ἑκάτερος, ἔπλεον ξὺν παντὶ ἐπὶ Σελινοῦντος καὶ Ἐγέστης, βουλόμενοι μὲν εἰδέναι τὰ χρήματα εἰ δώσουσιν οἱ Εγεσταῖοι, κατασκέψασθαι δὲ καὶ τῶν Σελινουντίων τὰ πράγματα καὶ τὰ διάφορα μαθεῖν τὰ πρὸς Ἐγεσταίους. παραπλέοντες δ ̓ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τὴν Σικελίαν, τὸ μέρος τὸ πρὸς τὸν Τυρσηνικὸν κόλπον, ἔσχον ἐς Ιμέραν, ἅπερ μόνη ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μέρει τῆς Σικελίας Ἑλλὰς πόλις ἐστίν· καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἐδέχοντο αὐτούς, παρεκομίζοντο. καὶ ἐν τῷ παράπλῳ αἱροῦσιν Ὕκκαρα πόλισμα Σικανικὸν μέν, Εγεσταίοις δὲ πολέμιον· ἦν δὲ παραθαλασσί διον. καὶ ἀνδραποδίσαντες τὴν πόλιν παρέδοσαν Εγεσταίοις (παρεγένοντο γὰρ αὐτῶν ἱππῆς), αὐτοὶ δὲ πάλιν τῷ μὲν πεζῷ ἐχώρουν διὰ τῶν Σικελῶν ἕως ἀφίκοντο ἐς Κατάνην, αἱ δὲ νῆες περιέπλευσαν τὰ ἀνδράποδα ἄγουσαι. Νικίας δὲ εὐθὺς ἐξ Ὑκκάρων ἐπὶ Ἐγέστης παραπλεύσας, καὶ τἆλλα χρηματίσας καὶ λαβὼν τάλαντα τριάκοντα παρῆν ἐς τὸ στράτευμα· καὶ τἀνδράποδα ἀπέδοσαν, καὶ ἐγένοντο ἐξ αὐτῶν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα. καὶ ἐς τοὺς τῶν Σικελῶν ξυμμάχους περιέπλευ σαν, στρατιὰν κελεύοντες πέμπειν· τῇ τε ἡμισείᾳ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἦλθον ἐπὶ Ὕβλαν τὴν Γελεᾶτιν πολεμίαν οὖσαν, καὶ οὐχ εἷλον. καὶ τὸ θέρος ἐτελεύτα.

LXII. κατασκέψασθαι] See on ch. 50. Kal means 'besides the other reason.'

τὸ μέρος τὸ πρὸς τὸν κόλπον] An accusative is often used to denote something external to the subject: extent, for instance, range, sphere, &c. This is generally explained by understanding κατά, but it seems better to say only that in such constructions, for some reason, the idiom of the language requires that case. Cf. ἐπειδή πλέοντες τά τε ἐπέκεινα τῆς Σικελίας πολὺ ἀπὸ σφῶν ἐφαίνοντο, ‘when during their voyage, they appeared far distant from them on the further side of Sicily,' ch. 93. Also τὸ πρὸς Νεμέας

Βοιωτοὶ εἶργον τῆς πόλεως, on the side of
Nemea, v. 59.

τῷ πεζῷ] 'with their land force :' πεζῇ (sc. ὁδῷ) is ‘by land.

ἀπέδοσαν] This appears to be put for ἀπέδοντο : in the sense of 'they sold; Arnold suggests that it means 'they gave up the slaves,' not retaining them in their own hands, but surrendering them to the state.

ἐγένοντο] This plural construction of neuter nouns is not common; possibly here the fact that the verb was written first without reference to any exact noun as yet, is the cause.

CH. LXIII.—LXVI.

The Athenians proceed to establish themselves at Syracuse.

