3 54, I, .35 Bigelow, Habits of Salmo Fontinalis. B. J. '50, rare. .75 2 Căla, Repts. Com❜rs of Fisheries. '70-'71, 24 PP: 72-73, 28 pp: 76-'77, 30 PP; 8, p, new, ea. .30 Comstock, Fish Breeding. U. S.'59, 22 pp. .15 4 Cope & Yarrow, Fishes of N, Mex. and Ariz. 69 pp, 7 pl. 61 figs, 4to, hmor, '71-'74, new. 4.00 Collius. Fish Culture. 14 pp, 8, unb,'72, new. .30 ¿ Fraas, Pisciculture U. S. '60, 7 Garlick, Artificial Propagation of Fish. 142 pp, 21 il, 8, '58, 3, rare. 1.00 8 Gill, seup and Blue Fish. 27 pp, 8, unb, '71, 3 Storer, Nova Scotia and Labrador Fishes. 24 PP, 2 pl, 7 figs, 8, p, '50, new, .40; 2 New Fishes, B. '42, pl, 5 .25 1.25 4 Suckley, Stone, et al. Salmon and Trout. 294 PP, 9 pl, 8, unb, '72, new. Suckley. Fishes of Neb., Minn., Cal, and Oregon, ete. P. R. '60, 62 pp, 23 pl, 125 figs. -75 6 Vermont, Fishes of. Storer and Thompson. 25 pp, 26 il, 8, unb, '42, new. very rare. 7 Vogt, Kunstliche Fischzucht. 2. Aufl. 58', '75. G, new. 1.50 8 Wood, W. W. 4 New Sp. Blennius and New Exocetus. Jour P. Ac. 24, pl, 1.25 9 Yarrow, Milner, et al. Shad and Alewife. 77 PP, pl. il, 8, unb, '72, new. 50 15600 Yarrow & Henshaw, Marine Fishes, Cal. 8, p, '78, 1. .10 1 Young, Sea Fishing as a Sport. 234 PP, 13 pl, 6 col, gilt, London, '72, new. Herpetology. 1,00 .50 .25 3 4 15370 Pisciculture in Am. Waters. U.S. '66, 29 pp. 5 pl,-25; Papers. P. Ac. New Cottoids, 59.20. New Callanidea & Salarianae, W. I. '59..20; Monog, of Labrosomus, Labrax and Phily pnl. '60, 24 pp. .50 1 Myliobatolds, and a new Aetobatis. N. Y. Lyc. 65, .35; New Type allied to Nemophis. N. Y. Lyc. '65, .35; Synop. F. W. Fishes of Trinidad. N. Y. Lyc. 65. 68 pp, .75 .75 2 Gill, Bibliog & Catalogue, Fishes, East Coast of N. Am. 34 pp, 8, unb, '72, new. 3 Girard, Ichthyol, of N. Mex., Ariz.. and Mexico. Boundary Survey. 85 pp, 41 pl, 220 figs, 4to, hmor, '60, new. 3 2.50 Fr. W. Fishes of N. A. Pt, 1, Cottoids, 79 PP, 3 pl, 4to, unb, '52, new, op. "Reptiles of Utah, ete. P. R. 59, 4 pl. "Reptiles of Cal. & N. Mor: 1.00 .50 59, 3 pl, .50 .45 37 figs Reptiles of Cal. P. R. '59, 4 pl, 28 figs. .50 6 Cooper. Reptiles of California, Nebraska, Oregon, etc. P. R. '60, 15 pp, 11 pl, 43 figs. .75 Papers, P. Ac. Salamandridae with 2 Cope, Batrachia, 106 pp, 8, p. 75, new. new p. 59, .50; Reptiles Trop. America and Asia. 60, .35: Cope. Yarrow, and t'oues Batrach, and Reptiles of Nevada, Utah, N. Mex. etc., 125 pp. 7 pl, 2 col, 4to, unb, '74, 1. .75 15620 Cope & Yarrow, Same. 74 PP, 4to, hmor, 1.50 3 Fishes of Cal. and Oregon, William. son's Expd P. R.57 34 PP, 11 pl, 64 figs, .50; Fishes of Utah, Williamson's Survey. P. R. '57, 6 pl, 41 figs, 50; Fishes of Cal, and Ñ. Mexico, Whiple's Survey. P. R. '57, 14 pl, 151 figs, .75; Fishes of Cal. P. R. '57, 10 pl, 59 fgs. .60 Ichthyolog. Notices. P.Ac. '59, 4 papers, ea. 50; or the lot, 1.50 7 Goode, Menhaden. 529 PP. 30 pl. 8, unb, '77, new. 1.00 Green, Seth, et al., Fish Culture. U. S. '68, 29 op, 8 pl, .20: Same. U. S. '72, 26 pp. 9 Hoy, Deep Water Fauna of Lake Michigan. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. '70, 8, unb, new. 15580 Japanese Fishes, Brevoort. 36 pp, 10 finely col. pl, 29 figs, 4to, unb, '56, new. .25 .75 2.00 1 Jordan, Sisco and other Fishes of Ind. Cox 42 pp, pl, 8, unb, '74, new. .50 a Kirtland, Fishes of the Ohio and its Tributaries. B. J. '42, 3 pl. 10 figs very scarce. 1.50 3 Klippart, Fish Culture. 20 pp, 8, unb, '72, new, .25 4 Lesueur Papers. Jour. P. Ac. Very Large Squalus, N. J. 22, very rare, 1.00; 4 New Sp. Muraenopbis. '25, pl. rare, 1.00 New Saurus. 