A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: The noun and pronounTrübner, 1875 |
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Andre utgaver - Vis alle
A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To ..., Volum 2 John Beames Uten tilgangsbegrensning - 1875 |
A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: The noun and ... John Beames Uten tilgangsbegrensning - 1876 |
A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: The noun and ... John Beames Uten tilgangsbegrensning - 1875 |
Vanlige uttrykk og setninger
a-stem ablative abstract nouns accent added adjectives affix anunâsika anuswâra Apabhranśa Aryan barytone becomes Bengali Bengali and Oriya Bhojpuri Brahmans case-affixes case-endings case-particles causal Chand common compound consonant dative declension deest derived from Skr dialects elided examples existence feminine final vowel genitive Gipsy grammarians Gujarati Hindi inflected instances instrumental Konkani latter lengthened locative long â long vowel Marathi masc masculine meaning merely modern languages Nepali neuter nominative nouns ending numerous oblique form Old-H Old-Hindi older form origin Orissa Oriya oxytone Panjabi particles phonetic plural possession postpositions pratyaya primary stems probably pronoun regarded rejected retain Sanskrit secondary formations semivowel sense seven languages short vowel shortened Sindhi Sing singular speech substantive suffix syllable synthetical Tatsamas termination three genders trace Trumpp verb Verbal root vulgar words ending وو को जो
Populære avsnitt
Side 228 - It is not till the beginning of the sixteenth century that we come to anything sufficiently marked to deserve the name of a separate language.
Side iii - BEAMES. - A COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF THE MODERN ARYAN LANGUAGES OF INDIA, to wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bengali.
Side 236 - B. star tr^H ai^wT^ from there (lit. being there) he has come. The Ap. and 0. H. forms are direct, ie, he who is there (lit. the there being) has come; the B. and N. forms are oblique and may be taken as loc., ie, in being...
Side 258 - Hindi word from a fifteenth-century Bengali one, and Hindi is the parent, or at least the elder sister, not the daughter, of Bengali ; but Hoernle has certainly, in my opinion, indicated the direction in which we should look for the origin of the word, and I believe the steps were as I have shown above ; and further research will probably establish the intermediate forms for which we have at present no actual proof. A striking analogy to the assumed genesis of mg from qf^, is afforded by the old...
Side 249 - ... at last to the only finite verb in the whole, " I have reported it"! vails, and that even the synthetical case-endings of the early classical languages are relics of independent words. It is therefore safe and rational to assume that in the languages of which we are treating, allied as they are closely and indissolubly with the old mother-speech Sanskrit, the same sentiment exists, and the same method of word-building still survives.
Side 258 - Telugu, however, being a Dravidian language, is not in any way connected with the languages of our group, though, as it has received a large number of Sanskrit and Prakrit words, there are often great similarities between it and Oriya, and it is singular that the structure of the verb also is very similar. Dr. Caldwell (Dravidian Comp. Gr., p. 225) asserts the identity of the two forms ; but we have already traced the Hindi ko to an earlier form e|f|f , which, whatever be its origin, is distinctly...
Side 22 - There is a reason for everything in this world, if we can only find it out ; and if we cannot find it out, it is only honest to say so, and not to try and cover our ignorance by saying there is no law. Some words of wide daily use have all sorts of forms ; if we knew more about the subject, we should be able to give a reason for all of them : perhaps some day we or our descendants may be able to do so. For instance, the word ^K (oxytone) "a wheel," has the following long list of forms in modern times.
Side 30 - ... which I have held to be derived from Skr. oxytones, do in reality owe their final long vowel to the fact that the word from which they are derived had in popular, though not in classical usage, a ^i tacked on to it.
Side 250 - ... mother-speech Sanskrit, the same sentiment exists, and the same method of word-building still survives. Throughout the material world we see that the process of reproduction is one of such a nature that it can be repeated time after time for ever. Man begets man throughout the ages, and tree produces tree; the mountains are washed down into the sea, and the forces at work in the bowels of our planet upheave fresh mountains, which, are in their turn washed away. So also in language, words originally...
Side 56 - It may therefore be as well to examine the whole subject more fully here. As the noun in all the modern languages takes its form from the nominative case of Sanskrit, and omits entirely the grammarian's fiction of a separate base-form...