sum paid to him in respect thereof, and such report shall be presented at the next meeting of the local board appointing such analyst, and every such local board shall annually transmit to the Central Board, at such time and in such form as the said board directs, a certified copy of such quarterly report.

PROVISIONS AGAINST INFECTION.

Isolating Houses, &c.-Upon proof by the certificate in writing of the Officer of Health of the district and of two other duly-qualified Medical Practitioners that smallpox, cholera, or any other malignant, infectious, or contagious disease exists within a district, that there is danger that the same may spread, and that to prevent the spreading thereof it is necessary to the public safety that power should be given to isolate any tenements, it shall be lawful for the Governor in Council to make an order empowering and directing such persons as the Central Board may for that purpose appoint, to stop the traffic into or through any streets, thoroughfares, or places, whether public or private, which the Central Board shall specify, and to limit or prevent ingress, egress, or regress of any persons to or from any house or premises within the streets, thoroughfares, or places so specified, for so long as shall seem to the Central Board necessary for the public safety, and no proceedings at law or otherwise shall be taken or lie against any person for anything done in conformity with such order and direction.

Infectious Diseases to be Reported. The legally-qualified Medical Practitioner in attendance at any house in which there is any person suffering from any smallpox, cholera, plague, yellow fever, or other malignant, infectious, or contagious disease, shall furnish to the occupier of such house a certificate that there is in such house a person suffering from such disease, and such occupier shall thereupon report the existence of such disease in such house to the local Board of Health not later than twentyfour hours after the receipt of such certificate; and if any person fails to comply with the provisions of this section, he shall be deemed to be guilty of an offence under this Act and shall on conviction thereof be liable to a penalty not exceeding Fifty pounds for every such offence.

Premises to be cleansed and disinfected.-Where the Officer of Health or any two legally-qualified Medical Practitioners certify in writing to the local Board of Health that the cleansing and disinfecting of any house or part thereof or of any articles therein likely to retain infection would tend to prevent or check infectious disease, it shall be the duty of such board to give notice in writing to the owner or occupier of such house or part thereof requiring him to cleanse and disinfect the same or any articles therein within a time specified in such notice.

Where the owner or occupier is from poverty or otherwise unable in the opinion of the local board effectually to carry out the requirements of this section, such board may disinfect such house or part thereof or any articles therein likely to retain infection, and may defray any expenses so incurred.

Destruction of infected bedding, &c.-Any local board may direct the destruction of any bedding, clothing, or other articles which in their opinion have been exposed to infection from any dangerous infectious or contagious disease, and may give compensation for the same.

Removal of infected Persons.-Where any hospital for the reception of the sick is provided within the district of a local board or within a convenient distance of such district, any person who is suffering from any dangerous infectious or contagious disease, and is without proper lodging or accommodation, or lodged in a room occupied by more than one family, or is on board any ship or vessel, may on a certificate signed by a legally-qualified Medical Practitioner and with the consent of the superintending body of such hospital, be removed by order of any justice to such hospital at the cost of the local board, and any person so suffering who is lodged in any common lodginghouse may with the like consent and on a like certificate be so removed by order of the local board. Any order under this section may be addressed to such officer of the local board as the justice or local board making the same may think expedient; and any person who wilfully disobeys or obstructs the execution of such order shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Ten pounds.

NUISANCES.

Duty of Local Board to complain to Justice of nuisance arising from offensive trade.-Where any noxious or offensive trade, business, or manufacture, whether established before or after the coming into operation of this Act; or any abattoir or slaughter-house, or any manufactory, building, or place used for any trade, business, process, or manufacture whatsoever, causing effluvia, offensive fumes, vapours, or gases, or discharging dust, foul liquid, or other impurity, is certified to any local board of health by their Officer of Health or by any two legally-qualified Medical Practitioners,

or by any ten inhabitants of the district, of such local board to be a nuisance, or injurious to the health of any of the inhabitants of the district, such local board shall cause complaint to be made before a justice, who may summon the person by or on whose behalf the trade so complained of is carried on to appear before a court of summary jurisdiction; and the person so offending (being the owner or occupier of the premises, or being a foreman, or other person employed by such owner or occupier) shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Five pounds, nor less than Forty shillings, and on a second and any subsequent conviction to a penalty double the amount of the penalty imposed for the last preceding conviction, but the highest amount of such penalty shall not in any case exceed the sum of Two hundred pounds. Provided that the court may suspend its final determination on condition that the person complained of undertakes to adopt within a reasonable time such means as the court may deem to be practicable and order to be carried into effect for abating such nuisance or mitigating or preventing the injurious effects thereof.

