Thermodynamics, Heat Motors, and Refrigerating MachinesJ. Wiley, 1889 - 452 pagina's |
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Overige edities - Alles bekijken
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
A B 9 absolute temperature adiabatic air thermometer ammonia atmosphere boiler C₁ carbon cent combustion compression condenser constant pressure constant volume cubic feet cubic foot cylinder density determined difference efficiency energy engine equal equation ether exercise experiments external fluid foot-pounds ft.-lbs gases gives H₁ heat absorbed heat of evaporation heat of fusion hence horse-power inch increase indefinitely indicator diagram initial isothermal K₁ latent heat liquid mean effective pressure melting point naphtha nearly P₁ P₂ path perature perfect gas piston plunger point of ice pound of air pound of steam pounds of water Rankine reduced refrigerator Regnault represented revolutions per minute saturated steam scale specific heat stroke substance superheated T₁ T₂ thermal units Thomson ture v₁ v₂ vapor velocity vessel weight ατ τυ
Populaire passages
Pagina 389 - It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency, to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects.
Pagina 389 - It is impossible, by the unaided action of natural processes, to transform any part of the heat of a body into mechanical work, except by allowing heat to pass from that body into another at a lower temperature.
Pagina 191 - For compressible flow this becomes: where y is the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to that at constant volume...
Pagina 386 - XlO~" of a meter) ; and the combined volume in a cubic foot will equal the number of molecules in a cubic foot multiplied by the volume of one molecule, and hence will be found the length of the mean free path and the coefficient of internal friction. We conclude, then, that a medium whose density is such that a volume of it equal to about twenty volumes of the earth would weigh one pound, and whose tension is such that the pressure on a square mile would be about one pound...
Pagina 371 - This is equivalent to considering it as gaseous in its nature, and at once compels us to consider it as molecular; and, indeed, it is difficult to conceive of a medium transmitting light and energy without being molecular. The Electromagnetic Theory of Light suggested by Maxwell, as well as the views of Newton, Thomson, Herschel, Preston, and others, are all in keeping with the molecular hypothesis. If the properties which we find by this analysis are not those of the aether, we shall at least have...
Pagina 376 - ... the attraction of the central body must be something like a million times as great as that of the sun, or have a diameter a million times as large ; but there being no such known body, therefore the density and tension of the (Ether may be considered uniform throughout space. Such has been our conception of it ; and it is an agreeable surprise to find it so fully confirmed by analysis. If the density were uniform, the weight of a given volume of it would vary as the force of gravity. At the surface...
Pagina 371 - Wo propose to treat the aether as if it conformed to the Kinetic Theory of Gases, and determine its several properties on the conditions that it shall transmit a wave with the velocity of 186,300 miles per second, and also transmit 133 footpounds of energy per second per square foot. This is equivalent to considering it as gaseous in its nature, and at once compels us to consider it as molecular; and, indeed, it is difficult to conceive of a medium transmitting light and energy without being molecular....
Pagina 377 - ... will leave the result sensibly the same as before. Hence, from this standpoint, we again conclude that the density of the aether may be considered as sensibly uniform throughout space, providing its temperature be essentially uniform. If we assume that the law of the resistance by which the aether opposes the motion of a body varies as the square of the velocity of the body, we are still unable to assign the coefficient which will give the numerical value ; but it is safe to assume that the entire...
Pagina 292 - B, a continuous passage from each cylinder leading to one common upright passage, into which a small ball, C, is fitted so as to oscillate with a slight rolling motion between seats formed in the junction. These chambers also connect by means of openings with the vertical...
Pagina 3 - In other words the potential energy of 772 pounds elevated one foot above the ground is equivalent to the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 55° F.