53

ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο. οἱ δ ̓ οὐκ ἐδέχοντο, λέγοντες σφίσι τὰ ὅρκια είναι μια νηῒ καταπλεόντων ̓Αθηναίων δέχεσθαι, ἢν μὴ αὐτοὶ πλείους μεταπέμπωσιν. ἄπρακτοι δὲ γενόμενοι ἀπέπλεον· καὶ ἀποβάντες κατά τι τῆς Συρακοσίας καὶ ἁρπαγὴν ποιησάμενοι, καὶ τῶν Συρακοσίων ἱππέων βοηθησάντων καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν τινὰς ἐσκεδασμένους διαφθειράντων, ἀπεκομίσθη σαν ἐς Κατάνην.

CH. LIII. Alcibiades recalled home to stand his trial for the mutilation of the Hermæ.

ΚΑΙ καταλαμβάνουσι τὴν Σαλαμινίαν ναῦν ἐκ τῶν ̓Αθη νῶν ἤκουσαν ἐπί τε ̓Αλκιβιάδην ὡς κελεύσοντας ἀποπλεῖν ἐς ἀπολογίαν ὧν ἡ πόλις ἐνεκάλει, καὶ ἐπ' ἄλλους τινὰς τῶν στρατιωτῶν τῶν μετ ̓ αὐτοῦ μεμηνυμένων περὶ τῶν μυστηρίων ὡς ἀσεβούντων, τῶν δὲ καὶ περὶ τῶν Ἑρμῶν. οἱ γὰρ ̓Αθη ναῖοι, ἐπειδὴ ἡ στρατιὰ ἀπέπλευσεν, οὐδὲν ἧσσον ζήτησιν ἐποιοῦντο τῶν περὶ τὰ μυστήρια καὶ τῶν περὶ τοὺς Ἑρμας δρασθέντων, καὶ οὐ δοκιμάζοντες τοὺς μηνυτὰς ἀλλὰ πάντας ὑπόπτως ἀποδεχόμενοι, διὰ πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων πίστιν πάνυ χρηστοὺς τῶν πολιτῶν ξυλλαμβάνοντες κατέδουν, χρησιμώ τερον ἡγούμενοι εἶναι βασανίσαι τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ εὑρεῖν ἢ διὰ μηνυτοῦ πονηρίαν τινὰ καὶ χρηστὸν δοκοῦντα εἶναι αἰτιαθέντα ἀνέλεγκτον διαφυγεῖν. ἐπιστάμενος γὰρ ὁ δῆμος ἀκοῇ τὴν Πεισιστράτου καὶ τῶν παίδων τυραννίδα χαλεπὴν τελευτῶσαν

is simply in the direction of;' the other, 'to, with the idea of hostility.' For παρέπλευσαν, and the other verbs, see ch. 3r, under διάπλους.

LIII. ἤκουσαν] • Already arrived : ἥκω always means 'I am come : cf. ἥκω νεκρῶν κευθμῶνα καὶ σκότου πύλας, Hec. I. In the same line, κελεύσοντας is used with reference to the crew of the Salaminian galley, as though ναύτας had preceded instead of ναῦν. Cf. ἔπειτα χῶμα ἔχουν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, ἐλπίζοντες ταχίστην αἵρεσιν ἔσεσθαι αὐτῶν, sc. τῶν πολίτων, ΙΙ. 75.

καὶ περὶ τῶν Ἑρμῶν] ' with reference

to the Hermæ, as well as the mysteries.'

ἀλλὰ πάντας, &c.] In their suspicion receiving every informer alike.' If the reading be πάντα, it is ‘receiving every incident in a suspicious light.' Below, κατέδουν is bound them down, i. e. imprisoned; and καὶ χρηστόν is even one who had the reputation of being a worthy man.'

διαφυγείν] see on ch. 2.

