73

Cu. LXXIII. Hermocrates encourages the Syracusans, who appoint new generals.

ΚΑΙ οἱ Συρακόσιοι αὐτοῦ ἀκούσαντες ἐψηφίσαντό τε πάντα ὡς ἐκέλευεν, καὶ στρατηγὸν αὐτόν τε εἵλοντο τὸν Ἑρμοκράτην καὶ Ἡρακλείδην τὸν Λυσιμάχου καὶ Σικανὸν τὸν Ἐξηκέστου, τούτους τρεῖς, καὶ ἐς τὴν Κόρινθον καὶ ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα πρέσβεις ἀπέστειλαν, ὅπως ξυμμαχία τε αὐτοῖς παραγένηται καὶ τὸν πρὸς ̓Αθηναίους πόλεμον βεβαιότερον πείθωσι ποιεῖσθαι ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς ὑπὲρ σφῶν τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, ἵνα ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς Σικελίας ἀπαγάγωσιν αὐτοὺς ἢ πρὸς τὸ ἐν Σικελίᾳ στράτευμα ἧσσον ὠφελίαν ἄλλην ἐπιπέμ

πωσιν.

CH. LXXIV. Fruitless attempt of the Athenians on Messana : they retire to Naxos to winter quarters.

74 Τὸ δ' ἐν τῇ Κατάνῃ στράτευμα τῶν ̓Αθηναίων ἔπλευσεν εὐθὺς ἐπὶ Μεσσήνην ὡς προδοθησομένην. καὶ ἃ μὲν ἐπράσ σετο οὐκ ἐγένετο· Αλκιβιάδης γὰρ ὅτ ̓ ἀπῄει ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἤδη μετάπεμπτος, ἐπιστάμενος ὅτι φεύξοιτο, μηνύει τοῖς τῶν Συρακοσίων φίλοις τοῖς ἐν τῇ Μεσσήνῃ ξυνειδὼς τὸ μέλλον· οἱ δὲ τούς τε ἄνδρας διέφθειραν πρότερον, καὶ τότε στασιάζοντες καὶ ἐν ὅπλοις ὄντες ἐπεκράτουν μὴ δέχεσθαι τοὺς ̓Αθη ναίους οἱ ταῦτα βουλόμενοι. ἡμέρας δὲ μείναντες περὶ τρεισ‐ καίδεκα οἱ ̓Αθηναῖοι ὡς ἐχειμάζοντο καὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια οὐκ εἶχον καὶ προυχώρει οὐδέν, ἀπελθόντες ἐς Νάξον καὶ σταύρωμα περὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ποιησάμενοι αὐτοῦ διεχείμαζον· καὶ τριήρη ἀπέστειλαν ἐς τὰς Αθήνας ἐπί τε χρήματα καὶ ἱππέας, ὅπως ἅμα τῷ ἦρι παραγένωνται.

εν

CH. LXXV. The Syracusans additionally fortify their city. Envoys sent to Camarina.