25 pl, rare, 1.50; 2 New sp. Blennius. '24, s Lyman, Haime, et al., Fish Culture. Hist., Theory and Practice. 126 pp, pl, 8, unb, '72, new. rare, .50 .75 6 Kaine, Restoration of Sea Fish. 37 pp, 8, unb. 68, new. .35 7 Milner, Fisheries of the Great Lakes, with new species. 88 pp, 8, unb, 72, new. .50 1 Mitchill, New Diodon. N. Y. Lyc, '27, pl, rare, 1.00 9 N. Y. Nat. Hist. Survey, Reptiles & Fishes. Text. 422 PP, 4to, 42, 1, 300; or 2. 15630 Say, Land and Fr. W. Tortoises, U. 8: Jour. P. Ac. 24, 18 pp, rare, .75; 3 new Sp. Colu ber, Jour. P. Ac. '25, rare. 1.25 1 Sea Serpent, Report of Linnæan Soc. N. Eng. Bigelow et al. committee. 2 pl, 9 figs, 1 extra large drawn by Bigelow, 8, p, '17, 2, rare. I have no more duplicates of the following numbers from Conchology. 12351, mag mag kausap anaku, impo9, 12639, 12500, 12999, 1871, 1424, Me, Me, M118, 1263, 14441, Insect cases, bound in half roan, marbled, well made, 1 lid, 10x12 inches x 24 inches, one glass, $1.00; 2 lids, 18x12 inches x 21⁄2 inches, 2 glasses, $1.50. Ostrich Egg, large, $5 00, medium $2,75 List of Bird Skins on hand. First numbers refer to Smithsonian List in Oct. No. of LEISURE HOUR. 13.60 to 1.00, 17 .75, 13 1.00 to 1.50, 25 1.00, 34 4.00, 38 1.25. 43 3.50, 52 1.50, 54 1.00, 57 2 00, 69.20 to .40, 70 .25, 74.20 to .40, 76.15 to 35 77..40, 78.85 85.25 to.50 90.50, 94,35, 97 .30 to .50, 98 .50, 101 .40, 105 .50, 114 .50, 117.50 to .75, 124 .20, 130 1 50, 136 .35, 138.25, 141.35 to 50, 119.15, 151.30, 152,35, 15.20 to 25, 156 .50, 158.25, 161.20, 162.25, 167.25, 170 25, 172 1,25, 183 .25, 184 1.00, 185.20 to 50, 18.25, 187 25, 189.25 to .40, 194 25, 196 30, 197.50. 195.60 200 .25, 202 25, 203 25, 204 .20 to .25 211 1 25, 213 1.00. 223.35 225 .25, 227 .25, 233 25 to .50, 28650, 237.60 238 35,245.20, 248.40, 250.50, 253.80, 261 .16, 270.25, 273 70, 275 .35, 277 .25. 279.20 to 25 287 30, 2-8.00 to 1.25, 290 25, 296 30. 02.20 to 25. 3-5 20, 308.75, 313 .25 to 50, 316 .65 317. 25, 318.25, 319.50, 320 20 to .25, 325 25 332.50, 337 .20 340 1.00, 344 .50, 349 .0 to .25 354 .25, 357 .20, 363 .20, 366 .20, 374 .15, 375 1.00, 380 .75, 387 40, 390 .10 to .60, 591 .15 to .20, 392 .15 to .50 399 .20 to .35, 400.20 to 25, 401.25 to 35, 402 .85 403 .65, 4 7 40 to .75. 417 .20 to .75, 418 .75 421 .35, 428 2 00, 426 75 to 1 00, 432 1.50, 434 .35, 455 1.00, 437. 50, 448.60, 444% 2.00, 448 .75 451 .20, 453 .25, 4:9 2 50, 460 200 to 2 50, 465 1.00, 466 1.50, 471 .50, 473 1.25, 474.50 485a 1.50, 487 2.50 to 3,00, 491 50, 493 .25 to .75, 495 1.25, 497 2.00, 502 6.00, 504 25 to .50, 507 .15 to .25, 509 .85, 510.60, 515 .50, 520 1.25, 522 .65, 523 .25, 530.50 531 25,532,15, 533 .50, 34 .20 to 30, 539 40, 425 to 35, 543 25 to .5, 554 65, 5 5 .25, 5 9.75, 561 3.00, 678 1.25. 508 1,5, 595 Male 2.00, 96 6 00, 597 2.50, 60 1,70, 6/2 1.F0, 604 1.50, 6 6 2.0, 608 Male fine specimen 6.00. 609 1.60, 611 1.25, 628 .50, 647 .75, 653 410, 656 3 CO 658 8.00, 660 2.50, 661 1.50, 667 .75, 670 1.00, 672 1.50, 681 5 to 75, 698 2.00 701 2.25 729 150. List of Mounted Birds. 18 1.50, 14 2.5, 15 3,00, 17 1.50, 23 8.00, 25 1.50 to 3.00, 27 2.00, 38 2.50 to 30, 39 7.50, 49 1.50 to 2.0, E4 2.F, 69 1.00, 69.8 to 1. 0, 70 1.00, 74 2.00, 94 1.00, 96 1.00, 97 1.00,98 1.75, 126 .9010 (CO, 130.75, 131 1,25, 148.7, 159. 60, 165 60, 167.60,170.75, 173 1.2 to 150, 177 1.00, 183a 1.0 to 10, 192 1.75, 195 .75, 196.75, 198.60, 201 1.75. 