Danger to Health from Premises in a Filthy State.-If upon the certificate of the Officer of Health, or of any one or more duly-qualified Medical Practitioners, or of any ten or more persons residing in the neighbourhood, it appears to any local board or to any two justices, that any abattoir or slaughter-house, or any shop, building, stall, or place kept or used for the sale of butchers' meat, or any place used for carrying on the business of a soap boiler, tallow melter, candle maker, starch manufacturer, blood boiler, bone boiler, tripe boiler, boiler of refuse or animal matter, tanner, currier, or fellmonger, or gas manufacturer, or the premises occupied with the same or appurtenant thereto, in any city, town, borough, shire, or district, is or are in such a filthy state as to be a nuisance or offensive to persons residing in the neighbourhood, or in such an unwholesome condition that the health of any person is likely to be endangered thereby, or that the white-washing, cleansing, ventilating, or purifying of any such place, premises, or appurtenances, would tend to prevent or check infectious, contagious, or epidemic disease, such local board or justices may give or cause to be given notice to the owner or occupier of such place or premises to whitewash, cleanse, ventilate, or purify the same as the case may require; and such notice may be served by leaving a copy thereof with any person found on the premises, or by affixing a copy thereof on a conspicuous part of the place or premises directed to be whitewashed, cleansed, ventilated, or purified as aforesaid.

DWELLING-HOUSES.

Houses, &c., may be declared unfit for Human Habitation.-Whenever any Officer of Health or Inspector of the Central Board or of any local board, or any two legally-qualified Medical Practitioners certify in writing to a local board that any house or other building within their respective jurisdictions or any part thereof is unfit or unsafe for human occupation or habitation, such local board may by an order declare that such house or building or part thereof shall not after a time specified in such order be occupied or inhabited by any person, and may cause such order or a copy thereof to be affixed to some conspicuous part of such house or building before the expiration of the time mentioned in the order.

Overcrowding in Houses.-Upon the certificate of the Officer of Health or of any two legally-qualified Medical Practitioners that any house or building, or any part thereof, is so overcrowded as to be dangerous or prejudicial to the health of the inmates or inhabitants or persons employed therein, the local board shall cause complaint to be made before any justice, who may summon before any two justices the person permitting such overcrowding; and the justices shall thereupon make such order as they may think fit to abate such overcrowding; and the person permitting such overcrowding shall forfeit a sum not exceeding Five pounds nor less than Twenty shillings.

THE SALE AND USE OF POISONS ACT (1876).
(40 Vic., No. 559)

Poisons Defined.-The following drugs, viz.-Arsenic and its preparations, and all solutions or admixtures thereof (except green and other coloured pigments); Prussic acid and its preparations; Strychnine and its preparations, and all solutions or admixtures thereof; Savin and its oil; Ergot of rye and its preparations; Chloral hydrate; all poisonous vegetable alkaloids and their salts, and solutions or admixtures thereof; Aconite and its preparations; Tartar emetic; Corrosive sublimate and its preparations; Cantharides; Cyanide of potassium and all Metallic cyanides; Vermin killers, if preparations of any of the poisons aforesaid, shall be deemed poisons within the meaning of this Act.

Unqualified Persons not Allowed to Sell Poisons.-Every person other than a legally-qualified Medical Practitioner or a registered pharmaceutical chemist, who shall sell any poison, shall, unless he hold a certificate from the Pharmacy Board of Victoria, be liable to a penalty not exceeding Twenty Pounds.

