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Albany.-Character and Labours of Mr. E. C. Delavan.-Opposition of the Rich.-
Backed by the Clergy.-Wide Field yet open for Temperance Efforts.-Examples of
Disaster from Rum and Gunpowder.-Lines in Commemoration of the 4th of July.-
Climate of Albany.-Extreme Cold and Heat.-Excessive Heat at all the great Cities.
-Ludicrous Effects attributed to this.-Badness of the Pavements in America.-De-
ficiency of Benevolent Institutions in Albany.-Visit to the Orphan Asylum there.-
History of its Origin and Funds.--Description of the Establishment.-Successful Ex-
periment on Vegetable Diet.-Exercises of the Children in Geography.-Patriotic
Speech of one of the Pupils.-Republican Hymn.-Air of God save the King.-Ef-
fect of such Exercises on the youthful Mind.-Annual Cost and Weekly Expense of
each Orphan.-Unsatisfactory Visit to the Albany Museum
Page 42
CHAPTER V.
Excursion to the Shaker Village of Niskyuna.-Description of their Place of Worship
-Arrangement for the Reception of Strangers.-Costume of the Shakers, Male and
Female.-Silent Commenceinent of their Devotions.-Address of one of the Male
Elders.-First Hymn sung by all the Worshippers.-Address of a second Elder to the
Visiters. Attitude of Kneeling, and Invitation to the Angels.-Defence of the Char-
acter of the Institution.-Speech of one of the Female Elders.-Commencement of
the devotional Dancing-Gradually increasing Fervour of their Devotion -Hymns to
Quick Song-tunes, and a Gallopade.-Extravagant Evolutions of the Female Dan-
cers.-Comparison with the whirling Dervishes of Damascus.-Fanaticism of Chris-
tians, Mohammedans, and Hindus 56
CHAPTER VI.
Origin of the Sect of Shakers in Germany and France.-Transplanting of the Sect to
England in 1706.-Biography of Ann Lee, the Founder in America.-First Settle-
ment at Niskyuna.-Death of Ann Lee-Progress and Present State of the Society
of Shakers.-Recent Spread of the Society in the Western States
CHAPTER VII.
63
Leading Peculiarities of the Sect of Shakers.-Community of Property in all the Fam-
ilies.-Celibacy of the entire Body, in both Sexes.-Non-existence of any Priesthood.
-Use of the Dance in Religious Worship.-Rules for the Admission of new Mem-
bers.-Order and Arrangement of the Society's Affairs.-Scriptural Authorities for
Community of Property
.
CHAPTER VIIL
. 71
Peculiar Opinions as to the original Sin of Adam and Eve.-Scriptural Authorities in
support of these Views.-Milton's Paradise Lost.-Curse denounced on Woman at
the Fall.-Fulfilment of this in the Punishment of Child-bearing.-Peculiar Crimes
of the antediluvian World.-Child-bearing of Sarah in her old Age.- First Instance
of a Child being conceived through Faith alone.-Examples and Illustrations from
the Mosaic Law.-Authority of Mr. Wilberforce quoted by the Shakers.-Profligacy
of the Sexes during the Reign of Antichrist.-Early Conduct of Church-reformers,
Luther and Calvin.-Authority of John Wesley in Support of Celibacy.-Birth and
Example of the Saviour.-Opinions of the Apostles on the Subject of Marriage-Re-
ply of Jesus to the Sadducees touching Wives and Husbands.-The chosen Saints in
Heaven "not defiled with Women."-Answers of the Shakers to the Objections
urged against them.-Admission of the utility of Marriage to the "World's People."—
Practice of clapping the Hands and Dancing, used in their Worship.-Examples of
Miriam, Jephthah, and David-Scriptural Commands to clap the Hands, to sing, and
dance. Answer to the Objections made to these Practices.-General Reflections on
the Sect and their Peculiarities
CHAPTER IX.
76
Journey from Albany to Schenectady.-Description of the City and College.-Journey
from Schenectady to Ballston Centre.-Stay at the Country Seat of Mr. Delavan.
-Efforts for the Promotion of Temperance.-General Cocke, the Philanthropist of
Virginia. Mr. Delavan's Mission to England.-Proposed Plan for the Benefit of Em-
igrants-First Intercourse with American Farmers-Inferior Appearance of the
Country to England.-Superior Condition of the Farmers and Labourers.-Independ-
ence of the Occupiers of Land.-Absence of Tithes, Poor-laws, and other Burdens.
CONTENTS.
