TROOP. A company of horse.

TROUS-DE-LOUP. Pitfalls dug as obstacles to an attacking force.

TRUNNIONS of a gun. The cylindrical arms by which it is attached to its carriage.

TUMBRILS. Covered carts, employed to convey ammunition, the tools of pioneers, miners, &c.

+TURNPIKE, in old works, sometimes means a cheval-de-frise.

+VAUMURE, or VAUNTMURE. (Fr. Avant-mur.) A kind of fausse-braye. "They clapt up a strong and defensible covering, in manner of a penthouse, between the wall and the Vaumure, under which they shrouded themselves from the defendants."-Rycaut, Siege of Rhodes.

+VAMBRACE. (Avant-bras.) Armour for the fore-arm.

+VIZOR. (Fr. Viser.) The movable mask of a helmet, enabling the wearer to see, as the beaver enabled him to drink.

VAN of an army. The front or first line.

VERTICAL FIRE. The fire of mortars.

VIDETTES or VEDETTES. Sentries placed on outposts and elevated points, so as to be able to observe advantageously the approach of an enemy, and to give early notice of his movements.

WHEEL-LOCK. A sort of lock used anciently on arquebuses. It consisted of a roughened steel wheel, with chain and spring, which, when wound up like a watch, revolved rapidly, and struck fire against a flint held in the cock. WINGS (OF AN ARMY.) The extreme right and left divisions.

ZUMBOORUKS. (Pers. Zumboor, a wasp.) Diminutive swivel artillery carried on the backs of camels.

Blockhouse, 3, 49-casemated, 141.
Boats, harbour for, 90.
Bombards, 172.

Bombardment of Antwerp, 181.
Bomb-proof, 117, 121, 138, 139.
Bonfires on breaches, &c., 33.
Bonnet, 87, 118.
Booms, 122.

Bousmard, "Essai Général de Fortifica-
tion," 133, 172, 138; biographical
notice, 182.
Boyaux, 171.

Cat-castles, 101.

Cat, fate of a, at Scutari, 173.
Cavalier, 115, 154, 157-retrenchment,
115, 134 of the trenches, 111-
battery, 10, 102-redoubt acting as
a, 139.

Cavalry at sieges, cover for, 113.
Chances, (mines so called,) 32.
Chandeliers, 102.
Chaplet of shells, 32.
Chemin-des-rondes, 80, 91, 142.
Chesters, 43.

Breach, defence of, 26, 32, 33, 87, 115, Chevaux-de-frise, 26.

Cactus fences, 27, 73.
Calthrops, 27.
Calculations of Remblai and Deblai,
52-of cubic content of a parapet,
ib.- of the size of field-works for spe-
cified garrisons, 54-of the duration
of a siege ridiculed by Carnot, 181.
Camel intrenchment, 173.
Camel-saddles, breastworks of, 3.
Camps, Roman, 44, 58-intrenched,
60, 138, 140, 142, 158.
Canvass screens, see Screens.
Capannati of Francesco di Giorgio, 81,
162.

Capital, definition, xxi.

Caponière, field, 42-covered, 46-an-
cient flanking, 81-in Vauban, 88,
89, 91-bomb-proof, 91-casemated,
137, 139-construction of, in Fort
Alexander, 141 - Durer's, 150-
Francesco's, 162 - Montalembert's,
137, 162, 179.

Carnot, L. N. M., 17-his system, 80,
137 influence on
new German

-

works, 138-letter to Montalem-
bert, 178, 180-biographical notice
of, 179.

Carnot's "Defense des Places Fortes,"
137,159,181-Eloge on Vauban, 180.
-“ Fortification Primitive," 152, 182.
Carpentry revetment, 37.
Casemates, 117, 139, 141, 149, 157, 164
-à la Haxo, 117-Carnot's mortar,
139, 141-Montalembert's, 137, 179.
Castriotto, "Fortificazione delle Città,"
84, 150, 157, 161, 162; biographical
notice, 156.

Counter-approach, 124, 183.
Counter-arched revetment, 130, 157.
Counter-batteries, 103, 112.
Counterforts, 81, 91, 149, 157.
Counterguards, 118, 138, 141.
Countermines, 112, 113, 126, 142, 164,
166.

Counterscarp, 7-construction of, in
Vauban's first system, 87-of rave-
lin, 88-masonry, 91-suppressed
by Carnot, 137-and by Montalem-
bert, 179.

Countersloping glacis, 142.
revetments, 129.
Coupure of ravelin, 132, 133 — of
bastion, 134.

Cover, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 18.
Covered-way, 78, 81, 88, 154, 157—
crowning of, 111.
Crater, 113.
Cremaillère, 44.
Crest, 6.