἦν γνώμη πλεῖν ἐπὶ Σελινοῦντα πάσῃ 47 τῇ στρατιᾷ, ἐφ' ὅπερ μάλιστα ἐπέμφθησαν, καὶ ἢν μὲν παρέχωσι χρήματα παντὶ τῷ στρατεύματι Εγεσταίοι, πρὸς

ἐξετεχνήσαντο] ‘they contrived and carried out' (έξ). Below ἔς τε τὸ ἐν Ερυκι ἱερόν, corresponds to καὶ ἰδίᾳ ξενίσεις, &c. For ἐπέδειξαν see ch. 31. Πλείω τὴν ὄψιν, &c. is made the shew far beyond the reality, with a small stock of wealth.'

αἰτησάμενοι] Αἰτεῖσθαι is said by the scholiast to be ‘to borrow: αἰτεῖν, is λαβεῖν ἄνευ τοῦ μέλλειν ἀποδώσειν.

διεθρόησαν] ‘they noised it abroad : for the same meaning of διά, see διῆλθεν ὁ λόγος below; οἱ μέν and οἱ δὲ στρατηγοί correspond ; ἴδοιεν and εἴη are in the oratio obliqua, being the narrative

of the words of others.

πολλὴν τὴν αἰτίαν εἶχον] 'The blame they fell into at the hands of the soldiers was great. Cf. μεγάλην τὴν ἔκπληξιν παρείχε above, and on ch. ro. For the construction of úró see ch. 37, under στρατοπέδῳ τε, and ch. 4.

XLVII. Νικίου μὲν γνώμη] These words govern the infinitives, πλεῖν, βουλεύεσθαι, ἀξιοῦν, διαλλάξαι, ἀποπλεῖν, κινδυνεύειν. The μέν is answered by the dé at the beginning of the next chapter, several clauses with μév and dé intervening. Below παραμείναντας is staying amongst them.'

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ταῦτα βουλεύεσθαι, εἰ δὲ μή, ταῖς ἑξήκοντα ναυσίν, ὅσας περ ᾐτήσαντο, ἀξιοῦν διδόναι αὐτοὺς τροφήν, καὶ παραμείναντας Σελινουντίους ἢ βίᾳ ἢ ξυμβάσει διαλλάξαι αὐτοῖς, καὶ οὕτω παραπλεύσαντας τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις καὶ ἐπιδείξαντας μὲν τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ̓Αθηναίων πόλεως, δηλώσαντας δὲ τὴν ἐς τοὺς φίλους καὶ ξυμμάχους προθυμίαν, ἀποπλεῖν οἴκαδε, ἢν μή τι δι' ὀλίγου καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδοκήτου ἢ Λεοντίνους οἷοί τε ὦσιν ὠφελῆσαι ἢ τῶν ἄλλων τινὰ πόλεων προσαγαγέσθαι, καὶ τῇ πόλει δαπανῶντας τὰ οἰκεῖα μὴ κινδυνεύειν.

CH. XLVIII. Alcibiades proposes to attack Syracuse after due preparation.

ΑΛΚΙΒΙΑΔΗΣ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη χρῆναι τοσαύτῃ δυνάμει ἐκπλεύσαντας αἰσχρῶς καὶ ἀπράκτως ἀπελθεῖν, ἀλλ ̓ ἔς τε τὰς πόλεις ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι πλὴν Σελινοῦντος καὶ Συρακουσῶν τὰς ἄλλας, καὶ πειρᾶσθαι καὶ τοὺς Σικελοὺς τοὺς μὲν ἀφιστάναι ἀπὸ τῶν Συρακοσίων τοὺς δὲ φίλους ποιεῖσθαι, ἵνα σῖτον καὶ στρατιὰν ἔχωσιν, πρῶτον δὲ πείθειν Μεσσηνίους (ἐν πόρῳ γὰρ μάλιστα καὶ προσβολῇ εἶναι αὐτοὺς τῆς Σικε λίας, καὶ λιμένα καὶ ἐφόρμησιν τῇ στρατιᾷ ἱκανωτάτην ἔσεσθαι)· προσαγαγομένους δὲ τὰς πόλεις, εἰδότας μεθ' ὧν τις πολεμήσει, οὕτως ἤδη Συρακούσαις καὶ Σελινοῦντι ἐπιχειρεῖν, ἢν μὴ οἱ μὲν Εγεσταίοις ξυμβαίνωσιν, οἱ δὲ Λεοντίνους ἐῶσι κατοικίζειν.