202 .60, 220 35 to 1.00, 221a 2.0, 223 1.00 to 1.75, 228 1.00 to 1.0, 232 2.0, 24 a 1.25, 255 1.25 to 1.5o, 271 1.0, 275 .75, 277 .60, 281 1.00, 288 1.50, 290.60, 294 1.6, 315 1.15, 322 1.0 to 1.76, 322a 1.25 325 .75, 349 .70 to .75, 352 1.0 34a 1.00, 357.6, 381 1.25 to 1.75, 386 1.00 to 1.15, 387 .75, 391. 75 to .80, 394 1.0, 398 1.00, 399.00 to 1.50, 400 .75, 415.75, 416 1.0 417 1.25, 421 1.00, 426 1.50, 430 2.25, 432 1.25 to 2.25, 434 1.00, 436 1.50 to 1.75, 438 1.25, 448.75, 459 1.00 to 3.00, 462 3,50 473 3,00, 475 4.50, 492 2.00, 49 2.00, 496 2.50, 501 5.00, 502 12.50, 517 1.75, 522 1.50, 549 2.00, 554 .75, 560 2.00, 578 2.50, 581 1.25, 585 2.00, 589 1.75 to 2.00, 593 2.00, 594 1.25 to 2.00, 595 1.00 to 1.75, 597 1.00 to 1.75, 606 2.50, 609 1.50, 611 2.50, 613 2.00, 615 12.50, 616 5.00, 620 2.50, 028 3.75, 681 1.50, 698 3.50 to 5.00, 701 2.00, 707 1.00, 723 8.50. List of Nests and Eggs in Sets. 15 4.75, 48 3 3.50, 51 4 3.00, 54 2 2.80, 68 4 2.40, 69 4 .40, 101 N. 50, 126, 4 N .55, 124 & N .90, 139 N .25, 141 3 & N 5, 144 3 and N .55, 148 2 and N .40, 152 3 and N .55, 155 4 and N .40, 203 3 and N .20, 2464 N .40, 254 3 and 25, 261 4 and N 30, 263 3 90, 271 3 and N .60, 282 3 and N .75, 302 4 and N 1.25, 298 N .75, 302 4 and N 1.25, 298 N .75, 308 4 and N .75, 314 5 and N 60, 844 3 N60, 359 5 and N 50, 281 3 and N 1.50, 395 4 and N 1:75, 402 N 50, 407 3 and N .75, 416 4 and N 1.00, 4 185 and N 1.00, 471 7 and N .75, 504 4 .75, 995 3 and N .40. Eggs on Hand. 28.75, 43 1.25, 51.50, 64 1.00, 68.75, 69.15, 76 .25, 91.35, 94.05, 973 for 10, 109 .10, 117.15, 124.5, 126.15, 1:0.10, 185.10, 189.15, 143.07, 155 3 for 10, 158 3 for 10, 175 .50, 176.15, 186 10, 200 .25, 201.75, 203 .10, 2 7.10, 225 .05, 26.05, 227.10, 229 3 for 10. 236.10, 237.25, 246.10, 253 07 254 3 for 10, 258 .15, 261 .05, 263 .25, 268 .05, 270 .05, 271.15, 272.50, 282.25, 290,15, 305.20, 313 15, 318 .50, 844.15, 368 .07, 35 .05, 363 3 for 10, 378 .05, 380 .25, 382 30, 384.25, 386.25, 390.10, 391.07 392 .50, 399 .10, 400 8 for 10, 401 3 for 10, 406.07, 407,20, 408 .25, 414 01, 415 10, 416 .30, 418 .25, 42010, 421 3 for 10, 426 .07, 434 .05, 47.50, 445,50, 451 .06, 453.60, 459.75, 160 1.00, 461 1.00 462 1.00. 465 .15, 466 .75, 471 .10, 473 .75, 474 .15, 485.07. 486.15, 489 .20, 490 .07, 495 .15, 499 .20, 504 .20, 506 .75, 512 .75, 18 30, 536 .40, 637 .50, 543 .15, 545.10, 552 .15, 553.15, 554 20, 515 15, 558.30, 567 50. 576 .10, 600 1.00, 611 1.00, 612 .60, 661 .15, 662.60, 672 .40, 681 .40, 689 .10, 190 .10, 694 .05, 709.15, 729 .40, English Sparro.05. Inches in diameter, and prices per doz. pair for Black Eyes. Enameled Eyes. 750 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 75 8.00 9.00 shields, Sciurus vulpinus, Fox-Squirrel, Caniculus, English Rabit, Mus decumanus, Brown Rat, White Rabit, Mus musculus, Common Mouse, Jaculus huusonius, Jumping Mouse, Dog, Canis Felis domesticus Cat, Kangaroo, 10 00 20,00 Cervus axis Axis Deer, Celogenys subniger, Paca, Ichneumon, Ant eater, Didelphys virginiana, Opossum, Brown Weasel, Capra ægagrus; Goat, small, Camelus" Came 6 days old, Camelopardalis Girffa, Giraffe Skins of birds can be mounted at from 7 c. to $5,00, or mammals 75c. to $15.00; large numbers at much lower rates. Having recently disposed of a large lot of skins to a well-known taxidermist, my number of species is not as large as it has been, and as it probably will again soon be. Ta rantu.as, from Santa Barbara Cal. 35c, to 1.00. Stuffed Fish, heads, skeletons, &c., &c., on hand. For other Mammals Birds, cases of Birds. & C., see October "Leisure Hour." For List of Glass Shades June "Leisure Hour"" * Fhave no more duplicates of the following numbers from Entomology. 