avoid low or inelegant expressions, and to give to his style a greater degree of variety and beauty. The words in the following exercises, which are enclosed within parentheses, are examples of the periphrasis, and are to be substituted for the corresponding word in the line. When two or more Italic words occur in a line, they must be omitted, and the meaning, which they are designed to convey, expressed by one word only. When there is only one word in a line printed in Italics, it is intended to be omitted, and its meaning expressed by a periphrasis. EXERCISES. 1. Thus does the lioness rage when confined in a narrow den, And breaks her fierce teeth by biting her prison. in Sic leæna fremo (fera nobilis) in claustrum (enall.) parvus abditus, Et rabidus dens frango carcere præmorso. 2. Whither shall I be carried? where shall I seek comfort my affliction? No anchor now holds my bark. Quò feror? unde (lapsis rebus) peto solatium (enall.) miseria? 3. Then also the birds in safety flew, And the hare wandered fearlessly in the midst of the fields, Nor had their easy credulity hung on the hook the inhabitants of the rivers. Tunc et avis (movêre pennas per aëra) tutò (enall.) volo, Et lepus impavide (enall.) erro in medius ager, Nec sua credulitas fluminum incolas suspendo hamus. 4. O robin, a guest most welcome to every house, Whom the severity of the cold compels to seek the aid of man, That thou mayest escape the frosts of the wintry air, O fly hither, And dwell in safety under my roof. Rubecula (hospes avis), conviva domus quivis gratissimus, et vivo tutus (synon.) sub meus lar. 5. That thou mayest relieve thy hunger, food in my window I will place every day; For by experience I have learned that thou wilt repay with a grateful Song whatsoever food any kind hand may bestow. Unde relevo tuus esuries, alimentum (enall.) fenestra Etenim usus edisco quòd rependo alimentum (enall.) gratus inanus. 6. In the early spring, when the warm breezes gently blow, And when on every tree its vernal honours bloom, Thou mayest freely return to the groves, and revisit the sylvan shades, In which music delightful and equal to thine resounds. Ver novus, cùm tepidus aura molliter spiro, Et suus honos (enall.) verno in quivis arbor, Pro libitu ad nemus (synon.) redeo sylvestriaque tecta reviso, 7. But if again, but if by chance again, the cold Should bring back to my house my beloved bird, Be thou, O returning bird, be thou mindful to repay with a grateful song Whatsoever food any kind hand may bestow. Sin iterum, sin fortè iterum, frigus Reduco ad meus tectum (enall.) carus (synon.) avis, Pabulum (enall.), quicunque (tmesis) benignus manus do. 8. The Molossian hounds fondly caressed the hare, then free from danger, And the tender young of the sheep drew near the wolf; The deer played in peace with the tigress; The stags feared not the African lion. Molossi blande (enall.) foveo tutus (synon.) lepus, Cervus non pertimesco (synon.) Massylus juba. 9. From you shall descend the brave Achilles, Known to his enemies not by his back, but by his undaunted front, Who, always a victor in the uncertain contest of the race, Shall outstrip the speed of the swift deer. Achilles (expers terroris) tu nascor fortis, Hostis haud tergum sed pectus impavidus (synon.) notus, Præverto (flammea vestigia) celeritas cerva celer. 10. The god of fire fought against Troy, the god of music for Troy; The mother of Æneas was friendly to the Trojan people, the goddess of war was unfriendly. The sister and wife of Jupiter, favourable to Turnus, hated Æneas; Yet he was secure under the protection of Venus. Often did the fierce ruler of the sea attack Ulysses; Often did Pallas rescue him from the brother of her father. Ignis deus sto in Troja, musicæ præses pro Troja; Sæpè ferox pelagi domitor Ulysses cautus peto; 11. And as a ravenous wolf both seizes on and carries away Through the corn-fields, through the woods, the sheep, which has not gone into the fold, So, if the hostile barbarian finds any one in the plains Not yet received within the city, he hurries him away; He then either follows him as his captive, and receives chains cast upon his neck, Or falls by a poisoned arrow. Utque rapax pecus, qui non intro (se texit) ovili, Per seges (synon.), per sylva, lupus feroque trahoque, Sic, si qui, acceptus (synon.) nondum (portarum sepe) oppidum, Aut captus sequitur ille (ellip.), conjectusque catena (synon.) col- aut pereo (synon.) venenatus telum (virus habente). MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. The first ten of the following exercises are designed to be literally translated into Latin verse: the words will require a different arrangement, but every word may stand in the same line in Latin, in which it is found in English. The remaining exercises are intended to be more freely translated, and the words in one line may often be introduced into the preceding or following verse. 