B. C. 415-4.

ἘΤΕΙΧΙΖΟΝ δὲ καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι ἐν τῷ 75 χειμῶνι πρός τε τῇ πόλει, τὸν Τεμενίτην ἐντὸς ποιησάμενοι, τεῖχος παρὰ πᾶν τὸ πρὸς τὰς Ἐπιπολὰς ὁρῶν, ὅπως μὴ δι ̓ ἐλάσσονος εὐαποτείχιστοι ὦσιν ἢν ἄρα σφάλλωνται, καὶ τὰ Μέγαρα φρούριον, καὶ ἐν τῷ Ὀλυμπιείῳ ἄλλο καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν προεσταύρωσαν πανταχῇ ᾗ ἀποβάσεις ἦσαν. καὶ τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους εἰδότες ἐν τῇ Νάξῳ χειμάζοντας ἐστράτευσαν πανδημεὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Κατάνην, καὶ τῆς τε γῆς αὐτῶν ἔτεμον καὶ τὰς τῶν ̓Αθηναίων σκηνὰς καὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐμπρήσαντες ἀνεχώρησαν ἐπ ̓ οἴκου. καὶ πυνθανόμενοι τοὺς Αθηναίους ἐς τὴν Καμάριναν κατὰ τὴν ἐπὶ Λάχητος γενομέ την ξυμμαχίαν πρεσβεύεσθαι, εἴ πως προσαγάγοιντο αὐτούς, ἀντεπρεσβεύοντο καὶ αὐτοί· ἦσαν γὰρ ὕποπτοι αὐτοῖς οἱ Καμαριναῖοι μὴ προθύμως σφίσι μήτ' ἐπὶ τὴν πρώτην μάχην πέμψαι ἃ ἔπεμψαν, ἔς τε τὸ λοιπὸν μὴ οὐκέτι βούλωνται ἀμύνειν ὁρῶντες τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους ἐν τῇ μάχῃ εὖ πράξαντας, προσχωρῶσι δ ̓ αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν φιλίαν πεισθέντες. ἀφικομένων οὖν ἐκ μὲν Συρακουσῶν Ἑρμοκράτους καὶ ἄλλων ἐς τὴν Καμάριναν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ̓Αθηναίων Εὐφήμου μεθ ̓ ἑτέρων, ὁ Ἑρμοκράτης ξυλλόγου γενομένου τῶν Καμαριναίων βουλόμενος προδιαβαλεῖν τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους ἔλεγε τοιάδε.

succeeded by a single effort in carrying a measure against the introduction of the Athenians. Οἱ ταῦτα βουλόμενοι means, the party who adopted these political views.'

LXXV. Τὸν Τεμενίτην] The Syracusans inclosed a new quarter on the north of the Great Harbour, taking in a 'Temenos' of Apollo, containing a statue of Apollo, called Teminites. For the site of the wall see the map.

ἣν ἄρα] See on ch. 33. Below, προεσταύρωσαν τὴν θάλασσαν is, ‘they palisaded off the sea in front.'

τῆς τε γῆς ἔτεμον] This is a partitive genitive, 'they laid waste part of their

territory.'

εἴ πως προσαγάγοιντο] ' to try whether they could bring them over: cf. οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι προθυμίᾳ τε πάσῃ ἐχρῶντο καὶ παρακελεύσμῳ εἴ πως ὠσάμενοι τοὺς Αθηναίους ἕλοιεν τὸ τείχισμα. IV. II.

καὶ αὐτοί] ‘they as well as the Athenians sent counter embassies.'

μὴ προθύμως] Sc. ὕποπτοι μὴ πέμψαι, and ὕποπτοι μὴ βούλωνται, ‘suspected of not sending, and of not being likely to choose...' The negative clause and the positive are connected as usual by μήτε...τε.

προδιαβάλλειν] To be beforehand in exciting illwill against the Athenians :'

76

CH. LXXVI.—LXXX. Speech of Hermocrates at Camarina.