12116, 12123, 12144, 12153, 55, 12160, 12187, 12188, 12197, 12203, 12208. Flowers. Gorgeous flowrets in the sunlight shining, Brilliant hopes, all wove in gorgeous tissues, These in flowers and men are more than seeming, In all places then, and in all seasons, Flowers expand their light and soul like wings, Teaching us by most persuasive reasons, How akin they are to human things. And with childlike, credulous affection -LONGFELLOW. Two millions of eucalyptus trees have been planted in Algeria. The French Government has granted a subvention to a company for the planting of a yet larger number. In Corsica more than a million trees have been planted. In Cyprus 30,000 have already been planted by the British authorities in the fever-infested localities. The Italian Government is planting a forest of these miasma-absorbing trees on the Campagna, in the vicinity of Rome, Prince Troubetkey thinks the Eucalyptus amygdalina is the most useful variety of the tree It is very picturesque and of remarkably rapid growth. Plants grown in pots, and replanted at the age of six months, have attained in eight years a height of 17 metres. Its leaves contain six times as much volatile oil as those of the Eucalyptus globulus. It grows as well in a damp as in a dry and exposed soil. It bears cold very well, having resisted a temperature of 21 deg. Fahrenheit in a villa near Rome. It has lately been asserted that the beneficial influence of the Eucalyptus is not owing to any absorbing power in the foliage but in the root. Similar, though not equal, advantages are said to be derived from planting the willow and other quick-growing trees in malarial districts. No. April, 1880. New York Local Office & Depot, 4 Murray St. square from Post Office. How a Botanic Garden is formed in Japan. The following extract from a report from Hakodate, Southern Yesso, says the Gardener's Chronicle, will indicate the aptness of these intelligent people, the Japanese, to seize a new idea from a foreigner. An inkling was given to three of the principal native storekeepers by a lady to start a botanical garden. The idea was jumped at as this was the very thing they had always desired to have, the Japanese being so very fond of flowers, and more especially of foreign flowers; but the individuals in question, who are brothers, did not know how to set about it, and what seeds to order and when they had them what to do with them. Accordingly a plan for a garden was drawn up, and some one having an idea of gardening was engaged, after which a spot of ground was selected most suitable for a flower garden; but when application was made for it, the Kaitakushi took the matter in hand and has now started a public garden, the foreign directress still being consulted on all matters. In order to give it the character of a public undertaking, every ward of the town was induced, in succession, to work there one whole day besides regular coolies paid by the Kaitakushi. When the whole town had thus contributed its quota of labor, all the singing girls of the tea houses, with the other inmates of these establishments, dressed up in gay colors, were engaged there one whole day in smoothing down the paths with a stone fastened to ropes handled by about a dozen girls each, singing and dancing all the time; and to crown all, one Sunday all the officials, from the highest to the lowest, dressed in laborers' working clothes, were engaged in finishing the "fusigama" of the garden, without which no Japanese garden is complete. THE SORROWFUL TREE, so called because it only flourishes in the night, is found on the island of Goa, near Bombay. The flowers, which appear soon after sunset, close up or fall off as the sun rises. It has a fragrant odor, and blossoms at night the year round. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The following extract from the Journal of Dr. W. H. Harvey, F. R. S. late Professor of Botany in Trinity College, Dublin, will be of interest to those visiting this city. It bears date, Philadelphia, 1849. "Tuesday, I called on Dr. Hare, late Professor of Chemistry in the University, who took me to. the Laboratory, and introduced me to Professor Rogers. There I met several persons, among whom was Dr. Leidy, a young man, who will be famous if he lives, and goes ahead, according to present promises. (There is no question about his going ahead 1880.) He has been finding new plants. Where? In the stomachs and intestines of insects-several new genera and species, very curious and beautiful, opening up quite a new field of research. These plants are not indicative of disease, but exist in the healthiest individuals. I afterwards met him at the Academy, and he accompanied me over the museum, the collection of birds in which is said to be the finest in the world. Agassiz, and the Prince of Canino, both good authorities, say that there is no such single cabinet in Europe. They have two kinds of Apteryx, one of which, I was told was unique. There is a specimen of the other in the Museum of Trinity College, Dublin. They have 180 kinds of humming birds, and ostriches in proportion. There is a splendid series of toucans, &c. The fossils are very fine. Here also is the largest collection of human skulls--of all nations, tongues and people--to be found anywhere outside of a catacomb. To this museum is appended a rich library of natural history, containing most of the beautifully illustrated works on ornithology, besides a very fair set in other branches, amongst which is the Phycologia. The whole of the birds and fossils and a great part of the books are the gift of Dr. Wilson of Philadelphia, a young man of about five and thirty, who will not even allow himself to be thanked for his donations, much less will he have them called by his name. He has expended (they say) some 25,000 £ sterling for this museum, and is still giving. His object is evidently to place the science of his country on an independent footing, and this is surely a noble one. (But unfortunately he left nothing to support and increase it.-A. E. F.) In the evening I went to an ordinary meeting of the Academy, and heard part of a paper read by Dr. M.* on skulls, wherein he asserted, as his opinion, founded on a most extensive examination of human skulls, that all mankind are not the children of Adam, but that several distinct species of men have been created in different countries, just as divers species of other genera have been formed. What is stranger still, he says that this opinion is not controverted by the Bible, but may even be illustrated and confirmed by it. Whom did Cain marry?" See Adamites and Preadamites by Prof. Winchell, price 10 cents, * Morton. DR. JOSEPH LEIDY'S "Monograph of the Freshwater Rhizopods of North America" forms a quarto volume of several hundred pages, enriched by numerous finely colored plates, and is the twelfth of the grand series of final Reports of the United States Geological Survey due to Dr. Haydens