1. The lamb in company with the wolf (sociata lupo) shall gambol (lasciviet) in (per) the valleys, And the steer shall go (petet) with the lion in safety (tutus) to the stall (præsepe). 2. Let the heaven supply (ellip.) dews sweet as nectar (nectareos), and let it viands (alimenta) (epithet) Supply, and shed (irriget) silently fertilizing showers (imbres). 3. The sea was bright (radiabat) with the image of the reflected (repercussa) moon, And in the night (epithet) there was a light (nitor) like the light of day (diurnus). (Pentam.) 4. And now the sea began to redden (rubescebat) with the morning (ellip.) rays, and from the lofty sky (æthere) The saffron Morn (lutea Aurora) arose (fulgebat) in her rosy chariot (bigis). 5. Drops (enall.) wear a stone hollow (cavo); a ring is worn out (consumitur) by use; And the crooked ploughshare is worn away (teritur) by the earth rubbing against it (pressá). (Pentam.) 6. Around the tame tiger (mansueta tigri) flowery bands the sportive (petulantes) Boys in play (per ludum) shall cast, and serpents the wearied Limbs of the traveller shall refresh by licking them with their cold tongues (recreabunt frigore linguæ). 7. Under this tree the dewy (madidi) Fauns (Fauni) often danced (luserunt), And their (ellip.) pipe heard in the night (fistula sera) alarmed the quiet family (domum); (Pentam.) And while they fled (dumque fugit) through the solitary (solus) fields from midnight Pan (nocturnum Pana), Often under this tree (fronde) a rural Dryad (Dryas) lay concealed (latuit). 8. Beneath a hedge (sub sepe), and often (nec rarò) on the margin of a bank, there is a little Reptile (reptile) (the glow-worm), which glitters by night, and lies concealed (latet) by day. (Pentam.) Ye great, lay aside your pride (fastus), and no longer (nec) despise the lowly, Since even (et) this little (minimum) reptile has something (ellip.) which is splendid (niteat). 9. In early spring, when the snow (gelidus humor) on the hoary mountains Is dissolved, and the crumbling (putris) glebe unbinds itself by the Zephyr, Then (jam tum), under the deep-pressed (depresso) plough, let my ox (taurus) begin To groan, and the plough-share, worn bright (attritus) by the furrow, begin (ellip.) to glitter. 10. Their life was like the life (ellip.) of a beast, spent without any regularity (nullos agitata per usus); They were a savage people (et rude vulgus,) and destitute as yet of knowledge. (Pentam.) They had (norant) for houses leaves, for food (frugibus) herbs; Water, drunk out of their two hands, was their nectar. No ox panted under the curved (adunco) plough-share; No land was under the cultivation (imperio) of the husbandman (colentis). 11. The shepherd guides (agit) his flocks; he now takes in his arms (suscipit) the tender lambs, And gives them, while cherished in his bosom, the sweetest (selectas) herbs; He now seeks for the sheep that are lost, and brings back the wandering. 12. The third morning had from the heavens removed the cold shades of night (ellip.), When they sorrowfully (mærentes) collected together (rue bant) on the hearths the high raised (altus) ashes and The bones intermingled with each other, and placed over them a warm mound of earth. 13. Begone, ye sleepless cares; begone, complaints, And the host of envy with her " jealous leer malign" (transverso tortilis hirquo); Nor thou, O cruel calumny, bring hither thy envenomed scoffs (anguiferos rictus). 14. Thus (talis) the Parthian lord leads from the Tigris His barbarian troops, and proudly adorns his head With regal chaplets, gems, and rich attire. 15. Androcles, who had fled as an exile from the anger of his master, Wandered over the parched sands of Libya. (Pentam.) At length, when wearied and exhausted by his journey (labore viarum), A secret cave presented itself (patuit) to him at the side of a rock. 16. He enters the cave (hanc); and scarcely had he committed his wearied limbs to sleep, |