-Superior Intelligence of American Farmers.-More comfortable Condition of Farm-
labourers.-Fine Field for European Emigrants.-Causes which retard their Prog-
ress here.-Statistical Proofs of the Evils of Intemperance.-Contrast produced by
Temperate Habits among Farmers.-High State of general Health in the Districts.
-Longevity of the Temperate Livers.-Small Proportions of Paupers needing Re-
lief.-First Sabbath spent in a Rural District. Happy and Prosperous Condition of
Domestics Regularity of Attendance on Public Worship.-Equality of Privilege
among all Classes.-America a Land of Contrasts in Good and Evil.-Practice of
Page 87
Lobbying" in the State Legislatures.-Corresponding corrupt Practices in Eng-
land.-Journey through Ballston to Saratoga
CHAPTER X.
Arrival and Stay at Saratoga Springs.-History of the first Settlement of the Spot.-
Conveyance of Lands by Indian Chiefs.-Progressive Increase of the Settlement.--
Origin of the Popularity of the Springs.-Building of the principal Hotels.-Situation
and Appearance of Saratoga.-Characteristics of the principal Houses.-Interesting
Spots in the Environs.-Chymical Analysis of the Waters.-Chief Attraction to Vis-
iters at Saratoga.-Great Variety of Character for Observation.-Elegance of the
Men and Beauty of the Women.-Deficiency of Females in Expression and Passion.
-Difference of Youth and Age in the Men-American Authority for Degeneracy of
Manners.-Freedom of Intercourse with the Young of both Sexes.-Routine of a Day
at Saratoga.-Order and Succession of Meals and Intervals.-American Sketch of
the American Character.-Evening Amusements.-Hops, Balls, and Concerts.-Spe-
cimen of two American "Popular Discourses."-Imitations of the " Diary of a Phy-
sician."-Discourse on the Nursery Tale of "Cock Robin."-General Opinions ex-
pressed on this Performance.
CHAPTER XI.
98
Sensitiveness of Americans to foreign Censure.-Opinion of Mr. Latrobe on American
Character.-Evil Effects produced by Hotel and Boarding-house Life.-Too early In-
troduction of the Young to public Society.-Effects on the Taste and Manners of the
more advanced.-Disadvantages to married and elderly Persons.-No Return for this
in improved Health or Vigour.-Equal Applicability of this to English Watering-
places.-Suggestion of a better Mode of making Summer Excursions.-Beneficial
Effects which would flow from its adoption -Deaths of two Inmates of the House at
Saratoga.-Impressive Solemnity of a Quaker Funeral.-Address of an Elder or Pa-
triarch of the Society.-Affecting Prayer of the Mother of the Deceased.- Effect pro-
duced on the whole Assembly.-Contrast with more gorgeous Funerals -Quakers
universally friendly to Abolition.-Many of the American Clergy Apologists for
Slavery. Prejudices on Republicanism and on Monarchy.-Opinion of Mr. Cooper,
the American, on Slavery.-Fallacies of the Arguments used on this Subject.-Public
Meeting at Saratoga on Education.-Public Meeting at Ballston on Temperance.-
111
Comparison between English and American Farmers.-Difference in the Appearance
of the Females
CHAPTER XII.
Leave Ballston for the Falls of Niagara.-Departure from Schenectady by the Railroad.
-Beautiful Valley of the Mohawk.-Little Falls on this River.-Rích alluvial Plains
of the German Flats.-Villages of Herkimer and Frankfort.-Romantic Beauty of the
Mohawk Valley.-Arrival and Stay at Utica.-Stage Journey from Utica to Syra-
cuse.-Comparison of American and English Coaches.-Use of Sea-phrases by Amer-
ican Drivers.-Villages of New-Hartford, Manchester, and Vernon.-Oneida Castle.
-Indian Reservations.-Arrival and Stay at Syracuse.-Journey to Auburn by wood.
en Railroad.-Arrival and short Stay at Auburn.-Departure from Auburn for Can-
andaigua.-Passage by Bridge over the Lake Cayuga-Village built on the Seneca
Falls.-Pass through Waterloo to Geneva
CHAPTER XIII.
123
Beautiful Position and Appearance of Geneva.-Peculiarities of the Lake on which it
stands.-Pretended Female Saviour of the World.-Arrival at the Village of Canan-
daigua.-Description of the Town and Lake of that Name.-Excellent Provision for
promulgating the Laws.-History of the Tract of the Genesee Country.-Sale of six
Millions of Acres of Land.-Purchase Money, eightpence Sterling per Acre.-Same
Land now worth fifty Dollars per Acre.-Arrival at Rochester, on the Genesee River.
-Embark on the Erie Canal for Buffalo-Statistics of the Erie Canal.-Names of
Ancient and Modern Cities along its Banks.-Description of the Boats on the Canal.