scientific zeal. The author has been long engaged upon this book, and brings to the elucidation of this subject unequalled knowledge of the branch of which he treats. The introductory chapter furnishes a general account of the rhizopods, giving the characteristics which serve to identify them, telling where they dwell, how they live, in what way to catch them, and the proper method for studying them under the microscope and otherwise. The class Rhizopoda, Dr. Leidy separates into five orders, as follows: Protoplasta, Heliozoa, Radiolaria, Foraminifera, and Monera. Dr. Leidy confines himself to those species which inhabit American ponds and rivers. Price $4 postpaid. GRAY'S NEW STRUCTURAL BOTANY. This is a new, and sixth, edition of a work which has for many years held an undisputed rank among standard text-books in this science. The present edition is not simply a re-issue, but has been entirely re-written and the compass of the work greatly extended, so much so as to require its division into several volumes, each a distinct treatise in itself. The volume now published is, therefore, marked Part I., and its descriptive title is "Structural Botany; or, Organography on the Basis of Morphology; to which is added the principles of Taxonomy and Phytography, and a Glossary of Botanical Terms." All that is necessary to guide the student to a knowledge of the structure of Phænogamous plants, and thus to prepare him for the scientific study of botany, is here presented with the utmost clearness and precision, the text being profusely illustrated with well-executed wood cuts, It is Professor Gray's design to follow this with other volumes, in which he is to have the assistance of his colleagues, Professors Goodale and Farlow, the former preparing the volume on Physiological Botany, and the latter the introduction to Cryptogamous Botany, while a concluding volume, giving a sketch of the natural orders of phænogamous plants, their special morphology, classification, distribution and so forth, Professor Gray hopes to write himself. This division really adds to the general usefulness of the work, since it relieves the student of the first part of much that is beyond the reach of any but a professional botanist, and at the same time admits of an exhaustive presentation of each department of the science in its order. $2.00 The following books of the Botanical List cannot at present be supplied, April 27, 1880: 9703, 9708, 9730, 9729, 9720, 9731, 9736, 9744, 9755, 9756, 9757, 9760, 9761, 9766, 9780, 9781, 9786, 9791, 9792, 9797. 9797a, 9831a, 9837, 9840, 9841, 9843, 9844, 9845, 9847, 9853, 9854, 9856, 9860, 9861, 9862, 9875, 9880, 9298, 9298e, 9298, 9298nn, 9298p, 9298t, 9298v, 9298y, 92996,9299,9299m, 9299, 12004, 12005, 12006, 12010, 12016, 12017, 12023, 12024, 12025, 12026, 12030, 12037, 12042, 12046, 12048, 12050, 12053, 12056, 12059, 12061, 12062, 12064, 12065, 12072, 12073, 12075, 12076, 12079, 12084, 12084a, 12084b. New England Trees. I offer for sale a choice collection of 50 specimens of wood, representing the native trees of New England. Each block is 5 inches long, 1/4 inches wide, and inch thick. Every specimen bears a printed label giving both the scientific and the common name. The collection of 50 woods is offered for $2.50, which is less than the cost for collecting. No cabinet of Natural History is complete without a collection of this kind; and we have had occasion to notice the marked interest and evident gratification with which visitors to a museum have lingered to examine such a collection of native or of foreign woods. In preparation of the following descriptive articles, we have been largely indebted to Mr. G. B. Emerson's admirable report on trees and shrubs of Massachusetts, published in Boston, 1875. White Pine. Pinus Strobus.