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unequal (reeds cicutis). The sea is a destruction to greedy mariners. To these [men] ease, riches, (desirable optanda) to others, were a burden and misery. Hunger teaches a man many [things]. Can I teach thee letters? How many more men have been destroyed by the violence of men, that is, by wars and seditions, than by every (other reliqua) calamity! Never shall he disconcert me (by his measures consilio), never (shall he baffle pervertet) me by any artifice! Thrice had Achilles dragged Hector round the Trojan walls, and was selling the breathless corpse for gold. The eager man bought it (for as much as tanti quanti) Pythius wished. Hephaestion was dead (whom quem unum) Alexander, (as quod) might be easily understood, had valued very highly. All are rich, say the Stoics, who can enjoy (the air cœlo) and the earth. Go from the city, Catiline, free the republic from fear; go, if thou waitest for that word, into banishment. Use [thy] ears more frequently than thy tongue. He rescued me [from] death (dat.). This speech (being ended habitá), he dismissed the council. Cæsar ordered the gates to be shut, and the soldiers to depart from the town, lest the inhabitants should receive any injury from the soldiers by night. These things being transacted, all Gaul (being pacified pacata), so great an opinion of this war prevailed among the barbarians, that ambassadors were sent to Cæsar from the nations which lived beyond the Rhine, (who qua) promised that they would give him hostages, (and submit to his commands imperāta factūras).

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Whatever is the accusative after an active verb must be the nominative to it after a passive verb, whilst the other case is retained un

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der the government of the verb, and cannot become its nomina

tive; as,

ACT.

Do tibi LIBRUM.

Narras FABULAM surdo.

Capitis EUM condemnârunt.

PATERAM vino implevit.

PASS.

Datur tibi LIBER.

Surdo FABULA narratur.

Capitis ILLE est condemnatus.
Vino PATER est impleta.

When there are two accusatives, that of the person becomes the nominative; as,

ACT.

Docebat PUEROS grammaticam.

PASS.

PUERI docebantur grammaticam.

It is therefore to be remembered, that nothing but that which is in the accusative after the active verb, whether denoting a person or a thing, can be the nominative to the verb in the passive voice; as,

ACT.

Persuadeo hoc tibi.
Hoc tibi dixi.

en.

PASS.

Hoc tibi persuadetur, not Tu persuaderis.
Hoc tibi dictum est, not Dictus es.

In the expression Tu dictus es, tu denotes the subject of discourse, or the person oF WHOM, not the person тo WHOм, information is givHence it is, that, if a verb does not govern the accusative in the active voice, it can have no passive, unless impersonally; thus we say, Resisto tibi, and cannot, therefore, say Tu resisteris, but Tibi resistitur. See more on this subject in Grant's Institutes, p. 210.

To this we may add, that the nominative to the active verb must be the ablative with a or ab after the passive verb; as,

ACT.

Arma fecit VULCANUS Achilli.
ROMULUS Condidit Romam.

PASS.

Arma facta sunt Achilli a VULCANO.
Roma condita est a ROMULO.

Nile by Seleucus and Antigonus. We are not (as it has been excellently written by Plato) born for ourselves alone.

They were required by the king [Darius] to burn the bodies of the dead, rather than to bury them in the ground. Being impeached for this crime, and acquitted by the votes of his judges, he [Lysander] was sent to the relief of the Orchomenians, and slain by the Thebans at Haliartus.

Having entered upon his manhood, he [Alcibiades] was beloved by many; amongst them by Socrates, of whom Plato makes mention in his Symposium.

The wall [was] common to either house; it was cleft by a small chink, which it had got when it was first built. This flaw [was] observed by no one for many ages.

He [Æneas] shrouded in a cloud, wonderful to be spoken, passes through the midst, and mingles with the people, nor is he seen by any one.

Demosthenes, the Athenian orator, being banished his country for the crime of having taken gold of Harpalus, was in exile at Megara. He is recalled from banishment by a ship sent to meet [him] by the Athenians.

What will become of me? I would rather be plundered than set to sale, or lashed by the rebukes of all [men].

Nilus interficio a Seleucus et Antigonus. (Ut præclarè scribo a Plato) non ego dat. solùm nasco.

Mortuus corpus cremo potiùs quàm terra obruo a rex jubeo impf. Accusatus hic crimen abl., judexque absolūtus sententia, Orchomenii dat. missus subsidium dat., occido a Thebani apud Haliartus.

