The Materials of Construction: A Treatise for Engineers on the Strength of Engineering Materials

angle annealed apparent elastic limit average beam bending Bessemer Bessemer process brick briquettes carbon cast iron cent centre chemical clay compression compressive stress concrete cooling copper cross-bending cross-breaking cross-section crushing strength cubic deflection deformation diagram diameter ductility effect elastic limit elongation Engrs external forces fracture furnace given hard hardening heat hence increase kiln length lime limestone load long-leaf manganese material maximum melted metal mixture modulus of elasticity moisture mortar moulds neutral axis open-hearth open-hearth process oxide paving-brick percentage phosphorus pine pith-rays plane plate Portland cement pounds per square produced proportion ratio red-shortness reduced resilience resistance rolled rupture sand sapwood shearing stress shown in Fig shrinkage side silica silicon slag soft specimen square inch stress-diagram structure sulphur summer wood surface temperature tensile strength tensile stress tension tests thick timber tion tree ultimate strength weight weld wrought iron