-Locks of the Canal at Lockport.-Arrival at Buffalo, on Lake Erie.-Journey to the
Cataract-house at Niagara.
CHAPTER XIV.
Page 130
First Sight of the Rapids above the Falls.-Visit to the great Cataract above and below.
-Impressions created by different Views.-Lines addressed to Niagara.-Repeated
Excursions to every Part of the Falls.-General Description of the Locality.-Indian
Etymology." The Thunder of the Waters."-Difference between the American and
Canadian Falls.-Circuit of Goat Island.-Bridge and Ferry.-Breadth of the Strait,
and of the two Cataracts.-Quantity of Water discharged every Minute.-Gradual
Retrocession of the Falls.-Facts of Recent date in support of this.-Daring Leap
over the Cataract.-Appearance of the Scene in Winter.-Vast Mound of Ice.-As-
cent to its Summit.-Historical Notices of the Falls.-Register of Travellers.-Vil-
lage of Manchester.-City of the Falls.- Hotels. . 137
CHAPTER XV.
Excursion to the Tuscarora Settlement.-History of this Tribe of Indians.-Council of
the Sachems, Chiefs, and Warriors.-Object of the Meeting.-Women and Children
present at the Council.-Description of the mixed Assembly.-Terms proposed to the
Indians. Translation of the English Speech into the Tuscarora Tongue.-Opposi-
tion made to the Treaty.-Final Assent of the Chiefs.-Signatures and Ratification
by Witnesses.-Statistics of the Tribe in Numbers and Lands.-Mode of Government
and State of Property.-Missionary Labours, Religion, and Education.-Difficulty in
teaching the Women and Children--Return to Niagara along the Banks.-Extensive
Forests towards Lake Ontario.-Brock's Monument.-Outlet of Niagara.- Descrip-
tion of the Devil's Hole and Whirlpool.-Finest distant View of the Cataract.-Pas-
sage of the Ferry after Sunset.-Grandeur of this Night-view of the Cataract.-Last
Look at the Falls from Table Rock.-Increased Beauty and Sublimity of the Scene
147
CHAPTER XVI.
Leave Niagara for the Village of Chippewa.-Embark in the Steamboat for Buffalo.-
Passage by Schlosser.-Wreck of the Caroline.-Difficulty of Ships going over the
Falls. Descent of an Indian over the Cataract.-Passage by Navy Island.-Canadian
Rebellion.-Escaped Prisoner one of our Passengers.-Landing at Whitehaven on
Grand Island.-Splendid Forests of Oak and other Timber.-Saw-mills and Frames
of Ships here.-Proposed City of Refuge to be built here for the Jews.-Monument
of Major Noah recording this Project.-Passage along the Canada Shore.-Waterloo
and Fort Erie.-Second Arrival in the Harbour of Buffalo
CHAPTER XVII.
. 157
Stay in the City of Buffalo.-Sketch of its History.-Destruction by the British.-Sub-
sequent grant of Congress to repair its Losses.-Revival and rebuilding.-Rapid
Progress from thence.-Statistics of its Commerce.-Financial Report to the State
Legislature.-Prospects of future Greatness.-Advantageous and agreeable Situation
of Buffalo.-The Welland Canal from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.-Description of
Buffalo, its Buildings and Population.-Projected Public Buildings, University and
Exchange.-Environs, Rides, Villas, Prospects, Climate-Steamboats, Schooners,
Brigs, and Ships.-Source of the great River St. Lawrence.-Size, Depth, and Ele-
vation of the Lakes.-Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario.-Public Meet-
ing of the Bethel Society of Buffalo.-American Picture of the maritime Population
163
CHAPTER XVIII.
Visit to the Settlement of the Seneca Indians.-Statistics of this Tribe in Numbers
and Lands.-Council of the Chiefs in the open Forest-Description of the Tribe and
their Condition-Visit to the Grave of the great Chief Red Jacket.-Anecdote of
Red Jacket and Lafayette.-History of the "White Woman," Wife of an Indian
Chief-Atrocities of the English leading the Indians.-Testimony of Corn-planter, a
retired Seneca Chief.-Corroborating Narrative of the "White Woman"-Evils pro-
duced by the use of intoxicating Drinks. Winters at Buffalo. - Freezing of the
Lakes. Church-going, Sleighing Parties, and Religious Revivals.-Progress of the
Catholics in the Western Cities.-Alarm of the Protestant Sects at this.-Episcopa-
lian Measures of counteraction.-Division of New-York into two Bishoprics.-News-
papers of Buffalo, Number and Character - Discussion on the rise of Water in the
Lakes-Curious Theory broached on this Subject.-Journey from Buffalo to Roches-
Page 176
-Williamsville, Ransom's Grove, Peinbroke.-Batavia to Rochester by Railroad
ter.-
CHAPTER XIX.