δι ̓ ὀλίγου] This phrase is used both of space and time; here it is of time ; 'at short notice,' of an opportunity arising suddenly.

τῇ πόλει] This depends on κινδυνεύειν : cf. μετεώρῳ τῇ πόλει κινδυνεύειν, ch. 1o ; and κινδυνεύειν itself, as I said before, depends on ἦν γνώμη : and τὰ οἰκεῖα seems to be 'the city's very bone and sinew.'

XLVIII. τους Σικελούς] We should have expected τῶν Σικελῶν τοὺς μὲν τοὺς δέ : “ Of the Sicels, to detach some ... and others...' But generally, in cases like this, when the whole and the parts are mentioned, the whole and the parts

are in the same case. Cf. καὶ ἄνδρας τοὺς μὲν ἀποκτείναντες, τοὺς δὲ ζωγρήσαντες, τροπαῖον ἔστησαν, VIII. 95. Also οἱ δὲ ὑπερβαίνοντες, οἱ μὲν... οἱ δέ, ΙΙΙ. 23: cf. also Antig. Soph. 21 : οὐ γὰρ τάφου, νῦν τὰ κασιγνήτω Κρέων τὸν μὲν προτίσας, τόνδ ̓ ἀτιμάσας ἔχει ;

οὕτως ἤδη] The ἤδη refers to εἰδότας μεθ ̓ ὧν τις πολεμήσει, ‘after ascertaining with what allies they will conduct the war, then straightway ;' just as tum demum is used in Latin.

οἱ μὲν Εγεσταίοις] Οἱ μέν are the inhabitants of Selinus : οἱ δέ the Syra

cusans.

CH. XLIX. Lamachus proposes to sail to Syracuse at once.

ΛΑΜΑΧΟΣ δὲ ἄντικρυς ἔφη χρῆναι πλεῖν ἐπὶ Συ-49 ρακούσας καὶ πρὸς τῇ πόλει ὡς τάχιστα τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι, ἕως ἔτι ἀπαράσκευοί τ ̓ εἰσὶ καὶ μάλιστα ἐκπεπληγμένοι. τὸ γὰρ πρῶτον πᾶν στράτευμα δεινότατον εἶναι· ἢν δὲ χρονίσῃ πρὶν ἐς ὄψιν ἐλθεῖν, τῇ γνώμῃ ἀναθαρσοῦντας ἀνθρώπους καὶ τῇ ὄψει καταφρονεῖν μᾶλλον. αἰφνίδιον δὲ ἢν προσπέ σωσιν, ἕως ἔτι περιδεεῖς προσδέχονται, μάλιστ ̓ ἂν σφεῖς περιγενέσθαι καὶ κατὰ πάντα ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐκφοβῆσαι, τῇ τε ὄψει (πλεῖστοι γὰρ ἂν νῦν φανῆναι) καὶ τῇ προσδοκίᾳ ὧν πείσονται, μάλιστα δ ̓ ἂν τῷ αὐτίκα κινδύνῳ τῆς μάχης. εἰκὸς δὲ εἶναι καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς πολλοὺς ἀπολειφθῆναι ἔξω διὰ τὸ ἀπιστεῖν σφᾶς μὴ ἥξειν, καὶ ἐσκομιζομένων αὐτῶν τὴν στρατιὰν οὐκ ἀπορήσειν χρημάτων, ἢν πρὸς τῇ πόλει κρατοῦσα καθέζηται. τούς τε ἄλλους Σικελιώτας οὕτως ἤδη μᾶλλον καὶ ἐκείνοις οὐ ξυμμαχήσειν καὶ σφίσι προσιέναι, καὶ οὐ διαμελλήσειν περισκοποῦντας ὁπότεροι κρατήσουσιν. ναύσταθ

XLIX. ἄντικρυς] This must be construed with πλεῖν, in the sense of 'to sail direct for Syracuse.' Apparently from this meaning, of 'direct,' 'straight through,' it comes to mean 'positive,' ' undoubted,'' straight forward:' cf. Th ἄντικρυς ἐλευθερίαν, absolute, positive freedom, VIII. 64.

τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι] Μάχη takes the article because they all assumed that a battle must be fought, and the only question was one of time; 'to fight the battle that would have to ensue as quickly as possible.' Further down kal τῇ ὄψει is even when they do see it.” περιδεείς] ‘In excessive dread : cf.

ch. 24.

σφείς] The nominative is used after ἔφη, because Lamachus identifies the whole force with himself, and speaks of them as including him, just as he uses πλείστοι below. Cf. ὁ Νικίας ἔφη... ἑτοιμασάμενοι ἄξειν, ch. 25 ; where Ni

cias includes himself and the other generals in one word, ἑτοιμασάμενοι.

ἐκφοβῆσαι] Here and above in ἐκπεπληγμένοι the ἐκ is intensive, and implies completeness.

μάλιστα δ ̓ ἄν] sc. ἐκφοβῆσαι.

σφᾶς μὴ ἤξειν] Although the pronoun, like σφείς above, refers to the speaker and his comrades, yet the nominative case here would be incorrect, because the pronoun does not immediately follow the verb of assertion, in construction, but depends on ἀπιστεῖν, of which the subject is not the speaker. For the use of μή in this way see ch. Ι.

ἐσκομιζομένων] Cf. οἱ γὰρ ̓Αθηναῖοι ἐσεκομίζοντο ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ, ΙΙ. 18.

οὕτως ἤδη] That is, immediately on their taking up a position near Syracuse. Καὶ ἐκείνοις... καὶ σφίσι, is ‘both ...and. Διαμελλήσειν seems to be to wait through the struggle.'

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μον δὲ ἐπαναχωρήσαντας καὶ ἐφορμηθέντας Μέγαρα ἔφη χρῆναι ποιεῖσθαι, ἃ ἣν ἐρῆμα, ἀπέχοντα Συρακουσῶν οὔτε πλοῦν πολὺν οὔτε ὁδόν.

CH. L. LII. Alcibiades' plan adopted. Proceedings on the Italian

coast.

ΛΑΜΑΧΟΣ μὲν ταῦτα εἰπὼν ὅμως προσέθετο καὶ αὐτὸς τῇ ̓Αλκιβιάδου γνώμῃ. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο ̓Αλκιβιάδης τῇ αὑτοῦ νηῒ διαπλεύσας ἐς Μεσσήνην καὶ λόγους ποιησάμενος περὶ ξυμμαχίας πρὸς αὐτούς, ὡς οὐκ ἔπειθεν ἀλλ ̓ ἀπεκρίναντο πόλει μὲν ἂν οὐ δέξασθαι, ἀγορὰν δ' ἔξω παρέξειν, ἀπέπλει ἐς τὸ Ῥήγιον. καὶ εὐθὺς ξυμπληρώσαντες ἑξήκοντα ναῦς ἐκ πασῶν οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια λαβόντες παρέπλεον ἐς Νάξον, τὴν ἄλλην στρατιὰν ἐν Ῥηγίῳ καταλιπόντες καὶ ἕνα σφῶν αὐτῶν. Ναξίων δὲ δεξαμένων τῇ πόλει παρέπλεον ἐς Κατάνην. καὶ ὡς αὐτοὺς οἱ Καταναῖοι οὐκ ἐδέχοντο (ένα ἦσαν γὰρ αὐτόθι ἄνδρες τὰ Συρακοσίων βουλόμενοι), ἐκομία σθησαν ἐπὶ τὸν Τηρίαν ποταμόν, καὶ αὐλισάμενοι τῇ ὑστε ραίᾳ ἐπὶ Συρακούσας ἔπλεον ἐπὶ κέρως, ἔχοντες τὰς ἄλλας ναῦς. δέκα δὲ τῶν νεῶν προὔπεμψαν ἐς τὸν μέγαν λιμένα πλεῦσαί τε καὶ κατασκέψασθαι εἴ τι ναυτικόν ἐστι καθειλ κυσμένον, καὶ κηρύξαι ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν προσπλεύσαντας ὅτι

ἐφορμηθέντας] See ch. 6. He said they ought to make Megara their naval station, retiring to it, and issuing from it to attack their enemies : ἐφορμιστ θέντας would be coming to anchor there.'

πλούν] An accusative of distance ; really a cognate accusative, πλοῦν and odóv being substitutes for the proper cognate noun after ἀπέχειν.