(Incunte) adolescentia, amo perf. a multus; in is a Socrates, de quis mentio facio Plato in Symposium.

Paries domus communis (utrique); fissus sum impf. tenuis rima, qui duco olim, cùm fio impf. subj. Is vitium nullus dat. per sæculum longus noto.

Infero pres. sui acc. septus nebula, mirabilis neut. (dictu), per medius plur. misceoque vir, neque cerno ullus dat.

Demosthenes, Atheniensis orator, pulsus patria, ob crimen acceptus ab Harpălus aurum, Megăra abl. plur. exŭlo. Revoco ab exilium navis obviam missus ab Atheniensis.

Quis de ego fio? Malo compilo quàm veneo (vrnire), aut vapulo sermo omnis.

Sometimes the preposition a, ab, or ABS is omitted.

Thou shalt be described by Varius, the soaring [imitator] of Mæonian verse, as brave, and the conqueror of thy enemies.

The huntsman, unmindful of his tender wife, stays in the cold air, whether a hind is seen by his faithful hounds, or a Marsian boar has broken through his well-wrought toils.

Scribo Varius, Mæonius carmen ales abl., fortis, et hostis victor.

Maneo sub Jupiter frigidus venator, tener conjux imměmor, seu video perf. catulus cerva fidēlis, seu rumpo teres Marsus aper plaga.

ENGLISH TO BE TURNED INTO LATIN.

A boar is often held (by a small a non magno) dog. He is praised by some, he is blamed by others. They do not know [that] these [things] (are taught esse præcepta) by them. I am neither heard nor seen by any one (dat.). For neither are we thus (formed generati) by nature, that we should seem (pres. subj.) to be made (for ad) sport and jesting; but rather for severity and for certain greater and graver (pursuits studia). (The Phocensians Phocenses), therefore, when they were deprived (impf. subj.) of their lands, children, and wives, (their case rebus) being desperate, (seized occupavére) the temple itself of Apollo, at Delphi, (one quodam) Philomelus [being] their leader, as if angry with the god. The house (was valued licebat) at a great price. He says [that] it was (a scandalous thing indignum) [that their] wars should not be finished, but (bought off redimi): and [that] the enemy (should be repulsed submovēri) [by] a price, not [by] arms. [By] these words he exhorts the king, [now] alienated from Tissaphernes (dat.), that he should choose (pres. subj.) Conon (Conona) the Athenian, commander of the naval war, in the place of him, who, (having lost amissa) his country [in] the war, was in banishment at Cyprus (gen.). Although he is (a villain scelestus), he will not commit (any thing to-day hodie unquam) that he should be beaten (pres. subj.) again. (He is made creatur) at first prætor, (soon after mox) general, by the Murgantini, (with apud) whom he was in banishment, [from] a hatred of the Syracusans.

ADAM.-RULE 30. & Obs. 3 to Rule 3.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

MODEL.

I wish to know. Being ordered to break the league. He was then worthy to be loved. It is time to go.

EXERCISE

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Being desirous to give [him] wounds in his tall neck, he broke his sword. And now [it is] time to loose the foaming necks of the horses. It is a virtue to have abstained from things that please us.

All [things] pass away, except the love of God. But since there is so great a desire to know our misfortunes, and briefly to hear the last fate of Troy, I will begin.

Then thus [she began] to speak, and to relieve my cares with these words. And the clan

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Quis fallo possum impf. subj. amans? Fortūna opes aufĕro, non anĭmus possum. Nec verò terra fero omnis omnis possum.

Equus memini (memento) res in arduus servo mens. Occido unus domus; sed non domus unus pereo dignus sum. Ego acc. miser acc.! Ne pronus fem. cado3 pres. subj., indignusve ĺædo

crus seco sentis.

(Cupiens) altus do vulnus collum, ensis frango. Et jam tempus equus fumans solvo collum. Sum virtus placitus abl. plur. abstineo bonus abl. plur.

Omnis prætereo præter amo* Deus. Sed si tantus amor casus cognosco noster, et breviter Troja suprēmus audio labor, incipio.

Tum sic (affäri), et cura hic demo dictum. (Tyrrhenusque) tuba mu

*Here the infinitive is used for a substantive.

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