First Settlement of Rochester.-Contest with wild Bears -Purchase of Indian Land
-Death and Character of the original Founder-Last Pagan Sacrifice of the In-
dians. Striking Resemblance to the Scapegoat of the Jews. First Christian
Church. Incorporation as a City.-Education, Sunday-schools.-Temperance Soci-
eties.-Plan of Rochester.-Streets and Buildings.-Staple Trade, Wheat and Flour.
-Extent of Water-power.-Genesee, or the Pleasant Valley.-Poetical Beauty of
Indian Names.-Falls of the Genesee.-West and Catlin.-Fatal Leap from the Falls
by an American-Great Flood.-Carpet Manufactory, Paper-mills, Pianos.-Edge-
tools, Iron-works, and Machinery.---Cabinet-making, Cooperage.-Impolicy and Ef-
fect of the British Corn-laws.-Recent Introduction of Silk.-Soil and Productions
of the Genesee Valley-Institutions of Religion, Benevolence, and Literature.-Com-
parison with Towns of the same Size in Britain.-Erie Canal.-Difficulties attending
this Work.-Prospective Views of General Washington.-Opinions of Gouverneur
Morris.-Ceremony of opening the Canal at Rochester.-Love of Display in Public
Celebration in America.-Extent of Inland Navigation
CHAPTER XX.
189
Geological Peculiarities of Rochester.-Ridge-road, formerly the Margin of Lake On-
tario.-Boulders of Primitive Rock.-Successive Order of Strata and Fossil Re-
mains.-Singular Cavity of Pebbles in Bituminous Shale.-Polished Rocks of the
Falls.-Parallel Case at the Cataracts of the Nile.-Climate of the Western Portion
of this State.-Brightness of American Skies.-Splendour of Autumnal Sunsets.-
Causes assigned for this, the Mirrors of the Lakes.-Public Baths.-Mineral Springs.
-Public Walks.- Cemetery.-Hackney-coaches.-Mails.-Increase of Postoffice
Revenue.-Negro Population-Military Parades of Militia Troops.- Comparison
with the Army of England.-Canada Thistle and Locust-borer.-Fettigonia Septendi-
cem.-Newspapers.-Agricultural Journal
CHAPTER XXI.
207
Journey from Rochester to Canandaigua.-Stay at.-Canandaigua an Indian Name.-
Munificent Grant for the Support of Education -Canandaigua Academy.-Ontario
Female Seminary.-Military Lands awarded to Soldiers of the Revolution.-Classi-
cal Names within this Tract.-Singular Names of Indian Chiefs.- Northern and
Southern Tribes.-Reserve Lands and Annuities.- Remains of ancient Indian Forts.
-Narrative of the "White Woman," Wife of an Indian Chief.- Diseases among the
Aborigines.-Conduct of the Whites to Indians.-Climate of Canandaigua.-Water-
spout on the Lake.-Democratic Convention.-Newspapers.-Stage-coaches.-Eng-
lish and East Indian Acquaintances.-Sensitiveness of Americans.-House and
Grounds of Mr. Greig.-Tablet to Patrick Colquhoun.-Removing Houses on Roll-
ers.-Transfer of the Courthouse.-Removal of a Methodist Church and Steeple 219
CHAPTER XXII.
Journey from Canandaigua to Auburn.-First Sight of an American country Funeral.—
Visit to the State Prison.-Condition of the Establishment.-Act of the Legislature
restricting prison Labour.-Statistics of Crime, Education, and Intemperance
Moral and religious Reform.-Description of the Edifice and its Cells.-Discipline
and Treatment of the Convicts.-Visit to the Chapel during Divine Service.-Defects
of the Auburn System of Prison Discipline.-Opinions of Dr. Lieber, of South Caro-
lina. Objections to the Pennsylvania System answered.-Opinions of British Inspect-
ors on the Auburn System.-Superiority of the Philadelphia System.-Description
of the Town of Auburn.
CHAPTER XXIII.
233
Journey to Syracuse.-Male Academy and Female Seminary.-Salt Springs at Salina.
-Water-lime.-Railroad.-Locks.-Canal.-Tunnel under the Canal.-Depth of Ve-
getable Mould.-Spontaneous Vegetation.-Muster of the Militia.-Unpopularity of
this Body.-Museum of Syracuse.-Scriptural Group of Saul, Samuel, and the Witch
of Endor.-Onondaga Indians
CHAPTER XXIV.
