A MANUAL OF ANCIENT AND MODERN HISTORY, COMPRISING: I. ANCIENT HISTORY, containing the Political History, Geographical Position, and Social State of the Principal Nations of Antiquity, carefully digested from the Ancient Writers, and illustrated by the discoveries of Modern Travellers and Scholars. II. MODERN HISTORY, containing the Rise and Progress of the principal European Nations, their Political History, and the changes in their Social Condition: with a History of the Colonies Founded by Europeans. By W. COOKE TAYLOR, LL.D., of Trinity College, Dublin. Revised, with Additions on American History, by C. S. Henry, D. D., Professor of History in the Univer sity of N. Y., and Questions adapted for the Use of Schools and Colleges. One han some vol., Bvo, of 800 pages, $2,25; Ancient History in 1 vol. $1,25, Modern History in 1 vol., $1,50. The ANCIENT HISTORY division comprises Eighteen Chapters, which include the generat outlines of the History of Egypt-the Ethiopians-Babylonia and Assyria-Western Asia-Pal estine-the Empire of the Medes and Persians-Phoenician Colonies in Northern Africa-Found. ation and History of the Grecian States-Greece-the Macedonian Kingdom and Empire-the States that arose from the dismemberment of the Macedonian Kingdom and Empire-Ancient Italy-Sicily-the Roman Republic-Geographical and Political Condition of the Roman Empire -History of the Roman Empire-and India-with an Appendix of important illustrative articles This portion is one of the best Compends of Ancient History that ever yet has appeared. It contains a complete text for the collegiate lecturer; and is an essential hand-book for the student who is desirous to become acquainted with all that is memorable in general secular archæology. The MODERN HISTORY portion is divided into Fourteen Chapters, on the following general subjects:--Consequences of the Fall of the Western Empire-Rise and Establishment of the Saracenic Power-Restoration of the Western Empire-Growth of the Papal Power-Revival of Literature-Progress of Civilization and Invention-Reformation, and Commencement of the States System in Europe-Augustan Ages of England and France-Mercantile and Colonial System-Age of Revolutions-French Empire-History of the Peace-Colonization-China--the Jews-with Chronological and Historical Tables and other Indexes. Dr. Henry has appended a new chapter on the History of the United States. This Manual of Modern History, by Mr. Taylor, is the most valuable and instructive work concerning the general subjects which it comprehends, that can be found in the whole department of historical literature. Mi. Taylor's book is fast superseding all other compends, and is already adopted as a text-book in Harvard, Columbia, Yale, New-York, Pennsylvania and Brown Universities, and several leading Academies. MANUAL OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. BY WILHELM RÜTZ, PRINCIPAL TUTOR IN THE GYMNASIUM of duren. Translated from the German. EDITED BY THE REV. THOMAS K. ARNOLD, M. A. One volume, 12mo. $1. This work supplies a desideratum in our classical Schools. "At no period has History presented such strong claims upon the attention of the learned, as at the present day; and to no people were its lessons of such value as to those of the United States. With no past of our own to revert to, the great masses of our better educated are tempted to overlook a science, which comprehends all others in its grasp. To prepare a text-book, which shall present a full, clear, and accurate view of the ancient world, its geography, its political, civil, social, religions state, must be the result only of vast industry and learning. Our examination of the present volume leads us to believe, that as a text-book on Ancient History, for Colleges and Academies, it is the best compend yet published. It bears marks in its methodical arrange. ment, and condensation of materials, of the untiring patience of German scholarship; and in its progress through the English and American press, has been adapted for acceptable use in our best initutions. A noticeable feature of the book is its pretty complete list of "sources of information" upon the nations which it describes. This will be an invaluable aid to the stude in hi future course of reading 13 " THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION, FROM THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE ΤΟ THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. BY F. GUIZOT, THE PRIME MINISTER OF FRANCE; AUTHOR OF "HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1640." TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM HAZLITT. VOLUME III. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & CO., 200 BROADWAY. PHILADELPHIA: GEO, S. APPLETON, 164 CHESNUT STREET. M DCCC L. CONTENTS. Object of the lecture Of capitularies in general-Review of the capitula- ries of the Carlovingian Frank kings-Of the two forms under which the capitularies have descended to us-Scattered capitularies-Collection of Angesise and of the deacon Benedict-Of the edition of the capitula- ries by Baluze-Erroneous idea generally entertained as to capitularies -They are not invariably laws-Great variety in these acts-Attempt at classification-Table of contents of the capitularies of Charlemagne : 1. Moral legislation-2. Political legislation-3. Penal legislation 4. Civil legislation-5. Religious legislation-6. Canonical legislation-7. Domestic legislation-8. Incidental legislation-True character of the p. 9 of intellectual decay in Frankish Gaul, from the fifth to the eighth cen- tury-Of its causes-It ceases under the reign of Charlemagne-Diffi- culty of describing the state of the human mind at this epoch-Alcuin is its most complete and faithful representative-Life of Alcuin-His la- bors for the restoration of manuscripts-For the restoration of schools- His teaching in the school of the palace-His relations with Charle- magne-His conduct as abbot of Saint Martin of Tours-His works: 1. Theological; 2. Philosophical and literary; 3. Historical; 4. Poeti- cal-His general character P. 18 Classification of celebrated men of the age of Charlemagne: 1. Leidrade, archbishop of Lyons-His letter to Charlemagne upon what he has done in his diocese-2. Theodulph, archbishop of Orleans-His measures for the instruction of the people-His poem entitled Exhortation to Judges -3. Smaragde, abbot of Saint Michael-His treatise of morality for kings, entitled Via Regia-4. Eginhard-His alleged marriage with a daughter of Charlemagne-Their relations-Of what happened after the death of this prince-His letters-His Life of Charlemagne-Re- The progress and causes of the dismemberment of the empire of Charle- magne-1. State of this empire in 843, after the treaty of Verdun— Inferior state of the kingdom of France at this epoch-2. In 888, after the death of Charles le Gros-Seven kingdoms-Definitive establish- ment of the inheritance of fiefs in France-Twenty-nine small states, or important fiefs, founded at the end of the ninth century-3. In 987, at the fall of the Carlovingians-Four kingdoms-In France, fifty-five important fiefs-Explanation of this dismemberment-Their insufficiency -One only, the diversity of races, developed by M. Thierry, is proba- ble, but incomplete-The true cause is the impossibility of a great state at that epoch, and the progressive rise of the local societies which form- History of legislation from the death of Charlemagne to the accession of Hugh Capet-Necessity of precisely determining the general character- istics of the legislation at the two terms of this epoch, in order to under- stand properly its progress during its course-1. State of the legislation under Charlemagne-It is personal, and varies according to races-The church and the imperial power give it some unity-2. State of the legis- lation after Hugh Capet-It is territorial; local customs have replaced national laws-All central legislative power has disappeared-3. History of legislation in Frankish Gaul between these two terms-Analytical tables of the capitularies of Louis le Débonnaire, Charles le Chauve, Louis le Begue, Carloman, Eudes, and Charles le Simple--Comparison of these tables according to the figures only-Comparison of the provi- Object of the lecture-Internal history of the Gallo-Frankish church, from the middle of the 8th century to the end of the 10th--Anarchy which pervaded it in the first half of the 8th century-Twofold principle of reform-The reformation is actually undertaken by the first Carlovin- gians: 1. By the civil power; 2. By the ecclesiastical power-Special reforms-Order of Canons-Its origin and progress-Reformation of the monastic orders by Saint Benedict d'Aniane-They change character- Preponderance of the temporal power in the Gallo-Frankish church at this epoch-Proofs-Still the church progresses towards its future pre- ponderance-But it is not to the profit of its own government, of the |