τελευτῶσαν] ‘at last ; a common meaning of the present participle (but of no other part) of τελευτῶ: cf. οὐδ ̓ ἣν δέῃ τελευτῶντα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ στρωμνὴν ἐξαργυρῶσαι, VIII. 81.

γενομένην, καὶ προσέτι οὐδ ̓ ὑφ ̓ ἑαυτῶν καὶ Αρμοδίου κατα λυθεῖσαν ἀλλ ̓ ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων, ἐφοβεῖτο ἀεὶ καὶ πάντα ὑπόπτως ἐλάμβανεν.

CH. LIV.-LIX. Digression, to give a true account of the famous legend of Harmodius and Aristogiton.

ΤΟ γὰρ Αριστογείτονος καὶ Αρμοδίου τόλμημα δι’54 ἐρωτικὴν ξυντυχίαν ἐπεχειρήθη, ἣν ἐγὼ ἐπὶ πλέον διηγησάμενος ἀποφανῶ οὔτε τοὺς ἄλλους οὔτε αὐτοὺς ̓Αθηναίους περὶ τῶν σφετέρων τυράννων οὐδὲ περὶ τοῦ γενομένου ἀκριβὲς οὐδὲν λέγοντας. Πεισιστράτου γὰρ γηραιοῦ τελευτήσαντος ἐν τῇ τυραννίδι οὐχ Ιππαρχος, ὥσπερ οἱ πολλοὶ οἴονται, ἀλλ ̓ Ιππίας πρεσβύτατος ὢν ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν. γενομένου δὲ Αρμοδίου ὥρᾳ ἡλικίας λαμπροῦ Ἀριστογείτων ἀνὴρ τῶν ἀστῶν, μέσος πολίτης, ἐραστὴς ὢν εἶχεν αὐτόν. πειραθεὶς δὲ ὁ Αρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου τοῦ Πεισιστράτου καὶ οὐ πεισθεὶς καταγορεύει τῷ ̓Αριστογείτονι. ὁ δὲ ἐρωτικῶς περιαλχήσας, καὶ φοβηθεὶς τὴν Ἱππάρχου δύναμιν μὴ βίᾳ προσαγάγηται αὐτόν, ἐπιβουλεύει εὐθὺς ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς ὑπαρχούσης ἀξιώσεως κατάλυσιν τῇ τυραννίδι. καὶ ἐν τούτῳ ὁ Ἵππαρχος ως αὖθις πειράσας οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἔπειθε τὸν Αρμόδιον, βίαιον μὲν οὐδὲν ἐβούλετο δρᾶν, ἐν τόπῳ δέ τινι ἀφανεῖ ὡς οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὴ παρεσκευάζετο προπηλακιῶν αὐτόν. οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν ἄλλην ἀρχὴν ἐπαχθὴς ἦν ἐς τοὺς πολλούς, ἀλλ ̓ ἀνεπιφθόνως κατεστήσατο· καὶ ἐπετήδευσαν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον δὴ τύραννοι οὗτοι ἀρετὴν καὶ ξύνεσιν, καὶ Αθηναίους εἰκοστὴν μόνον πρασσόμενοι τῶν γιγνομένων τήν

τε πόλιν αὐτῶν καλῶς διεκόσμησαν καὶ τοὺς πολέμους διέφερον καὶ ἐς τὰ ἱερὰ ἔθυον. τὰ δὲ ἄλλα αὐτὴ ἡ πόλις τοῖς πρὶν κειμένοις νόμοις ἐχρῆτο, πλὴν καθ ̓ ὅσον ἀεί τινα ἐπεμέλοντο σφῶν αὐτῶν ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς εἶναι. καὶ ἄλλοι τε αὐτῶν ἦρξαν τὴν ἐνιαυσίαν Αθηναίοις ἀρχήν, καὶ Πεισίστρατος ὁ Ἱππίου τοῦ τυραννεύσαντος υἱός, τοῦ πάππου ἔχων τοὔνομα, [ὃς] τῶν δώδεκα θεῶν βωμὸν τὸν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἄρχων ἀνέθηκε καὶ τὸν τοῦ ̓Απόλλωνος ἐν Πυθίου. καὶ τῷ μὲν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ προσοικοδομήσας ὕστερον ὁ δῆμος Αθηναίων μεῖζον μῆκος τοῦ βωμοῦ ἠφάνισε τοὐπίγραμμα· τοῦ δ ̓ ἐν Πυθίου ἔτι καὶ νῦν δῆλόν ἐστιν ἀμυδροῖς γράμμασι λέγον τάδε·

