SEC. 6. All funds shall be deposited in a bank in the name of the union, subject to an order signed by the president and treasurer.

SEC. 7. The guide shall introduce all new members and visitors and assist the president in preserving order when called upon to do so. He shall also take charge of all property of this union not otherwise provided for, and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned him.

SEC. 8. The guard shall have charge of the door, and shall assist the guide in preserving order when called upon to do so, take the password from members before permitting them to enter, and prevent them from leaving without permission from the chair.

SEC. 9. The trustees shall hold in trust, in their names as such trustees, all funds and other property of the union, and they shall see to it that all funds, other than $25 held by the treasurer to pay immediate demands upon the union, are placed in the bank in accordance with the provisions of article 5, section 5.

SEC. 10. Trustees shall audit the books of the secretaries and treasurer quarterly and report their findings on the same to the union, and they shall attend to the bonding of the financial secretary and treasurer in a surety company through the American Federation of Labor.

ARTICLE 6. COMMITTEES.

SECTION 1. Committees shall be appointed by the president and approved by the members as they may be required from time to time. They shall be composed of not less than five members, except in the case of investigating committees on new members, which shall be composed of three members.

ARTICLE 7. REVENUE.

SECTION 1. The revenues of this union shall be derived from initiation fees, monthly dues, fines, and assessments.

ARTICLE 8. EXPENDITURES.

SECTION 1. The funds of this union shall be used in defraying the necessary expenses hereinafter provided for.

ARTICLE 9. SUSPENSIONS AND PUNISHMENTS.

SECTION 1. This union shall have power to suspend or fine members for violation of the constitution and by-laws, or for unbecoming conduct.

SEC. 2. No member shall be fined, punished, or suspended until he has been given an impartial trial and found guilty of charges that may have been preferred against him.

ARTICLE 10. TRIALS.

SECTION 1. When a member has been charged with violation of any provision constitution, by-laws, or of unbecoming conduct, such member shall be notified of such charges by the recording and corresponding secretary and shall be given two weeks to prepare and make a defense. All charges must be made in writing.

SEC. 2. On the trial of a member on any charge the members of the union shall sit as a jury the president having no vote unless in case of a tie. They shall hear all evidence and render judgment in accordance therewith. Members on trial shall have at all times the right of appeal to the president of the American Federation of Labor. SEC. 3. It shall require a two-thirds vote of all members present to suspend or fine.

ARTICLE 11. PENALTIES.

SECTION 1. Any member fined or punished by this union shall stand suspended from all rights and privileges until the fines are paid or the requirements of the sentence of punishment complied with.

ARTICLE 12. AMENDMENTS.

SECTION 1. This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any regular meeting of the union, provided the amendment to be voted on has been presented in writing and filed with the secretary two weeks prior to the meeting at which the vote was taken.

BY-LAWS, CITY POLICEMEN'S UNION NO. 16718, WASHINGTON, D. C.

ARTICLE 1. MEETINGS.

SECTION 1. This union shall convene for the purpose of transacting business on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month. The sessions will begin not later than 8 p. m. Should any business require special action and attention a special meeting may be called for that purpose, but said meeting shall not take place on the day of the adjournment of the regular meeting.

SEC. 2. A special meeting of the union may be called upon a request, submitted by seven members in good standing to the president. The request must be in writing and shall state clearly the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and no other business shall be transacted on the occasion.

SEC. 3. The recording and corresponding secretary shall notify all members of a special meeting at least 12 hours before it convenes.

ARTICLE 2. QUORUM.

SECTION 1. Twenty-five members shall constitute a quorum at any regular or special meeting.

ARTICLE 3. BENEFITS.

SECTION 1. In case of the death of a member in good standing six months, each member of this union shall be assessed the sum of fifty (50) cents, said assessment to be paid to the proper beneficiary of the deceased immediately.

SEC. 2. All death assessments shall be collected by the financial secretary, giving a receipt for same (including the name of deceased on receipt) who shall turn the money collected in this manner over to the treasurer.

SEC. 3. The president shall appoint a committee of not more than three members to pay the respects of this union to the deceased and deliver the benefits derived from the assessment.

ARTICLE 4. COMMITTEES.

SECTION 1. The standing committee shall be an executive committee composed of the officers of this union and a legislative committee, consisting of not more than five members, appointed by the president. Other special committees may be appointed from time to time as occasion may require.

ARTICLE 5. DUTIES OF COMMITTEES.

SECTION 1. The executive committee shall represent the union between meetings of the union when urgent business requires prompt and decisive action. In no case, however, shall the committee transact any business that may effect the vital interests of this union until the approval of the body is required.