ΤΟΥ δ' ἐπιγιγνομένου χειμῶνος εὐθὺς τὴν ἔφοδον οἱ Αθη-63 ναῖοι ἐπὶ Συρακούσας παρεσκευάζοντο, οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι καὶ αὐτοὶ ὡς ἐπ ̓ ἐκείνους ἰόντες. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτοῖς πρὸς τὸν πρῶ τον φόβον καὶ τὴν προσδοκίαν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐπέκειντο, κατά τε τὴν ἡμέραν ἑκάστην προϊοῦσαν ἀνεθάρσουν μᾶλλον, καὶ ἐπειδὴ πλέοντες τά τε ἐπέκεινα τῆς Σικελίας πολὺ ἀπὸ σφῶν ἐφαίνοντο καὶ πρὸς τὴν Ὕβλαν ἐλθόντες καὶ πειράσαντες οὐχ εἷλον βίᾳ, ἔτι πλέον κατεφρόνησαν, καὶ ἠξίουν τοὺς στρατηγούς, οἷον δὴ ὄχλος φιλεῖ θαρσήσας ποιεῖν, ἄγειν σφᾶς ἐπὶ Κατάνην, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐκεῖνοι ἐφ' ἑαυτοὺς ἔρχονται. ἱππῆς τε προσελαύνοντες ἀεὶ κατάσκοποι τῶν Συρακοσίων πρὸς τὸ στράτευμα τῶν ̓Αθηναίων ἐφύβριζον ἄλλα τε καὶ εἰ ξυνοικήσοντες σφίσιν αὐτοὶ μᾶλλον ἥκοιεν ἐν τῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ ἢ Λεοντίνους ἐς τὴν οἰκείαν κατοικιοῦντες. ἃ γιγνώσκοντες οἱ 64 στρατηγοὶ τῶν ̓Αθηναίων, καὶ βουλόμενοι αὐτοὺς ἄγειν πανδημεὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὅτι πλεῖστον, αὐτοὶ δὲ ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐν τοσούτῳ ὑπὸ νύκτα παραπλεύσαντες στρατόπεδον καταλαβεῖν ἐν ἐπιτηδείῳ καθ ̓ ἡσυχίαν, εἰδότες οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως δυνηθέντες καὶ εἰ ἐκ τῶν νεῶν πρὸς παρεσκευασμένους ἐκβιβάζοιεν ἢ κατὰ

LXIII. τὴν ἔφοδον] ‘The attack

so long meditated : vid. ch. 58. Below καὶ αὐτοί is “they as well as the Athenians.'

ἀνεθάρσουν] ‘They continually gained fresh courage,' see ch. 14.

κατεφρόνησαν] The aorist seems to mean, at once conceived a feeling of contempt:' while lov implies, the repeated nature of the demand on the part of the people. For oἷον δή ‘the very thing which,' see ch. 10.

καὶ εἰ ξυνοικήσαντες] That is, ἐφύ βριζον ἄλλα τε καὶ ἐρωτῶντες) εἰ. . .ἥκοιεν. The optative of course is due to the oratio obliqua. Εφυβρίζω is to insult over,' or 'to insult on,' to inflict repeated 'insults.'

LXIV. ὅτι πλεῖστον] No doubt the original form of this expression was τοῦτο ὅτι πλεῖστον, ‘that quantity which was most.'

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καὶ εἰ ἐκ τῶν νεῶν...] Either καὶ εἴ...ἤ is put for εἴτε...εἴτε, which can hardly be, or και must be struck out; for ὁμοίως καὶ εἰ would mean, equally as on the supposition that,' and convey exactly the opposite meaning to the one required. The construction is as follows: βουλόμενοι ἄγειν, καταλαβεῖν δέ, οὕτω δὲ λήψεσθαι : and the apodosis begins at τοιόνδε τι οὖν μηχανῶνται. The participle εἰδότες explains the reason of their wish to secure a camp, and δυνηθέντες is-with the usual construction of verbs of perception-depending on it: and