μνῆμα τόδ' ἧς ἀρχῆς Πεισίστρατος Ἱππίου υἱὸς

θῆκεν Απόλλωνος Πυθίου ἐν τεμένει.

55 ὅτι δὲ πρεσβύτατος ὢν Ιππίας ῆρξεν, εἰδὼς μὲν καὶ ἀκοῇ ἀκριβέστερον ἄλλων ἰσχυρίζομαι, γνοίη δ ̓ ἄν τις καὶ αὐτῷ τούτῳ· παῖδες γὰρ αὐτῷ μόνῳ φαίνονται τῶν γνησίων ἀδελφῶν γενόμενοι, ὡς ὅ τε βωμὸς σημαίνει καὶ ἡ στήλη περὶ τῆς τῶν τυράννων ἀδικίας, ἡ ἐν τῇ Αθηναίων ἀκροπόλει σταθεῖσα, ἐν ᾗ Θεσσαλοῦ μὲν οὐδ ̓ Ἱππάρχου οὐδεὶς παῖς γέγραπται, Ιπε πίου δὲ πέντε, οἳ αὐτῷ ἐκ Μυρρίνης τῆς Καλλίου τοῦ Ὑπερεχίδου θυγατρὸς ἐγένοντο· εἰκὸς γὰρ ἦν τὸν πρεσβύτατον πρῶτον γῆμαι. καὶ ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ στήλῃ πρῶτος γέγραπται μετὰ τὸν πατέρα, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀπεοικότως διὰ τὸ πρεσβεύειν

διέφερον τοὺς πολέμους] According to Duker, these words mean, were distinguished for their superior skill in their wars ; this would require τὰ πολέμια, 'were distinguished for their skill in military affairs. The διά in διέφερον appears to mean, carried their wars through to a successful issue. In the next clause aur is emphatic, and means 'unmolested,' 'left to itself;' and below, after ἐν Πυθίου supply τεμένει, as in the inscription.

προσοικοδομήσας] Having built an additional length to.'

τῇ πρώτῃ στήλη] I do not understand these words. Below πρεσβεύειν is the present, because he was the oldest ; τυραννεῦσαι the aorist, in the sense of he obtained the tyranny ;' just as κατασχεῖν is used below. For κατασχεῖν ἄν see on

34.

τε ἀπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ τυραννεῦσαι. οὐ μὴν οὐδ ̓ ἂν κατασχεῖν μοι δοκεῖ ποτὲ Ἱππίας τὸ παραχρῆμα ῥᾳδίως τὴν τυραννίδα, εἰ Ιππαρχος μὲν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὢν ἀπέθανεν, αὐτὸς δὲ αὐθημερὸν καθίστατο· ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὸ πρότερον ξύνηθες τοῖς μὲν πολίταις φοβερόν, ἐς δὲ τοὺς ἐπικούρους ἀκριβές, πολλῷ τῷ περιόντι τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς κατεκράτησεν, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἀδελφὸς νεώτερος ὢν ἠπόρησεν ἐν ᾧ οὐ πρότερον ξυνεχῶς ὡμιλήκει τῇ ἀρχῇ. Ἱππάρχῳ δὲ ξυνέβη τοῦ πάθους τῇ δυστυχίᾳ ὀνομασθέντα καὶ τὴν δόξαν τῆς τυραννίδος ἐς τὰ ἔπειτα προσλαβεῖν.

