II.

Plate V.

SECT. the ftrict rules of the fcience, yet the general form must be decided with accuracy; after which the fmaller parts, fuch as the members of the cornice, the dreffings of the doors, windows, and other inferior ornaments, may be finished by the eye, particularly in small drawings; but in larger works, the ornamental parts must be added agreeably to the rules which are given in the fucceeding parts of this work.

PLATE

VI.

It is alfo prudent never to defcribe the exterior view of any fingle building as diftant from the picture, but to draw it as commencing at the interfection of the picture; and afterwards to introduce a fore ground, as indicated in Fig. 1, where the line a b 2, is the interfection or ground line, although drawn above the lower limits of the picture; by this method, great trouble and much time will be faved, especially when the object is inclined to the picture.

The heights and conftructions of the roofs of the wings are determined by the procefs given for the example, Fig. 3. in Plate IX. the general form of that figure being exactly the fame with the wings in Plate V.

The pediment of the center part of the building having all its parts parallel to the picture, may be drawn almoft geometrically; especially when the reprefentation is fmall and diftant from the picture, as in this example; but when large, thofe parts must be determined by the rules given for the explanation of the figures in Plates IX and X. which exhibit examples of mouldings parallel and perpendicular to the picture.

Interior of a Room whofe Sides are parallel and perpendicular to the PiЯure.

In Plate VI. is an example reprefenting the infide of a chamber, which may be fuppofed a drawing-room, finished with a cove and a flat cieling, divided into compartments.

The proportions are as follows:

The whole length of the room is 26 feet 3 inches.

The width 20 feet.

The height, including the cove, 15 feet.

The height of the windows 12 feet.

Their width 4 feet 3 inches.

* The width of the piers 3 feet 9 inches.

The height of the door 7 feet 8 inches.

The width 3 feet 6 inches.

The chimney 3 feet 6 inches high, by 4 feet 8 inches wide. Before the student proceeds to operation, it will be proper for him to observe, that in this example the fpectator is fuppofed to be standing in the room, therefore the whole of it is not feen by him, because a part lies behind the angle of his vifion; hence it follows, that all the firft pier, and more than half of the nearest window, cannot be introduced into the picture, because it cannot be seen by the fpectator; this muft ever be the cafe in all interior views. The fpectator being prevented by the limits of the room, or building, from retiring to fuch distance as would allow him to comprehend the whole within the angle of vifion; therefore a part must be omitted to produce a natural representation, as in this example: Yet, by the rules of the science, the room might be reprefented to its full length, but fuch representation would give a falfe idea of the dimenfions, by making it appear longer than the original, an effect which ought ever to be avoided †.

The operation is as follows:

*The fecond pier is rather lefs.

A portion of the room, equal to 6 feet 3 inches, is omitted as not falling into the angle of vifion.

Draw

SECT.
II.

Plate VI.

SECT.
II.

Plate VI.

Draw the boundary lines, or limits of the picture, equal to the given measures of the width and height of the room, as the lines B1, B2, B3, B 4.

Then draw the horizontal line at a proper height above the bafe line, or bottom of the picture, as the line H H is the horizontal line, which is 5 feet 6 inches above the line a, B 4, b.

Then determine the center of the picture C, and also the point of distance*, which, in this example, is 16 feet by the scale, from C. Having thus determined the center and distance, draw right lines from the four angles, a, b, K, d, to the center of the picture C.

Then, on the base line, set off from the point a, the measure of the depth of the room, as from a to b, which, in this example, is no more than 20 feet, that measure being as much as can be seen by a spectator standing in the room.

From b, draw a right line to the point of distance, which will interfect the line that is drawn from a to C in the point e, confequently, the space from a to e represents the visible depth of the

room.

At the point e, draw a right line parallel to the bafe line of the picture, as the line e f, interfecting the line which is drawn from the point b to C in the point f.

Then is the line e f the base of the farther end, and the points ef the farther angles or corners of the room.

At the points e and f draw lines perpendicular to the horizontal line, as the lines e g, and f h, which may interfect those lines which are drawn from the upper angles c and d, in the points I and m, which lines, with those before drawn, exprefs the general form of the room.