«ΟΥ τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν ̓Αθηναίων, ὦ Καμαρι ναῖοι, μὴ αὐτὴν καταπλαγῆτε, δείσαντες ἐπρεσβευσάμεθα, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τοὺς μέλλοντας ἀπ ̓ αὐτῶν λόγους, πρίν τι καὶ ἡμῶν ἀκοῦσαι, μὴ ὑμᾶς πείσωσιν. ἥκουσι γὰρ ἐς τὴν Σικελίαν προφάσει μὲν ᾗ πυνθάνεσθε, διανοίᾳ δὲ ἣν πάντες ὑπονοοῦμεν· καί μοι δοκοῦσιν οὐ Λεοντίνους βούλεσθαι κατοικίσαι ἀλλ ̓ ἡμᾶς μᾶλλον ἐξοικίσαι. οὐ γὰρ δὴ εὔλογον τὰς μὲν ἐκεῖ πόλεις ἀναστάτους ποιεῖν, τὰς δὲ ἐνθάδε κατοικίζειν, καὶ Λεοντίνων μὲν Χαλκιδέων ὄντων κατὰ τὸ ξυγγενές κήδεσθαι, Χαλκιδέας δὲ τοὺς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ, ὧν οἵδε ἄποικοί εἰσι, δουλωσαμένους ἔχειν. τῇ δὲ αὐτῇ ἰδέᾳ ἐκεῖνά τε ἔσχον καὶ τὰ ἐνθάδε νῦν πειρῶνται· ἡγεμόνες γὰρ γενόμενοι ἑκόντων τῶν τε Ιώνων καὶ ὅσοι ἀπὸ σφῶν ἦσαν ξύμμαχοι ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Μήδου τιμωρία, τοὺς μὲν λιποστρατίαν, τοὺς δὲ ἐπ ̓ ἀλλήλους στρατεύειν, τοῖς δ ̓ ὡς ἑκάστοις τινὰ εἶχον αἰτίαν εὐπρεπῆ ἐπενεγκόντες κατεστρέψαντο. καὶ οὐ περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἄρα οὔτε οὗτοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων οὔθ ̓ οἱ Ἕλληνες τῆς ἑαυτῶν τῷ Μήδῳ ἀντέστησαν, περὶ δὲ οἱ μὲν σφίσιν ἀλλὰ μὴ ἐκείνῳ καταδουλώσεως,

οι

cf. βουλόμενος αὐτὸν τοῖς Πελοποννησίοις ὡς μάλιστα διαβάλλειν, VIII. 88: compare the Latin 'traducere.'

LXXVI. καὶ ἡμῶν] ‘Before you hear ought from us, as well as from them.' κατοικίσαι...] 'to settle the Leontines, but rather to unsettle us.'

τὰς μὲν ἐκεῖ] This is not intended to assert the want of reason in either of the two facts separately, but the inconsistency in attempting to combine the two: in such cases, the meaning is best conveyed in English, by using 'whereas,' 'although,' or the like in the first clause; for surely it is not consistent in them, while they are destroying the cities in Greece, to refound the cities here.'

δουλωσαμένους ἔχειν] Το enslave, and so retain: a common periphrasis, to denote a completed action, and the present state resulting from it: cf. σοῦ δ ̓

ἔγωγε θαυμάσας ἔχω, Soph. Philoct. 1362.

καὶ τὰ ἐνθάδε] Sc. πειρῶνται σχεῖν, repeated from ἔσχον, ‘they got possession of.'

ἀπὸ σφῶν] ‘Spontaneously, if σφῶν refer to the subject of ἦσαν: or, Gall who as colonists of theirs,' if it refer to the subject of γενόμενοι.

τοὺς μὲν κ.τ.λ.] The construction here alters : τοὺς μέν and τοὺς δέ, are governed by κατεστρέψαντο ; in the next clause τοῖς δέ is governed by ἐπενεγκόντες, and a pronoun is understood after the verb: the sentence runs, τοὺς μὲν κατεστρέ ψαντο λειποστρατίαν (αὐτοῖς ἐπενεγκόντες, τοὺς δέ, ἐπὶ ἀλλήλους στρατεύειν, τοῖς δὲ ἐπενεγκόντες...αἰτίαν, κατεστρέψαντο (αὐτούς). Below, for the sense of ἄρα, see on ch. 33.