Τὸν δ ̓ οὖν Αρμόδιον ἀπαρνηθέντα τὴν πείρασιν, ὥσπερ 56 διενοεῖτο, προὐπηλάκισεν· ἀδελφὴν γὰρ αὐτοῦ κόρην ἐπαγγεί λαντες ἥκειν κανοῦν οἴσουσαν ἐν πομπῇ τινί, ἀπήλασαν λέγοντες οὐδὲ ἐπαγγεῖλαι τὴν ἀρχὴν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀξίαν εἶναι. χαλεπῶς δὲ ἐνεγκόντος τοῦ Αρμοδίου πολλῷ δὴ μᾶλλον δι ̓ ἐκεῖνον καὶ ὁ ̓Αριστογείτων παρωξύνετο. καὶ αὐτοῖς τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πρὸς τοὺς ξυνεπιθησομένους τῷ ἔργῳ ἐπέπρακτο, περιέμενον δὲ Παναθήναια τὰ μεγάλα, ἐν ᾗ μόνον ἡμέρᾳ οὐχ ὕποπτον ἐγίγνετο ἐν ὅπλοις τῶν πολιτῶν τοὺς τὴν πομπὴν πέμψαντας ἀθρόους γενέσθαι· καὶ ἔδει ἄρξαι μὲν αὐτούς, ξυνεπαμύνειν δὲ εὐθὺς τὰ πρὸς τοὺς δορυφόρους ἐκείνους. ἦσαν δὲ οὐ πολλοὶ οἱ ξυνομω

οὐ μὴν οὐδέ] And most assuredly I think Hippias would not have even'. ...

καθίστατο] The strict rule in a hypothetical sentence requires two aorists, or two imperfects, in the sense of 'would have' or ' would. I think καθίστατο is here used, to denote incomplete intention, he attempted to establish himself.'

ἀλλὰ καί] This και is both, καὶ κατεκράτησε, καὶ οὐκ ἠπόρησεν. ‘But owing to his former habitual intimidation of the citizens and his strict attention to the state of his mercenaries, he completely secured his own safety with superabundant ease, and he was not at a loss how to proceed, as a younger brother would have been ; on which supposition (i. e. if he really had been a younger brother) he had not of course been accustomed to a continuous possession of authority.' 'Ev & refers to ws

ἀδελφὸς νεώτερος ὤν, and is equivalent to εἰ γὰρ ἀδελφὸς νεώτερος ἦν.

καὶ τὴν δόξαν] ‘Hipparchus, having obtained celebrity from his lamentable disaster, also acquired in addition to that (πρός) the repute of enjoying the tyranny.'

LVI. τὸν δ ̓ ον] cf. on ch. 15. The next words construe, 'he at last contrived to insult him, as his intention long had been.'

τὴν ἀρχήν] in the first instance, and then, in the sense of ‘at all: the phrase cannot be used unless a negative exists in the sentence, as here. Οὐδὲ ἐπαγγεῖλαι is 'ne arcessivisse quidem.

ἐπέπρακτο] ‘they had already concerted their measures &c., and then were waiting.'

