26.84 100 Tobacco, water of hydration, and hygroscopic (by dif- This substance appears to be principally composed of gypsum, sulphur, and ferric oxid, with smaller quantities of sand, tobacco, etc. Nothing appears to be present besides the sulphur and small amount of tobacco that gives it any value as an insecticide. As far as its sulphur content goes, this compound would be applicable to surface mildews. The same amount of sulphur and tobacco, however, could be purchased for much less than 30 cents, the cost of a can of this preparation. The volatile matter consists of naphthalene, tobacco, pink coloring matter, and water of constitution and hygroscopic moisture. This sample evidently consists of partially air-slaked lime mixed with naphthalene and tobacco, and colored with a pink dyestuff. In so far as the naphthalene and tobacco are concerned, this compound will doubtless drive away lice. The lime also has weak insecticidal properties. GRUB AND CANKER WORM EXTERMINATOR. [Serial No. 16 I. & W.] Method of analysis.-Weigh out about 10 grams of the sample in a beaker. Treat with petroleum ether, pouring the wash ether through a weighed filter, and continue washing till all oil is removed. Dry filter and contents and weigh. The contents of the filter represents aniline dye, Prussian blue, and carbon. The difference between the contents of the filter and the original weight of substance taken is oil. Treat the residue on the filter with 90 per cent alcohol, and wash until aniline dye is removed. Dry and weigh. The difference between the weight of the present and former contents of the filter represents aniline dye. None was present in this sample. Treat the residue on the filter with about 200 cc of 2 per cent sodium hydroxid and wash with water until free of alkali. Treat the residue with 300 cc of 10 per cent hot hydrochloric acid, continue washing with more dilute hydrochloric acid until the filtrate is free of iron. Wash with hot water, dry, and weigh. The difference between this weight and the former is Prussian blue, and what remains on the filter is carbon. Composition of Grub and Canker Worm Exterminator. This substance is a sample of printers' ink, and when smeared around a tree or on a piece of paper tied around a tree, will doubtless prevent the adult females from climbing up the trees and depositing their eggs. MISCELLANEOUS LIQUID INSECTICIDES. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF DISTILLATION TESTS. A few general methods of analysis are applicable to all of these substances. In the first place, a sample is subjected to distillation, and the temperature of the vapor as the distillation progresses and size of the fractions are noted. The odor of the various fractions is noted, much light often being thrown upon the subject thereby. The usual tests for various substances suspected of being present are made in the different fractions. Tests of the miscibility of the samples with different solvents and of the optical activity often allow us to distinguish certain oils from one another. This is especially true in distinguishing kerosene from turpentine and allied products. LEE'S LICE KILLER.a [Serial No. 19627.] Results of distillation test. 77°-100° C. About 3 per cent of light oils clouded with water, and having a pronounced odor of benzene, toluene, etc. 100°-180° C. Practically nothing comes over. 180°-220° C. Fifty-two per cent comes over, having the odor of and giving tests for phenol and cresols. 220°-250° C. Thick oil comes over, mixed with naphthalene, and finally at 250° C. the distillation tube become entirely clogged with naphthalene. a See correspondence with manufacturers, p. 61. It is The sample does not mix or form an emulsion with water. undoubtedly a sample of a coal-tar product, probably cresote oil. This oil is undoubtedly of value as a louse killer and a disinfectant. The sample, including every fraction, has a strong odor of turpentine. In a 200 mm. tube it gives a +67° reading on the Schmidt and Haensch polariscope sugar scale. It also mixes entirely with glacial acetic acid. Thorp's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry says oil of turpentine usually sold in the American trade begins to boil about 160° C. and distills over, leaving only a slight residue above 180°. It also mixes. with glacial acetic acid. This sample appears to be composed of American oil of turpentine. It is of value for the purposes intended, but 25 cents per can is a very high price. This sample has a strong odor of gasoline. It appears to consist of the lower boiling products of petroleum, commonly grouped together as gasoline, and perhaps a small quantity of some high-smelling oil with an odor resembling that of oil of citronella. Gasoline is known. to be a good remedy in getting rid of bedbugs and other vermin, but 25 cents per can is an exorbitant price. The indiscriminate use of gasoline is very dangerous by reason of its extreme volatility and easy ignition. This sample has a strong odor of gasoline, and every fraction has a strong odor of the lower boiling products of petroleum; appears to be composed of the lower boiling products of petroleum, commonly classed as gasoline. There is no indication of any other substance 225°-268° C 18 14] 19 Thick oil; pungent burnt odor. Remaining in flask and loss 9 The sample, which has a strong odor of turpentine, is partially soluble in glacial acetic acid, and the reading in a 200 mm. tube on the Schmidt and Haensch polariscope scale is +25°. It appears to consist of a mixture of turpentine with some other oil which, from its boiling points and general properties, appears to be kerosene. Such a mixture is good both as an insect destroyer and to some extent as a disinfectant, but the price (25 cents) per can is too high. THYMO-CRESOL. [Serial No. 11, I & W.] Results of distillation test. 85°-105° C. A fair-sized fraction comes over, which separates into a layer of water and a layer of oil having the odor of benzene, toluene, etc. 105°-180° C. Practically no liquid comes over, and at the latter temperature a semisolid mass is formed in the retort. 180°-220° C. A small amount of a thick oil having the odor of and giving test for phenol and the cresols. 220°-270° C. Thick oil, with odor and other properties of cresols. Left in the retort-a solid mass. Sodium oxid, 2.20 per cent. Sample has a strong odor of coal tar, which is evidently the basis of the preparation. It appears, from the boiling points and size of the a See correspondence with manufacturer, page 61. fractions, that that fraction of coal tar containing phenol and the cresols, usually termed creosote oil, was principally used. The creosote oil has evidently been boiled with resin or fatty matter and sodium hydroxid, which causes it to form an emulsion with water instead of a separate layer. It is well known that creosote emulsions give good results, both as disinfectants and insecticides. DYKE'S LOUSE PAINT. [Serial No. 12, I and W.] This sample has a coal-tar odor, and has a black substance in suspension, which appears to be carbon. What remains after filtering off the carbon is a green fluorescent oil. In case this were a sample of pure coal tar the higher boiling fractions would be heavier than water. The sample appears to be mainly composed of petroleum along with some coal tar, or one of its fractions as creosote oil. Carbon is present in suspension. The results of using this as a louse exterminator would very likely be good. The preparation should not be applied in too concentrated a form, as it would burn the skin badly. CHLORO NAPTHOLEUM. a [Serial No. 13, I. and W.] Results of distillation test. Sample has a strong odor of coal tar. 80°-105° C. A fair-sized fraction, separating into a layer of water and a layer of light oils having the odor of benzene, toluene, etc., comes over. 105°-180° C. Only a few drops of liquid come over. 180°-220° C. A small amount of a thick oil comes over having the odor and giving tests for phenol and the cresols. At about 200° the mass in the retort becomes semisolid. 220°-225° C. A few drops of oil come over, and at the latter temperature the condenser becomes so stopped up with naphthalene that the distillation must be stopped. Sodium oxid, 1.99 per cent, and traces only of sodium chlorid. This sample appears to consist of creosote oil, perhaps enriched with naphthalene, which has been boiled with resin, fatty matter, and sodium hydroxid to cause it to form an emulsion with water. a See correspondence with manufacturers, page 62. |