γῆν ἰόντες γνωσθείησαν (τοὺς γὰρ ἂν ψιλοὺς τοὺς σφῶν καὶ τὸν ὄχλον τῶν Συρακοσίων τοὺς ἱππέας πολλοὺς ὄντας, σφίσι δ ̓ οὐ παρόντων ἱππέων, βλάπτειν ἂν μεγάλα, οὕτω δὲ λήψε σθαι χωρίον ὅθεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων οὐ βλάψονται ἄξια λόγου ἐδίδασκον δ' αὐτοὺς περὶ τοῦ πρὸς τῷ Ὀλυμπιείῳ χωρίου, ὅπερ καὶ κατέλαβον, Συρακοσίων φυγάδες, οἳ ξυνείποντο), τοιόνδε τι οὖν πρὸς ἃ ἐβούλοντο οἱ στρατηγοὶ μηχανῶνται. πέμπου σιν ἄνδρα σφίσι μὲν πιστόν, τοῖς δὲ τῶν Συρακοσίων στρατηγοῖς τῇ δοκήσει οὐχ ἧσσον ἐπιτήδειον· ἦν δὲ Καταναῖος ὁ ἀνήρ, καὶ ἀπ ̓ ἀνδρῶν ἐκ τῆς Κατάνης ἥκειν ἔφη ὧν ἐκεῖνοι τὰ ὀνόματα ἐγίγνωσκον καὶ ἠπίσταντο ἐν τῇ πόλει ἔτι ὑπολοίπους ὄντας τῶν σφίσιν εὐνόων. ἔλεγε δὲ τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους αὐλίζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὅπλων ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ εἰ βούλονται ἐκεῖνοι πανδημεί ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ῥητῇ ἅμα ἕῳ ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα ἐλθεῖν, αὐτοὶ μὲν ἀποκλήσειν αὐτοὺς παρὰ σφίσι καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἐμπρήσειν, ἐκεί νους δὲ ῥᾳδίως τὸ στράτευμα προσβαλόντας τῷ σταυρώματι αἱρήσειν· εἶναι δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς ξυνδράσοντας πολλοὺς Κατα65 ναίων, καὶ ἡτοιμάσθαι ἤδη, ἀφ ̓ ὧν αὐτὸς ἥκειν. οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ τῶν Συρακοσίων, μετὰ τοῦ καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα θαρσεῖν καὶ εἶναι ἐν διανοίᾳ καὶ ἄνευ τούτων ἰέναι παρεσκευάσθαι ἐπὶ Κα τάνην, ἐπίστευσάν τε τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ πολλῷ ἀπερισκεπτότερον,

τοὺς γὰρ ἄν to μεγάλα is a parenthesis, and is in the infinitive under regimen of a verb of thinking understood from y γνώσκοντες; the words ἐδίδασκον.... . οἱ ξυνείποντο form a second parenthesis, accounting for their choosing Olympiæum; this is of course merely a remark of Thucydides, or it would, like βλάπτειν, be in the infinitive. Lastly, the two reasons why the Syracusan cavalry would annoy the Athenian light troops are given by πολλοὺς ὄντας and σφίσι δ ̓ οὐ παρόντων. Below καὶ κατέλαβον, is, 'which they did actually seize.'

εἰ βούλονται] The construction here changes to the oratio directa, or βού λοιντο would be required.

αὐτοὶ μέν] The speaker considers himself a representative of the inhabitants, and therefore the nominative is

correct ; see on ch. 49. In έκείνους the subject changes, and the accusative is required. Cf. ἔφη οὐκ αὐτὸς ἀλλ ̓ ἐκεῖνον στρατηγεῖν, IV. 28. Below in ἀφ ̓ ὧν αὐτὸς ἥκειν, the infinitive depends on the idea of saying' running through the passage, and affecting even the relative clause: 'preparations had already been completed by those from whom he said he had come.'