-The tallest and most stately tree of the New England forests. Full grown trees vary in height from 100 to 200 feet, and Dr. Dwight mentions one in Lancaster, N. H., which measu red 264 feet, a mast was made from a white pine on the Penobscot River in Maine, which after being hewn was 90 feet long, and 3 feet in diameter. The qualities of the wood are lightness, softness, and durabiilty; and for the extent and variety of its uses no other timber approaches it. In the construction of a dwelling it may be used with advantage in every part except the floors. It is little known in the Southern and South-western States. The pine forests of Maine, New York and Pennsylvania, once the chief sources of supply of this invaluable timber, are rapidly disappearing, and we are now deriving large supplies from Michigan and Canada. Pitch Pine. Pinus Rigida.-A smaller and less attractive tree than the preceding, with rough bark and deep green foliage. It is commonly 40 or 50 feet high, and 1 or 2 feet in diameter at the base. A few trees are still standing in Massachusetts that are 100 feet in heighth and 3 to 4 feet thick. It is largely used for floors of houses for which purpose it is not inferior to the southern pine. Unlike the white pine, it is very durable in damp situations, and is therefore used for sills, railroad ties and mill timbers. Its resinous nature makes it valuable for fuel. Hemlock Spruce. Abies Canadensis.-This is the most beautiful of all our evergreens, and in early summer perhaps no tree rivals its rich and varied verdure. It is a favorite tree in ornamental planting, and is well adapted for hedges. It grows to the height of 80 to 100 feet. The wood is used in the Eastern and Middle States for the frames of houses, for rough boards and plastering lath. The bark is much used for tanning leather, and is mixed with oak bark to produce the best results. Black or Double Spruce. A. Nigra.-A medium sized tree of dark somber foliage, and very regular conical form. The wood is light and elastic, and is much used for the smaller spars of ships. A mast made of it shows no signs of decay after more than 30 years use. It is also much used for shingles. The popular beverage, spruce beer, is made from the young shoots of this tree. White Spruce. A. Alba.-A tree of lighter green foliage and less spreading growth than the preceding. The wood is used for similar purposes; and when ground into pulp is employed in the manufacture of paper. From its tough roots the Canadian Indians make the thread with which they sew their birch bark canoes. Balsam Fir. A. Balsamea.-A beautiful tree of deep green foliage and regular form. Its beauty is increased by its large and numerous cones of à soft purple color. The valuable Canada Balsam is gathered by puncturing the rough bark. The wood is of little value, and the tree is short-lived. Larch. Larix Americana.-All of our other cone bearing trees are evergreens, but the Larch drops its leaves at the approach of winter. It is a slender tree of medium height. Its wood is very compact, heavy, and durable, and is especially prized by ship builders, who know it by the name of Hacmatack. White Oak. Quercus Alba.