Regulations for Sale of Poisons.—No person shall sell any of the aforesaid poisons to any person who is under 18 years of age, or who is unknown to the vendor, unless the purchaser is introduced by some person known to the seller, and every seller shall before delivery make an entry in the "Poison Book" of (1.) Date of sale; (2.) Name and address of purchaser; (3.) Name and quantity of article; (4.) Purpose for which it is wanted; signed by the purchaser, and whenever required by a witness, and if the purchaser is unable to write, the seller shall add the words “Purchaser cannot write." Sales and purchase of poisons may be made by correspondence, the letter ordering the same shall be preserved by the vendor, and a memorandum of the date of the said letter, by whom it was written, and the quantity and particulars of the poison therein ordered, shall be entered in the said book; and no person shall sell poison so ordered to any person with whose signature he is not acquainted, unless such signature shall have been witnessed by a justice, clergyman, or public officer, or be authenticated by some person known to the vendor.

Poison to be Marked.-No person shall sell any poison, either by wholesale or retail, unless the bottle or other vessel, wrapper or cover, box or case, immediately containing the same, bears thereon the word Poison, printed conspicuously, together with the name of the article, and the name and address of the seller thereof.

Arsenic and Strychnine must be Coloured.-Arsenic or strychnine, or any preparation of the same respectively, shall be mixed before the sale, with soot in the proportion of one ounce of soot at least to one pound of arsenic, and in the case of strychnine with Armenian bole, or other red colouring matter unless the purchaser states that such arsenic or strychnine, or any preparation thereof respectively, is required for some purpose for which such admixture would render it unfit.

Second Part of Poisons.-The following articles must be labelled with name of article, the word "Poison," and name and address of seller, viz.—Oxalic acid; Chloroform; Belladonna and its preparations; Chloral hydrate, solutions and preparations of; Opium, and all preparations of opium or of poppies; Essential oil of almonds, unless deprived of its prussic acid; Red oxide of mercury, or red precipitate; Ammoniated mercury, or white precipitate; the tincture and all vesicating liquid preparations of Cantharides; Vermin killers containing poisons, not mentioned in the former list.

Penalties. If any person shall sell any poison contrary to the provisions of this Act, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Ten Pounds.

Exemptions.-This Act shall not extend to the sale of any poison when made up as a medicine, according to the prescription of a legally-qualified Medical Practitioner, or in the form of homoeopathic medicine, unless in the crude state, mother tincture, or of a greater strength than the third decimal potency; nor to the sale of patent or proprietary medicines; nor to the sale of photographic materials for the purpose of photography; nor to the sale of medicines dispensed by veterinary surgeons for animals under their treatment; nor to the sale of fly poison papers, or packets of poisonous mixtures, except poisoned seed for the destruction of vermin; nor to any sales by wholesale dealers, if an order in writing, signed by the purchaser, shall be given for the supply of the same, provided that all such sales shall be entered in a book, and that the bottle or other vessel, wrapper or cover, box or case immediately containing the poison, be labelled as required by this Act.

WESTERN

AUSTRALIA.

THE MEDICAL ORDINANCE (1869).

(33 Vic., No. 8).

Medical Board.-The Governor in Council may appoint a board consisting of not less than three Members being of the medical profession, one of whom shall be appointed President, under the style and description of "The Medical Board," and the Governor may in like manner remove the said Members or any of them.

Registration.—Every person, not registered under the provisions of the Imperial Medical Act, 21 and 22 Vic., cap. 90, but possessed of any one or more of the qualications described in the said Imperial "Medical Act, 1858," desirous of being registered under this Ordinance, shall submit his degree, diploma, certificate or other proof for the examination and approval of the said Medical Board, and shall thereupon obtain from the said Medical Board a certificate of his being qualified to be registered as a general practitioner.

Board may grant a Certificate without production of Diploma.—The said Medical Board may, by special orders, dispense with the production of such degree, diploma, certificate or other proof as aforesaid, and on due proof to the satisfaction of such Board of his qualification, skill, and ability to practise medicine or surgery may, in their discretion, grant to any person a certificate of his being qualified to be registered as a Medical Practitioner.

