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the master. The magistrate was then subservient to the people: punishments and rewards, were properties of the people: all honours, dignities, and preferments, were disposed by the voice and favour of the people. But the magistrate now has usurped the right of the people, and exercises an arbitrary authority over his ancient and natural lord. You miserable people! the mean while without money, without friends; from being the ruler, are become the servant! from being the master, the dependent; happy that these governors, into whose hands you have thus resigned your own power, are so good, and so gracious as to continue your poor allowance to see plays.

Believe me, Athenians, if recovering from this lethargy, you would assume the ancient freedom and spirit of your fathers: if you would be your own soldiers, and your own commanders, confiding no longer your affairs in foreign or mercenary hands; if you would charge yourselves with your own defence, employing abroad, for the public, what you waste in unprofitable plea sures at home: the world might, once more behold you making a figure worthy of Athenians." "You would have us then (you say) do service in our armies, in our own persons; and for so doing, you would have the pensions we receive in time of peace, accepted as pay in time of war. Is it thus we are to understand you ?"-Yes, Athenians, it is my plain meaning. I would make it a standing rule, that no person, great or little, should be the better for the public money, who should grudge to employ it for the public service. Are we in peace? the public is charged with your subsistence.-Are we in war, or under a necessity, as at this time, to enter into a war? let your gratitude oblige you to accept, as pay, in defence of your benefactors, what you receive, in peace as mere bounty. Thus, without any invocation; with out altering or abolishing any thing, but pernicious novelties, in, troduced for the encouragement of sloth and idleness; by converting only for the future, the same funds, for the use of the ser viceable, which are spent, at present, upon the unprofitable; you may be well served in your armies; your troops regularly paid; justice duly administered; the public revenues reformed, and increased; and every member of the commonwealth rendered useful to his country, according to his age and ability, with out any further burthen to the state.

This, O men of Athens! is what my duty prompted me to represent to you upon this occasion. May the gods inspire you to determine upon such measures, as may be most expedient, for the particular and general good of our country!

The perfect Speaker.

MAGINE to yourselves, a Demosthenes, addressing the most illustrious assembly in the world, upon a paint, whereon the

fate of the most illustrious of nations depended-How awful such a meeting! How vast the subject! Is man possessed of talents adequate to the great occasion? Adequate-yes, superior. By the power of his eloquence, the augustnesss of the assembly is lost, in the dignity of the orator; and the importance of the subject, for a while superceded, by the admiration of his talents.With what strength of argument, with what powers of the fancy, with what emotions of the heart does he assault and subjugate the whole man, and at once, captivate his reason, his imagination, and his passions !--To effect this, must be the utmost effort of the most improved state of human nature.-Not a faculty that he possesses is here unemployed: nor a faculty that he possesses, but is here exerted to its highest pitch. All his internal powers are at work all his external, testify their energies. Within, the memory, the fancy, the judgment, the passions are all busy: without, every muscle, every nerve, is exerted; not a feature, not a limb, but speaks. The organs of the body attuned to the exertions of mind, through the kindred organs of the hearers, instantaneously, and as it were with an electrical spirit, vibrate those energies from soul to soul.-Notwithstanding the diversity of minds in such a multitude, by the lightning of eloquence, they are melted into one mass-The whole assembly actuated in one and the same way, become, as it were but one man, and have but one voice. The universal cry is-Let us march against Philip-let us fight for our liberties-let us conquer or die !

On the duties af School-Boys, from the pious and judicious ROLLIN.

UINTILLIAN says, that he has included almost all the

Q duty of scholars in this one piece of advice which he gives

them, to love those who teach them, as they love the sciences which they learn of them; and to look upon them as fathers, from whom they derive not the life of the body, but that instruc tion which is in a manner the life of the soul. Indeed this senti. ment of affection and respect suffices to make them apt to learn during the time of their studies, and full of gratitude all the rest of their lives. It seems to me to include a great part of what is to be expected from them.

Docility, which consists in submitting to directions, in readily receiving the instructions of their masters, and reducing them to practice, is properly the virtue of scholars, as that of masters is to teach well. The one can do nothing without the other; and as it is not sufficient for a labourer to sow the seed, unless the earth after having opened its bosom to receive it, in a manner hatches, warms and moistens it; so likewise the whole fruit of instruction depends upon a good correspondence between the masters and the scholars.

Gratitude for those who have laboured in our education, is the character of an honest man, and the mark of a good heart. Who is there among us, says Cicero, that has been instructed with any care, who is not highly delighted with the sight, or even the bare remembrance of his preceptors, masters, and the place where he was taught and brought up? Seneca exhorts young men to preserve always a great respect for their masters to whose care they are indebted for the amendment of their faults, and for having imbibed sentiments of honour and probity. Their exactness and severity displease sometimes at an age when we are not in a condition to judge of the obligations we owe to them; but when years have ripened our understanding and judgment, we then discern that what made us dislike them, I mean admonitions, reprimands, and a severe exactness in restraining the passions of an imprudent and inconsiderate age, is expressly the very thing which should make us esteem and love them. Thus we see that Marcus Aurelius, one of the wisest and most illustrious emperors that Rome ever had, thanked the gods for two things especially for his having had excellent tutors himself, and that he had found the like for his children.