ἐκείνους] Sc. ἔδει ἐκείνους ξυνεπαμύνειν, (join in bringing such help as was re

μοκότες ἀσφαλείας οὔνεκα· ἤλπιζον γὰρ καὶ τοὺς μὴ προειδό τας, εἰ καὶ ὁποσοιοῦν τολμήσειαν, ἐκ τοῦ παραχρῆμα ἔχοντας γε ὅπλα ἐθελήσειν σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ξυνελευθεροῦν. καὶ ὡς ἐπῆλθεν ἡ ἑορτή, Ἱππίας μὲν ἔξω ἐν τῷ Κεραμεικῷ καλουμένῳ μετὰ τῶν δορυφόρων διεκόσμει ὡς ἕκαστα ἐχρῆν τῆς πομπῆς προϊ έναι, ὁ δὲ Αρμόδιος καὶ ὁ ̓Αριστογείτων ἔχοντες ἤδη τὰ 57 ἐγχειρίδια ἐς τὸ ἔργον προῄεσαν. καὶ ὡς εἶδόν τινα τῶν ξυνωμοτῶν σφίσι διαλεγόμενον οἰκείως τῷ Ἱππίᾳ (ἦν δὲ πᾶσιν εὐπρόσοδος ὁ Ἱππίας), ἔδεισαν καὶ ἐνόμισαν μεμηνῦσθαί τε καὶ ὅσον οὐκ ἤδη ξυλληφθήσεσθαι. τὸν λυπήσαντα οὖν σφᾶς, καὶ δι ̓ ὅνπερ πάντα ἐκινδύνευον, ἐβούλοντο πρότερον, εἰ δύο ναιντο, προτιμωρήσεσθαι, καὶ ὥσπερ εἶχον ὥρμησαν εἴσω τῶν πυλῶν, καὶ περιέτυχον τῷ Ἱππάρχῳ παρὰ τὸ Λεωκόριον καλούμενον, καὶ εὐθὺς ἀπερισκέπτως προσπεσόντες καὶ ὡς ἂν μάλιστα δι ̓ ὀργῆς ὁ μὲν ἐρωτικῆς, ὁ δὲ ὑβρισμένος, ἔτυπτον, καὶ ἀποκτείνουσιν αὐτόν. καὶ ὁ μὲν τοὺς δορυφόρους τὸ αὐτίκα διαφεύγει ὁ ̓Αριστογείτων, ξυνδραμόντος τοῦ ὄχλου, καὶ ὕστερον ληφθεὶς οὐ ῥᾳδίως διετέθη· Αρμόδιος δὲ αὐτοῦ παρα58 χρῆμα ἀπόλλυται. ἀγγελθέντος δὲ Ἱππίᾳ ἐς τὸν Κεραμεικόν, οὐκ ἐπὶ τὸ γενόμενον ἀλλ ̓ ἐπὶ τοὺς πομπέας τοὺς ὁπλίτας, πρότερον ἢ αἰσθέσθαι αὐτοὺς ἄποθεν ὄντας, εὐθὺς ἐχώρησεν, καὶ ἀδήλως τῇ ὄψει πλασάμενος πρὸς τὴν ξυμφορὰν ἐκέλευσεν

quisite to them) τὰ πρὸς τοὺς δορυφόρους. *Αρξαι is to strike the first blow : ἐπαμύνειν is the present of the prolonged act. εἰ καὶ ὁποσοιοῦν] ‘if even any number whatever" (no matter how small).

ἔχοντάς γε] ‘at least now that they had arms, would join in securing their own freedom.'

LVII. σφίσι] This is governed by the συν in συνώμοσαι, the noun taking the case of its verb.

ὅσον οὐκ ἤδη] ‘All but immediately : ef. πόλεμον ὅσον οὐ παρόντα, ‘a war all but at their doors, I. 36 : τῶν στρατοπέδων ὅσον οὐ ξυνιόντων, ‘all but engaging,' V. 59. The phrase here seems to mean, thinking they would be seized, at such an interval of time only as not

to be seized instantaneously:' so, ‘a war at such an interval only as not to be actually already come. Below ἐκινδύvevov should not be construed ran into danger,' but 'were in danger.'

καὶ ὡς ἂν μάλιστα] Sc. προσπέσοιεν. The imperfect means 'they set about striking him.' One would rather have expected ἔτυψαν, ' they struck him a fatal blow.'

LVIII. πρότερον ἤ] This use of πρότερον ἤ with the infinitive is not a very common construction: I suppose πρότερον ἢ ᾔσθοντο would be, before they really found it out;' as it stands, it is perhaps, 'before he thought they would find it out,' cf. on ch. 10.

ἀδήλως τῇ ὄψει] The construction