-A noble forest tree, of widely spreading form in open situations. Its name is derived from the whitish bark. Next to the white pine, it is the most valuable of our trees. It furnishes the best ship timber, and is largely used in the manufacture of wagons, agricultural implements, casks, common chairs, and baskets. The bark is valuable to the tanner. Red Oak. Q. Rubra.-This tree attains its greatest perfection in New England, and is especially abundant in Massachusetts, where it sometimes even rivals the White Oak in size and majesty of form. In general utility it is far inferior to the white oak. Even for fuel it is of little value and the bark is almost worthless. Beech. Fagus.-This tree is remarkble for the density of its shade and the smoothness of its bark, It grows rapidly and reaches a height of 80 to 100 feet. The compact heavy wood is used for plane stocks and saw-hanales. The sap wood is firmer and more durable than the heart. The fruit is a rich oily nut, eagerly devoured by swine, squirrels, and partridges. Chestnut. Castanea vesca.-A large and abundant tree, valuable for its nuts and its timber. The nuts, though much smaller than those of Europe, are sweeter and more nutritious. Close observers say that the chestnut moth weevil lays one egg in each bur, and thus they account for the fact that in a quantity of chestnuts, about one-third are found to be wormy. The timber is more used than formerly. Its durability has long recommended it for fence posts and rails, and of late years it is largely used in cheap furniture, and the interior wood work of houses. If to be varnished or oiled, the pores should be carefully filled. American Hornbeam. Carpinus Americana.-A small tree, 20 to 30 feet in height, admired for its soft green foliage, which in autumn changes to bright scarlet and orange. The wood is white and solid, and is used for mallets and levers. Lever Wood. Ostrya Virginica.-This closely resembles the last in size and foliage. The uses of the wood are similar, but it is even harder and tougher, and it is often called "iron wood." Butternut. Juglans Cinerea.-A broad topped tree seldom more than 40 to 50 feet in height. The nut when half grown makes excellent pickles, and when ripe, if carefully dried, contains a sweet kernel. The wood is light and durable, of a pale reddish color, and is used for making drawer fronts, coffins, gunstocks and panels of carriages. Black Walnut. J. Nigra.-This tree is less abundant in New England than the butternut, which it much resembles in size, form, and foliage. The leaves are smoother and the fruit spherical, while the butternut is long and oval. In the States bordering the Ohio River, the Black Walnut reaches its greatest size and yields its valuable timber in its highest perfection. This when first cut is of a purplish color, but soon changes to a rich dark brown, becoming in some cases nearly black with age. It is beautifully shaded and admits a fine polish; and no other American wood is so largely in demand for furniture and ornamental wood work of every description. The rapid consumption of walnut lumber is rendering it every year scarcer and more valuable in the market. It has also been largely exported to Germany and other foreign countries. English Walnut. J. Regia.-This tree has been successfully introduced into New England, but is less hardy than our native species. Its well known nut is in constant demand. Black Birch. Betula Lenta.-This is the most beautiful Yellow Birch. B. Lutea.-This is a rather larger tree Red Birch. B. Nigra.-This graceful tree is usually |