Quintillian, after having noted the different characters of the mind in children, draws, in a few words the image of what he judged to be a perfect scholar: and certainly it is a very amiable one. "For my part" says he, "I like a child who is encouraged by commendation, is animated by a sense of glory, and weeps when he is outdone. A noble emulation will always keep him in exercise, a reprimand will touch him to the quick, and honour will serve instead of a spur. We need not fear that such a scholar will ever give himself up to sullenness." Mihi ile detur puer, quem laus excitet, quem gloria juvet, qui virtus fleat. Hic erit alendus ambitu: hunc mordebit objurgatio; hunc honor excitabit: in hoc desidium nanquam verebar.

How great a value soever Quintillian sets upon the talents of the mind he esteems those of the heart far beyond them, and looks upon the others as of no value without them. In the same chapter from whence I took the preceding words, he declares, he should never have a good opinion of a child, who placed his stu dy in occasioning laughter, by mimicing the behaviour, mein, and faults of others; and he presently gives an admirable reason for it; "A child," says he, "cannot be truly ingenius, in my opinion, unless he be good and virtuous; otherwise, I should ra ther choose to have him dull and heavy, than of a bad disposi tion." Non dabit spem bonæ indolis, qui hoc imitandi studio petit, ut rideatur. Nam probus quoque inprimus erit ille vere ingeniosus: alioqui non pejus duxerim tardi esse ingenii, quam mali.

He displays to us all these talents in the eldest of his two chil

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dren, whose character he draws, and whose death he laments in so cloquent and pathetic a strain, in the beautiful preface to his sixth book. I shall beg leave to insert here a small extract of it, which will not be useless to the boys, as they will find it a model which suits well with their age and condition.

After having mentioned his young son who died at five years old, and described the graces and beauties of his countenance, the prettiness of his expression, the vivacity of his understanding, which began to shine through the veil of childhood: "I had still left me," says he, "my son Quintillian, in whom I placed all my pleasures and all my hopes and comfort; enough I might have found in him; for, having now entered into his tenth year, he did not produce only blossoms like his younger brother, but fruits already formed, and beyond the power of disappointment.-I have much experience; but I never saw in any child, I do not say so many excellent dispositions for the sciences, nor so much taste, as his masters know, but so much probity, sweetness, good nature, gentleness and inclination to please and oblige, as I discerned in him.

"Besides this, he had all the advantages of nature; a charming voice, a pleasing countenance, and a surprising facility in pronouncing well the two languages, as if he had been equally born for both of them.

"But all this was no more than hopes. I set a greater value apon his admirable virtues, his equality of temper, his resolution, the courage with which he bore up against fear and pain; for, how were his physicians astonished at his patience under a distemper of eight months continuance when at the point of death he comforted me himself, and bade me not to weep for him! and delirious as he sometimes was at his last moments, his tongue ran on nothing else but learning and the sciences: O vain and de ceitful hopes!" &c.

Are there many boys amongst us, of whom we can truly say so much to their advantage, as Quintillian says here of his son? What a shame would it be for them, if born and brought up in a Christian country, they had not even the virtues of Pagan children! I make no scruple to repeat them here again-docility, obedience, respect for their master, or rather a degree of affections, and the source of an eternal gratitude; zeal for study, and a wonderful thirst after the sciences, joined to an abhorrence of vice and irregularity; an admirable fund of probity, goodness, gentleness of soul in the course of a long sickness.-What then was wanting to all these virtues? That which alone could render them truly worthy the name, and must be in a manner the soul of them, and constitute their whole value, the precious gift of faith and piety; the saving knowledge of a Mediator, a sincere desire of pleasing God, and referring all our actions to trim.

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COLUMBIA.

By the Rev. Dr. Dwight.

COLUMBIA, Columbia, to glory arise of the skies!

of child

queen

Thy genius commands thee; with rapture behold,
While ages on ages thy splendours unfold.
Thy reign is the last, and the noblest of time,
Most fruitful thy soil, most inviting thy clime;
Let the crimes of the east ne'er encrimson thy name,
Be Freedom, and Science, and Virtue thy fame.

To conquest, and slaughter, let Europe aspire;
Whelm nations in blood, and wrap cities in fire;
Thy heroes the rights of mankind shall defend,
And triumph pursue them, and glory attend.
A world is thy realm: for a world be thy laws,
Enlarg❜d as thine empire, and just as thy cause:
On Freedom's broad basis, that empire shall rise,
Extend with the main and dissolve with the skies.

Fair Science her gates to thy sons shall unbar,
And the east see thy morn hide the beams of her star,
New bards, and new sages, unrival'd shall soar,
To fame, unextinguish'd when time is no more;
To thee, the last refuge of virtue design'd,
Shall fly from all nations, the best of mankind;
Here, grateful to Heaven, with transports shall bring
Their incense, more fragrant than odours of spring.
Nor less shall thy fair ones to glory ascend,
And Genius and Beauty in harmony blend;
The graces of form shall awake pure desire,
And the charms of the soul ever cherish the fire;
Their sweetness unmingled, their manners refin'd,
And virtue's bright image, instamp'd on the mind,
With peace and soft rapture, shall teach life to flow,
And light up a smile in the aspect of woe.

Thy fleets to all regions thy power shall display, The nations admire and the ocean obey;

Each shore to thy glory its tribute unfold,

And the east and the south yield their spices and gold.

As the day-spring unbounded, thy splendour shall glow, And earth's little kingdoms before thee shall bow; While ensigns of union, in triumph unfurl'd,

IIush the tumult of war, and give peace to the world,

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