περὶ δὲ οἱ μὲν κ.τ.λ. ] With this clause ἀντέστησαν is repeated, But they with

οἱ δ ̓ ἐπὶ δεσπότου μεταβολῇ οὐκ ἀξυνετωτέρου κακοξυνετω τέρου δέ. ἀλλ ̓ οὐ γὰρ δὴ τὴν τῶν ̓Αθηναίων εὐκατηγόρητον 17 οὖσαν πόλιν νῦν ἥκομεν ἀποφανοῦντες ἐν εἰδόσιν ὅσα ἀδικεῖ, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς αἰτιασόμενοι ὅτι ἔχοντες παραδείγματα τῶν τ ̓ ἐκεῖ Ἑλλήνων ὡς ἐδουλώθησαν οὐκ ἀμύνοντες σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, καὶ νῦν ἐφ ̓ ἡμᾶς ταὐτὰ παρόντα σοφίσματα, Λεοντίνων τε ξυγγενῶν κατοικίσεις καὶ Ἐγεσταίων ξυμμάχων ἐπικουρίας, οὐ ξυστραφέντες βουλόμεθα προθυμότερον δεῖξαι αὐτοῖς ὅτι οὐκ Ἴωνες τάδε εἰσὶν οὐδ ̓ Ἑλλησπόντιοι καὶ νησιώται, οἳ δεσπότην ἢ Μῆδον ἢ ἕνα γέ τινα ἀεὶ μεταβάλλοντες δουλοῦνται, ἀλλὰ Δωριῆς ἐλεύθεροι ἀπ' αὐτονόμου τῆς Πελοποννήσου τὴν Σικελίαν οἰκοῦντες. ἢ μένομεν ἕως ἂν ἕκαστοι κατὰ πόλεις ληφθῶμεν, εἰδότες ὅτι ταύτῃ μόνον ἁλωτοί ἐσμεν καὶ ὁρῶντες αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ εἶδος τρεπο μένους ὥστε τοὺς μὲν λόγοις ἡμῶν διιστάναι, τοὺς δὲ ξυμμάχων ἐλπίδι ἐκπολεμοῦν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, τοῖς δὲ ὡς ἑκάστοις τι

stood him, the Athenians on the one hand, to secure the complete enslavement of the Greeks to themselves, instead of him, and the Greeks on the other hand, with a view to obtain a change to a new master, not less clever, (as it turned out), but more clever in evil.'

LXXVII. ὅσα ἀδικεῖ] It is usual with relative clauses to throw the noun which is really the subject of the relative sentence, into the antecedent clause, in the case required by the verb of that clause: as here ; ἀποφανοῦντες τὴν πό λιν ὅσα ἀδικεῖ, for ἀποφανοῦντες ὅσα ἡ πόλις ἀδικεῖ ; this is also common with μή and ὅπως after verbs of fear, and apprehension: see the first sentence in ch. 76. This seems to arise from a desire to put forward the emphatic words as soon as possible, to convey an idea of what is to be said.

τῶν τε ἐκεῖσε] This ἐκεῖσε can only be defended by supposing ἔχοντες παραδείγματα, &c. to be equivalent to 'going to the Greeks at home for instances:' at all events without some idea of motion, ἐκεῖ would be the correct word. Either

αν

the Te is out of its place, and the construction runs thus: ἔχοντες παραδείγ ματά τε τῶν ἐκεῖσε ̔Ελλήνων καὶ ταὐτὰ πάροντα σοφίσματα : i. e. being able to point both to instances derived from the Greeks there, and also to the use of the same tricks against ourselves :' or else σοφίσματα is in apposition to παραδείγ ματα repeated with παρόντα: ἔχοντες παραδείγματα τῶν τ ̓ ἐκεῖσε Ελλήνων καὶ ταὐτὰ παρόντα, ὄντα σοφίσματα ; ‘having instances both derived from the Greeks there, and brought in the same form against ourselves, mere tricks, as they are &c.'

τάδε εἰσὶν Ἴωνες] ‘The case is not (one of) mere Ionians. The plural εἰσίν is owing to the introduction of the word Ἴωνες. Below Ἑλλησπόντιοι καὶ νησιῶται is a single word really connected with the preceding clause by οὐδέ.

ἢ ἕνα γέ τινα, κ.τ.λ.] ‘undergoing a change of master, either the Mede, or at all events some one.'

ἐκπολεμοῦν] ‘To make them break out into war,' or 'to set them utterly at enmity.'

