When HIC and ILLE refer to two things going before, HIC generally denotes the latter, ILLE the former.

Covetousness is worse [than] poverty: to the latter many [things] are wanting, to the former all [things]. What way soever thou lookest, there is nothing but sea and air, the latter swelling with clouds, the former threatening with waves.

He drew two weapons out of his arrow-bearing quiver, of different workmanship: the one drives away, and the other causes, love.

Avaritia malus sum inopia: hic multus desum, ille omnis. (Quocunque) aspicio subj. nihil sum nisi pontus et aër· nubes hic tumidus, fluctus ille minax.

(Eque) sagittiferus promo duo telum pharetra, diversus gen. plur. opus gen. plur.: fugo hic, facio ille amor.

Sometimes, where no ambiguity is occasioned by it, this distinction is reversed.

So is the god [Phoebus] and the virgin; the former swift with hope, the latter [swift] with fear. As when a greyhound has spied a hare in the empty plain, the former seeks its prey by flight, the latter its safety.

Sic Deus et virgo sum 3 per. sing.; hic spes celer, ille fem. timor.

Ut cùm canis Gallicus video lepus in vacuus arvum, et hic peto præda pes abl. plur., ille salus.

The adjective ALTER is used in this sense. The one we have in common with the gods, the other with brutes. One part is alive, the other part is rude earth. Immediately the one loves, the other flies the name of a lover.

It behoves thee to abound in the doctrines and rules of philosophy, both on account of the distinguished eminence of the

Alter neut. ego dat. plur. cum deus, alter neut. cum bellua commūnis sum. Alter pars vivo pres. act., rudis sum pars alter tellus. Protinùs alter amo, fugio alter fem.

nomen amans.

Tu acc. abundo oportet præceptum institūtumque philosophia, propter summus et doctor gen.

teacher and the city, the former of whom can advance thee in knowledge, the latter by exam

ples.

auctoritas

acc. et urbs

gen., qui alter possum augeo tu scientia, alter fem. exemplum.

The pronoun is, or ILLE, is often understood before the relative QUI.

He that gives himself up to pleasure, is not worthy the name of a man. He that wishes to avoid error, will give time and diligence to the considering of things.

That which is enough for nature is not [enough] for man. There are some that neither do good to themselves, nor to others.

Qui trado sui voluptas dat., non sum dignus nomen homo. Qui volo fut. effugio error, adhibeo2 tempus et diligentia ad res considerandus.

Qui neut. natūra satìs sum, homo non sum. Sum qui neque sui dat. neque alius dat. prosum.

IPSE is often joined to the primitives ego, tu, ille, sui. It may agree with these; as, ipse egomet, I myself; illa ipsa domina, the lady herself; but when the nominative and the word governed by the verb refer to the same person, it is better that ipse should be put in the nominative; thus, instead of saying te ipsum laudas, it is more elegant to say, te ipse laudas, thou praisest thyself.

I hate a wise man, who is not wise to himself. I want not medicine, I console myself.

He acquired to himself the greatest glory. I have written these [things] not that I should speak of myself.

On account of that power, which he had proposed to himself in his depraved imagination.

He who knows himself will

Odi sapiens, qui sui dat. ipse nom. sapiens non sum. Non egeo2 medicina abl., ego ipse consōlor.

Sui ipse pario3 laus magnus. Hic scribo, non ut de ego ipse dico3.

Propter is principātus, qui sui ipse opinio gen. error abl. figo3.

Qui sui ipse nosco3

feel [that] he has something in him divine.

Alcides, in his rage, bore it not, but, with a precipitous leap, threw himself amidst the flames.

(norit) alíquis sentio sui habeo divinus.

Alcides anĭmus abl. plur. non fero, (seque) ipse per ignis jacio3, præceps saltus abl.

ENGLISH TO BE TURNED INTO LATIN.

(Bear feras) the want of me, if not with a contented mind, (yet with a courageous one at forti.) Love of thee leads me into error. No part of me is free [from] pain (gen). (Each uterque) of us thinks his own condition the most miserable. (Which utervis) of you accuses me of dishonesty? (The elder major) of you is worthy of praise.

Possessives and the Reciprocals sui and suus.

Thy father (took care curāvit) that he should be thought rich. Who hates not Bavius, may he love thy verses, Mævius. (If thou knowest it not si nescis), that goat was mine. All [things are] full of Jove; he cherishes the earth, my songs (are his regard illi cura). (News has been brought fama perlata est), which affected me more (on thy account tuâ causa), than [on] mine. Each arms himself in recent spoils. Her own mind had infected her (acc. We admonish grammarians of their duty. (Scarcely a man non fere quisquam) invited him [to] his house (acc.). (Formerly quondamque) she wandered in her own fields. He had (impf.) his dogs about him. (Is it of advantage an est usus) to any man, that he should torment (pres. subj.) himself?

Meus, tuus, suus, &c. sometimes take after them ipsius, solius, &c.

(By thy own study His name alone will of you all. nostrá omnium).

By my help alone ye obtained pardon. tuo ipsius studio) thou wilt become learned. remains, and ever will remain. I obey the Things effaced from the memory (of us all By leave of you two, I enter.

HIC and ILLE, and ALTER.

The son of Venus drew out two darts; the latter he fixed in (the Peneian Peneide) nymph, but with the former (he wounded læsit) Phoebus. My father and brother are dead; the latter died (a young man juvěnis), the former old. There are two generals; (one alter) of whom betrayed, the other sold, the army; one of them lives, the other is dead.

IPSE and IDEM joined to ego, &c.

We have the man himself. I, (at that very eo ipso) time, was beyond the sea. Since the Roman people (remembers meminĕrit) this, it is most base, [that] I myself should not remember (inf.) [it]. A true friend (loves diligit) himself nothing more than his friend. (I am the self-same man idem ego ille) who loved thee (as my own brother in germāni fratris loco).

When the nominative, and the word governed by the verb, refer to the same person, it is better that ipse should be put in the

nominative.

Cato

He injured himself. In this I reproach myself. killed himself. I had not known myself. (They ipsi) have been able to effect nothing (of themselves per se) with vigour and resolution, without Sylla. The wise man who neither profits himself nor others (has wisdom in vain irrità pollet sapientia). Fannius destroyed himself.

Want, desiden; contented, æquus free from, expers: think, habeo cherishes, colo: more, magis; duty, officium: about, circa: torment, crucio: become, fio: and ever, æternumque: effaced, (remote): leave, venia: beyond, trans: since, quum: injure, noceo (with the dat.): reproach, exprobro (with a dat.); with vigour and resolution, (virtúte et constantia animi): profit, prosum (with a dat.): destroyed, perĭmo.

ADAM. RULE 5.

The same Case after a Verb as before it.

MODEL.

Love is a sort of warfare. Socrates was pronounced by the oracle the wisest of men.

Militia species amor est. Socrates oraculo sapientissimus judicātus

est.

ENGLISH TO BE TURNED INTO LATIN.

Honour is the reward of virtue. No friend will be a flatterer. (There ibi) is no confidence (where there ubi) is no love. Light is the sorrow which can take counsel. (He is) is a great orator, if not the greatest. What remains, (but nisi) that I must become a wretch? Folly is the mother of all evils. Oblivion is the companion of drunkenness. O fool! what (neut.) is sleep, (but nisi) the image of cold death? Numa Pompilius was made king, who carried on, indeed, no war, but (was not less serviceable non minùs profuit) to the city than Romulus:

Flatterer, adulātor: confidence, fides: light, lexis: remains, resto; I must become a wretch, (porrò miser fiam): was made, creo; to carry on, gero: the city, civitas.