Page 246
Journey from Syracuse to Utica.-Beauty of the Country.-Commencement of the Au-
tumnal Tints.-Fruitfulness of American Orchards.-Fruit given to feed Cattle instead
of making Cider.-Lectures at Utica -Description of the City.-History and progress-
ive Increase.-Convention of the Whigs-Excursion to Trenton Falls.-Stratifica-
tion of the rocky Bed.-Fossil Remains.-Favosite.-Description of the Falls.-Fatal
Accidents.-Beauty of the Scenery.- Variety of Views.-Comparison with Niagara.
-Journey from Utica to Schenectady.-Beauty of the Mohawk Valley.-Journey
from Schenectady to Saratoga
CHAPTER XXV.
255
Visit to Glen's Falls.-Caldwell.-Voyage up Lake George.-Romantic Scenery.-
Beautiful Islands.-Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga.-Passage across Lake Champlain.-
Shoreham.-Burlington Steamer.-Beautiful Model and high Order of this Vessel.--
Scenery of Lake Champlain.-Solar Eclipse.-Arrival at Burlington, Description of
the Town.-Journey to Montpelier.-Romantic Scenery of the Green Mountains.-
Exquisite Beauty of the autumnal Tints -Montpelier, the Capital of Vermont.-
Statehouse-History and Description of Vermont.-Resources and Productions.-
Manufactures and Commerce of the State.-Increase of the Population.-Religious
Institutions.-Journey from Montpelier to Danville.-Extensive View.-Elevation of
the Mountains.-Thick Forest.-Gorgeousness of the Trees.-Danville.-Village Gos-
sips.-Inquisitiveness of the New-England Character.-First Bed with Curtains slept
in since leaving England
CHAPTER XXVI.
265
Description of the White Mountains.-Names and Elevations of the principal Peaks.-
Journey from the Mountain Pass to Conway.-Stage-drivers and Passengers from
Conway to Centre Harbour.-Winnipiseogee, or the beautiful Lake Meredith.-River
Merrimac.-Shaker Village.-Concord, the Capital of New-Hampshire.-Excessive
use of Tobacco.-Danville to Littleton.-Road through the Forest.-Autumnal Fo-
liage.-White Mountain House.-Entry into the "Notch" or Pass through the Mount-
ains.-Romantic Wildness of the Scenery.-Accumulation of Granite Rocks.-Light-
ning and Storms.-Descent of Slides or Avalanches from the Mountains.-Tragical
Instance.-Fate of the Willey Family.-Concord and its public Buildings.-Suitors
attending the Court.-Prolixity of legal Proceedings.-State of New Hampshire.—
History of the early Settlement.-Statistics of its Population, Manufactures, and
Trade-Institutions for Education.-Colleges of Dartmouth and Exeter.-Religious
Establishments and Sects in New-Hampshire.-Journey from Concord to Lowell and
Boston
277
CHAPTER XXVII.
Stay at Boston.-Delivery of Lectures there.-Resolutions presented at their Close.-
Mr. George Combe's Lectures on Phrenology.-Mr. Cushing's Lecture on the Influ-
ence of Women.-Governor Everett's Lecture on the Voyages of the Northmen.
Afternoon Lectures and Madame Caradori's Concerts.-Public Meetings in behalf of
the "Sailor's Home."-Institutions visited in Boston.-Public Characters.-Environs.
-Salem and Marblehead.-Military Levee .
CHAPTER XXVIII.
290
Influence of Institutions on Character.-Early History of Massachusetts.-First Charter
to the Plymouth Company.-Origin of the name " New-England."-Arrival of the
Puritans.-Charter of Charles the First.-Solemn League and Covenant of the Set-
tlers.-Foundation of Plymouth and Salem.-Boston, Charlestown, Dorchester, and
Roxbury. First Act of Religious Intolerance.-First Representative Assembly.-War
with the Indians.-Influence of the Clergy.-Female Assemblies -Hazelrig, Pym,
Hampden, and Oliver Cromwell, Emigrants.-Rigour of the Puritan Laws.-First
Federal Union of Provinces.-Foundation of Providence and Rhode Island.-Conduct
of the Quakers.-Death inflicted on Quakers for entering the Colony.-Firmness of
that Body triumphing over their Persecutors.-Restoration of Charles the Second.-
Increased Emigration.-Statistics of New-England at this early Period.-Laws for
restraining Indulgence in Dress and Amusements.-Remarkable Men.-Sir William
Phipps.-Cotton Mather.-Benjamin Franklin
295