LXV. παρεσκευάσθαι] The perfect is not easy to understand; it is just possible that it may be 'they were intending to have got everything ready against Catana.' Still one would expect παρασκευάσασθαι, and I think this ought to be the reading. Καὶ ἐς τὰ ἄλλα, and καὶ εἶναι correspond, “both... and. The καί before ἄνευ is even.

καὶ εὐθὺς ἡμέραν ξυνθέμενοι ᾗ παρέσονται ἀπέστειλαν αὐτόν, καὶ αὐτοί (ἤδη γὰρ καὶ τῶν ξυμμάχων Σελινούντιοι καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς παρῆσαν) προεῖπον πανδημεὶ πᾶσιν ἐξιέναι Συρακοσίοις. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἑτοῖμα αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ τῆς παρασκευῆς ἦν καὶ αἱ ἡμέραι ἐν αἷς ξυνέθεντο ἥξειν ἐγγὺς ἦσαν, πορευόμενοι ἐπὶ Κατάνης ηὐλίσαντο ἐπὶ τῷ Συμαίθῳ ποταμῷ ἐν τῇ Λεοντίνῃ. οἱ δ ̓ Αθηναῖοι ὡς ᾔσθοντο αὐτοὺς προσιόντας, ἀναλαβόντες τό τε στράτευμα ἅπαν τὸ ἑαυτῶν καὶ ὅσοι Σικελῶν αὐτοῖς ἢ ἄλλος τις προσεληλύθει, καὶ ἐπιβιβάσαντες ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς καὶ τὰ πλοῖα, ὑπὸ νύκτα ἔπλεον ἐπὶ τὰς Συρακούσας. καὶ οἵ τε Αθηναῖοι ἅμα ἕῳ ἐξέβαινον ἐς τὸν κατὰ τὸ Ὀλυμπιεῖον ὡς τὸ στρατόπεδον καταληψόμενοι, καὶ οἱ ἱππῆς οἱ Συρακοσίων πρῶτοι προσελάσαντες ἐς τὴν Κατάνην, καὶ αἰσθόμενοι ὅτι τὸ στράτευμα ἅπαν ἀνῆκται, ἀποστρέψαντες ἀγγέλλουσι τοῖς πεζοῖς, καὶ ξύμπαντες ἤδη ἀποτρεπόμενοι ἐβοήθουν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν. ἐν τούτῳ δ' οἱ ̓Αθηναῖοι, μακρᾶς οὔσης τῆς ὁδοῦ αὐ-66 τοῖς, καθ ̓ ἡσυχίαν καθῖσαν τὸ στράτευμα ἐς χωρίον ἐπιτήδειον, καὶ ἐν ᾧ μάχης τε ἄρξειν ἔμελλον ὁπότε βούλοιντο, καὶ οἱ ἱππῆς τῶν Συρακοσίων ἥκιστ ̓ ἂν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ λυπήσειν· τῇ μὲν γὰρ τειχία τε καὶ οἰκίαι εργον καὶ δένδρα καὶ λίμνη, παρὰ δὲ τὸ κρημνοί. καὶ τὰ ἐγγὺς δένδρα κόψαντες καὶ κατενεγκόντες ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν παρά τε τὰς ναῦς σταύρωμα ἔπηξαν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ Δάσκωνι ἔρυμά τε, ᾗ ἐφοδώτατον ἦν τοῖς πολεμίοις, λίθοις λογάδην καὶ ξύλοις διὰ ταχέων ὤρθωσαν, καὶ τὴν τοῦ ̓Ανάπου γέφυραν ἔλυσαν. παρασκευαζομένων δὲ ἐκ μὲν τῆς πόλεως οὐδεὶς ἐξιὼν ἐκώλυεν,

ἡμέραι] The plural is not easy to explain: perhaps the Syracusans had agreed to go to Catana, on one or other of some days within certain limits. Göller says, 'animadverte pluralem quem nescio an posuerit, intelligens diem et profectionis et adventus.'