SEC. 2. The legislative committee shall draw up and submit to this union rules that will be to the best interests of the union and its members.

The CHAIRMAN. We will now adjourn until 11 o'clock Thursday morning.

(Thereupon, at 12 o'clock noon, the committee adjourned to meet at 11 o'clock a. m., Thursday, September 18, 1919.)

METROPOLITAN POLICE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1919.

UNITED STATES SENATE,

COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,

Washington, D. C.

The committee met, pursuant to adjournment, at 11 a. m., in the committee room, Capitol, Senator Lawrence Y. Sherman presiding. Present, Senators Sherman (chairman), Capper, Dillingham, New, Phelan, and Calder.

Also present: Representing the members of the police force of the District of Columbia, Messrs. L. E. Draeger, president of the policemen's union; Spencer Roberts, J. J. Broderick, C. O. Turner, W. E. Smith, E. W. Boyle, C. C. Wise, and Wilton J. Lambert, attorney.

Present also: Hon. Louis Brownlow, chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia.

The CHAIRMAN. The committe will be in order. I would like to ask Mr. Draeger another question or two.

STATEMENT OF MR. L. E. DRAEGER, PRESIDENT OF POLICEMEN'S UNION, WASHINGTON, D. C.-Resumed.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Draeger, in the event that Congress should not meet your wishes, or the wishes of the local union, in the matter of compensation, would you communicate with the American Federation of Labor to help you?

Mr. DRAEGER. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Does any member of the Committee wish to ask Mr. Draeger any further questions? If not, Commissioner Brownlow wishes to testify, because of his having an engagement to-morrow that will prevent his presence here, and if there are no objections we will let Mr. Brownlow proceed.

Mr. LAMBERT. Mr. Chairman, might I suggest that the witness be asked some questions in reference to his last answer, as to what way he would call on the American Federation of Labor to assist? The CHAIRMAN. Yes.

Mr. LAMBERT. I don't want to ask any questions myself to pro- . long the hearing, but his answer is somewhat incomplete, and the mere monosyllable "yes" does not fully and completely answer the question. I think he ought to have the right to suggest in what

Mr. LAMBERT. Mr. Draeger, in what way would you call upon the American Federation of Labor to assist you?

23

Mr. DRAEGER. We would call on them for help to bring their influence to bear on Congress to give us what we wanted, in a legal

way.

The CHAIRMAN. In other words, you would expect the union, with a membership of between six and seven hundred policemen, after having failed to obtain what relief they thought was proper, to invoke the American Federation of Labor to come in and set its forces in operation in Congress, in order to get what they had already refused to grant, in the event they did?

Mr. DRAEGER. Only in a legal and peaceful way, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. What?

We do not under

Mr. DRAEGER. In a legal and peaceful way. The CHAIRMAN. We understand that, of course. stand you would ask them to come with a torch and sword. I did not mean that. But you would set the forces of the American Federation of Labor in operation against Congress, in order to induce Congress to comply with your wishes?

Mr. DRAEGER. We would ask them to do what they could for us; yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. In order to get what Congress had refused to give you as a local organization, in the event they did refuse? Mr. DRAEGER. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You may ask anything else you care to.

Mr. LAMBERT. By the suggestion "set the forces of the American Federation of Labor into operaton against Congress," do I understand you to mean that you would endeavor to secure further and more complete hearings, and methods of that kind?

Mr. DRAEGER. That is the idea exactly; yes, sir.

Mr. LAMBERT. You do not wish to be understood as setting them against Congress in any antagonistic or unamicable way?

Mr. DRAEGER. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. But you would expect whatever influence they exercised to be exercised in the way in which the organization is accustomed to exercise its influence on Congress, would you not? You would expect them to use all those methods, would you not? Mr. DRAEGER. I do not know exactly, sir, what their methods are or the way they go about it.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, sitting in the gallery of the Senate and checking off the Senators who do not vote their way. If they do that in other cases, you would expect them to do that in this case, would you not? I mean the representatives of the American Federation of Labor sitting in the Senate gallery, checking off the names of Senators who refuse to vote as they tell them to. Would you expect them to do that, if they do that in other cases?

Mr. DRAEGER. I can't see where that would do us any good, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Would you expect them to visit, through their representatives here of the American Federation of Labor, Members of Congress and solicit them to vote, or change their vote, in the event they denied you the relief your union asks? Would you expect them to do that?

Mr. DRAEGER. We would expect them to try to get us a further hearing and to help us to accomplish our ends.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, they must do that in some practical way. The American Federation of Labor has agents in Washington. We