προσηνὲς λέγοντες δύνανται κακουργεῖν; καὶ οἰόμεθα τοῦ ἄποθεν ξυνοίκου προαπολλυμένου οὐ καὶ ἐς αὐτόν τινα ἥξειν τὸ δεινόν, πρὸ δὲ αὐτοῦ μᾶλλον τὸν πάσχοντα καθ ̓ αὑτὸν 78 δυστυχεῖν; καὶ εἴ τῳ ἄρα παρέστηκε τὸν μὲν Συρακόσιον, ἑαυτὸν δ ̓ οὐ πολέμιον εἶναι τῷ ̓Αθηναίῳ, καὶ δεινὸν ἡγεῖται ὑπέρ γε τῆς ἐμῆς κινδυνεύειν, ἐνθυμηθήτω οὐ περὶ τῆς ἐμῆς μᾶλλον, ἐν ἴσῳ δὲ καὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἅμα ἐν τῇ ἐμῇ μαχούμενος, τοσούτῳ δὲ καὶ ἀσφαλέστερον ὅσῳ οὐ προδιεφθαρμένου ἐμοῦ ἔχων δὲ ξύμμαχον ἐμὲ καὶ οὐκ ἐρῆμος ἀγωνιεῖται· τόν τε Αθηναῖον μὴ τὴν τοῦ Συρακοσίου ἔχθραν κολάσασθαι, τῇ δ ̓ ἐμῇ προφάσει τὴν ἐκείνου φιλίαν οὐχ ἧσσον βεβαιώσασθαι βούλεσθαι. εἴ τέ τις φθονεῖ μὲν ἢ καὶ φοβεῖται ἀμφότερα γὰρ τάδε πάσχει τὰ μείζω), διὰ δὲ αὐτὰ τὰς Συρακούσας κακωθῆναι μὲν ἵνα σωφρονισθῶμεν βούλεται, περιγενέσθαι δὲ ἕνεκα τῆς αὑτοῦ ἀσφαλείας, οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνης δυνάμεως βούλησιν ἐλπίζει· οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε ἅμα τῆς τε ἐπιθυμίας καὶ τῆς τύχης τὸν αὐτὸν ὁμοίως ταμίαν γενέσθαι. καὶ εἰ γνώμῃ ἁμάρτοι,

τοῖς δὲ ὡς ἑκάστοις] The construction suddenly changes; it ought to have been, τοὺς μὲν διιστάναι, τοὺς δὲ ἐκπολεμοῦν, ...τοὺς δὲ κακουργεῖν, ὡς δύνανται ἑκάστοις λέγοντες, &c. Instead of which the τοῖς δέ is made to depend immediately upon λέγοντες ; τοῖς δὲ λέγοντες, ὡς δύνανται (λέγειν), ἑκάστοις τι προσηνές, κακουργεῖν (αὐτούς).

καὶ ἐς αὐτόν] ‘to himself as well as that neighbour, who is first gradually being destroyed.'

πρὸ δὲ αὐτοῦ, &c.] but that the previous sufferer will confine the misfortune to himself:' i. e., 'that with him the misfortune will cease, and not spread.' LXXVIII. καὶ εἴ τῳ ἄρα] Vid. on

ch. 33.

ὑπέρ γε τῆς ἐμῆς] ' he thinks it hard to incur risk,' (not in every case but) 'at all events (ye) when it is my territory only which is concerned.'

ὅσῳ] The construction I think is, ὅσῳ ἀγωνιεῖται οὐ προδιεφθαρμένου ..., ἔχων δὲ ξύμμαχον ἐμέ, καὶ οὐκ ἐρῆμος (ὠν). It would be far (και) safer, he means,

for each state, even although they were not yet the objects of direct attack, to unite and repel the Athenians, than allow themselves to be weakened, by the gradual defeat of the separate states one by one, from their refusal to share the war until they were personally endangered.

βεβαιώσασθαι] These infinitives depend on ἐνθυμηθήτω, or at least a similar word, repeated. 'The Athenian is desirous of more firmly consolidating the friendship felt for him by the other Siceliots (ἐκείνου), on the ground of their common dislike for the Syracusan.' The Athenian policy was, according to this statement, an attempt to unite with them in league against Syracuse all the Siceliot cities, on the common ground of hatred against that city, and then of course in detail to conquer the remaining communities.

φθονεῖ μέν] Το this βούλεται δέ corresponds ; and βούλεται is again subdivided into κακωθῆναι μέν, περιγενέσθαι δέ.