ἐς τὸ κατὰ τὸ Ολυμπιείον] On the part of the shore exactly opposite to the Olympiæum, so that a line drawn from the coast at right angles would pass through the Olympiæum.

LXVI. αὐτοῖς] The pronoun refers to the Syracusans, and the clause ex

plains how the Athenians had sufficient time to establish themselves in their position.

ὁπότε βούλοιντο] Cf. on ch. 15. ἂν λυπήσειν] Probably the ἄν ought to be struck out; whether the future infinitive legitimately has av coupled with it is yet extremely doubtful.

παρὰ δὲ τό] Vid. on ch. 16, sub ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ.

παρασκευαζομένων, &c.] • While they were making their arrangements no one attempted to hinder them.'

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πρῶτοι δὲ οἱ ἱππῆς τῶν Συρακοσίων προσεβοήθησαν, ἔπειτα δὲ ὕστερον καὶ τὸ πεζὸν ἅπαν ξυνελέγη. καὶ προσῆλθον μὲν ἐγγὺς τοῦ στρατεύματος τῶν ̓Αθηναίων τὸ πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ ὡς οὐκ ἀντιπροῄεσαν αὐτοῖς, ἀναχωρήσαντες καὶ διαβάντες τὴν Ἐλωρινὴν ὁδὸν ηὐλίσαντο.

CH. LXVII. Preparations for battle between the Athenians and Syracusans.

ΤΗ δ' ὑστεραίᾳ οἱ ̓Αθηναῖοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς ἐς μάχην, καὶ ξυνετάξαντο ὧδε. δεξιὸν μὲν κέρας Αργείοι εἶχον καὶ Μαντινῆς, Αθηναῖοι δὲ τὸ μέσον, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο οἱ ξύμμαχοι οἱ ἄλλοι. καὶ τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ αὐτοῖς τοῦ στρατεύματος ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν ἣν τεταγμένον ἐπὶ ὀκτώ, τὸ δὲ ἥμισυ ἐπὶ ταῖς εὐναῖς ἐν πλαισίῳ, ἐπὶ ὀκτὼ καὶ τοῦτο τεταγ μένον· οἷς εἴρητο, ᾗ ἂν τοῦ στρατεύματός τι πονῇ μάλιστα, ἐφορῶντας παραγίγνεσθαι. καὶ τοὺς σκευοφόρους ἐντὸς τού των τῶν ἐπιτάκτων ἐποιήσαντο. οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι ἔταξαν τοὺς μὲν ὁπλίτας ἐφ' ἑκκαίδεκα, ὄντας πανδημεί Συρακοσίους καὶ ὅσοι ξύμμαχοι παρῆσαν (ἐβοήθησαν δὲ αὐτοῖς Σελινούντιοι μὲν μάλιστα, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ Γελῴων ἱππῆς, τὸ ξύμπαν ἐς διακοσίους, καὶ Καμαριναίων ἱππῆς ὅσον εἴκοσι καὶ τοξόται ὡς πεντήκοντα), τοὺς δὲ ἱππέας ἐπετάξαντο ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῳ, οὐκ ἔλασσον ὄντας ἢ διακοσίους καὶ χιλίους, παρὰ δ ̓ αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἀκοντιστάς. μέλλουσι δὲ τοῖς Αθηναίοις προτέροις ἐπιχειρήσειν ὁ Νικίας κατά τε ἔθνη ἐπιπαριὼν ἕκαστα καὶ ξύμ πασι τοιάδε παρεκελεύετο.

CH. LXVIII. Nicias' speech to exhort his men. «ΠΟΛΛΗ μὲν παραινέσει ὦ ἄνδρες τί δεῖ χρῆσθαι, οἳ πάρεσμεν ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀγῶνα; αὐτὴ γὰρ ἡ παρασκευὴ ἱκανω