L. καὶ αὐτός] ' He as well as Alcibiades adopted the plan of the latter.'

διαπλεύσας] ‘sailing across the strait. ὡς οὐκ ἔπειθεν] ‘He was unable by his various representations to persuade them, but they gave a final answer.'

οὐ δέξασθαι] As a general rule the infinitive, whether it has the article or

Αθηναῖοι ἤκουσι Λεοντίνους ἐς τὴν ἑαυτῶν κατοικιοῦντες κατὰ ξυμμαχίαν καὶ ξυγγένειαν· τοὺς οὖν ὄντας ἐν Συρακούσαις Λεοντίνων ὡς παρὰ φίλους καὶ εὐεργέτας Αθηναίους ἀδεῶς ἀπιέναι. ἐπεὶ δ ̓ ἐκηρύχθη καὶ κατεσκέψαντο τήν τε πόλιν καὶ τοὺς λιμένας καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν χώραν ἐξ ἧς αὐτοῖς ὁρμωμέ νοις πολεμητέα ἦν, ἀπέπλευσαν πάλιν ἐς Κατάνην. καὶ 51 ἐκκλησίας γενομένης τὴν μὲν στρατιὰν οὐκ ἐδέχοντο οἱ Καταναῖοι, τοὺς δὲ στρατηγοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἐκέλευον εἴ τι βούλονται εἰπεῖν. καὶ λέγοντος τοῦ ̓Αλκιβιάδου, καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τετραμμένων, οἱ στρατιῶται πυ λίδα τινὰ ἐνῳκοδομημένην κακῶς ἔλαθον διελόντες, καὶ ἐσελθόντες ἠγόραζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν. τῶν δὲ Καταναίων οἱ μὲν τὰ τῶν Συρακοσίων φρονοῦντες, ὡς εἶδον τὸ στράτευμα ἔνδον, εὐθὺς περιδεεῖς γενόμενοι ὑπεξῆλθον οὐ πολλοί τινες, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐψηφίσαντό τε ξυμμαχίαν τοῖς Αθηναίοις καὶ τὸ ἄλλο στράτευμα ἐκέλευον ἐκ Ρηγίου κομίζειν. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο διαπλεύσαντες οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐς τὸ Ῥήγιον, πάσῃ ἤδη τῇ στρατιᾷ ἄραντες ἐς τὴν Κατάνην, ἐπειδὴ ἀφίκοντο, κατεσκευάζοντο τὸ στρατόπεδον.

Ἐσηγγέλλετο δὲ αὐτοῖς ἔκ τε Καμαρίνης ὡς εἰ ἔλθοιεν 52 προσχωροῖεν ἄν, καὶ ὅτι Συρακόσιοι πληροῦσι ναυτικόν. ἁπάσῃ οὖν τῇ στρατιᾷ παρέπλευσαν πρῶτον μὲν ἐπὶ Συρακούσας· καὶ ὡς οὐδὲν εὗρον ναυτικὸν πληρούμενον, παρεκομί ζοντο αὖθις ἐπὶ Καμαρίνης, καὶ σχόντες ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλὸν

shore into the water;' the converse is ἀνελκύω. The terms in Latin are deduco' and 'subduco' respectively.

ὡς παρὰ φίλους &c.] Sc. πάρ' ̓Αθηναίους ὡς παρὰ φίλους καὶ εὐεργέτας. For πολεμητέα see on ch. 18.

LI. ἐνῳκοδομημένην] ‘built in ; the postern had been filled up with materials, unskilfully wrought, and so easily displaced : διελόντες is ‘tearing it asunder; cf. on ch. II.

ἠγόραζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν] Sc. ἐλθόντες ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἠγόραζον αὐτοῦ. Below in ὑπεξῆλθον, the ὑπό means ‘secretly, 'covertly,' in an under hand way.

ἐψηφίσαντο] ‘Passed a single decree,

and then gave sundry orders about bringing the army' (imperfect).

κατεσκευάζοντο] Were engaged in furnishing their camp :' see ch. 44.

LII. ἔκ τε Καμαρίνης] The τe im plies that the one report, that of the probable accession of Camarina, was brought to the Athenians from that city: the other, that of the manning the Syracusan navy, from some other quarter. Further down πληρούμενον means, 'in process of manning.'

ἐπὶ Καμαρίνης] The difference between èrl with a genitive, and ẻπl with an accusative, in connexion with verbs of motion, is here exemplified: the former