Fee for Registration.-Every person who is registered under the Imperial Medical Act, 21 and 22 Vic., cap. 90, and every person who shall obtain a certificate as aforesaid from the said local Medical Board shall, on payment of a fee of one guinea, be entitled to be registered on producing to the Colonial Secretary the document conferring or evidencing the qualification or each of the qualifications in respect whereof he seeks to be so registered, or upon transmitting by post to the said Colonial Secretary information of his name and address, and evidence of the qualification or qualifications in respect whereof he seeks to be registered, and of the time or times at which the same was or were respectively obtained. Provided, nevertheless, any person who was actually practising medicine in this colony before first day of July, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, shall also on payment of such fee as aforesaid, be entitled to be registered on producing to the Colonial Secretary a declaration, signed by him, or upon transmitting to the Colonial Secretary information of his name and address and enclosing such declaration.

Name may be Erased.-The Colonial Secretary may write a letter to any registered person, addressed to him according to his address on the register, to enquire whether he has ceased to practice, or has changed his residence, and if no answer shall be returned to such letter within the space of six months from the sending of the letter, the name of such person may be erased from the register; provided always that the same may be restored by direction of the Medical Board aforesaid.

Evidence of Qualification to be given.-No qualification shall be entered in the register, either on the first registration or by way of addition to a registered name, unless the Colonial Secretary be satisfied by the proper evidence that the person claiming is entitled to it; and any appeal from the decision of the Colonial Secretary may be decided by the said Medical Board, and any entry which shall be proved to the satisfaction of the said Medical Board to have been fraudulently or incorrectly made, may be erased from the register by order in writing of such Board.

None but Registered Persons may Sue.-No person shall be entitled to recover any charges in any court of law for any medical or surgical advice, attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicine which he shall have both prescribed and supplied, unless he shall prove upon the trial that he is registered under this ordinance.

Legally Qualified Medical Practitioner.—The words "legally-qualified Medical Practitioner,' or "duly qualified Medical Practitioner," or any words importing a person recognised by law as a Medical Practitioner or member of the medical profession, when used in any ordinance or Act, shall be construed to mean a person registered under this ordinance.

Medical Certificate.—No certificate required by law from any Medical Practitioner shall be valid unless the person signing the same shall be registered under this ordinance.

Obtaining Registration by False Representations.-If any person shall wilfully procure, or attempt to procure himself to be registered under this ordinance by any false or fraudulent representation or declaration, either verbally or in writing, every such person so offending, and every person aiding and assisting him therein shall be liable to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding twelve calendar months.

Falsely Pretending to be a Registered Person.-Any person who shall wilfully and falsely pretend to be, or take or use the name or title of a Physician, Doctor of Medicine, Licentiate in Medicine or Surgery, Bachelor of Medicine, Surgeon, General Practitioner or Apothecary, or any name, title, addition, or description implying that he is registered under this ordinance, or that he is recognized by law as a Physician or Surgeon, or Licentiate in Medicine or Surgery, or a Practitioner in Medicine, or an Apothecary, shall pay a sum not exceeding Fifty Pounds.

Chemists not to be affected.-Nothing in this ordinance contained shall in any way affect Chemists and Druggists and Dentists.

THE VACCINATION ACT (1878).

(42 Vic., No. 13).

Governor to appoint Officers. The Governor shall appoint a Superintendent of Vaccination and such Public Vaccinators as may be required for performing the duties prescribed by this Act.

Duty of Superintendent.-It shall be the duty of the Superintendent of Vaccination so take measures for the regular supply of vaccine virus to the several Public Vaccinators, and to superintend the distribution of the same.

Urban, Suburban, and Rural Districts.-The Governor in Council shall from time to time declare such districts as he may see fit, being within a radius of five miles. of the place of residence of a Public Vaccinator, to be "urban districts," for the purposes of this Act; and such districts, being within a radius of twenty miles of the place of residence of a Public Vaccinator, to be "suburban districts;" all other parts of the colony, not included in any urban or suburban district, shall be deemed to be a 'rural district," for the purposes of this Act.

Children to be Vaccinated. The parent of every child which may hereafter be brought to live in any urban or suburban district of the colony, being of the age of seven years or under, not having been already vaccinated, shall within the prescribed period (this means three months in the case of any child within an urban district, and six months within any suburban district) after its arrival in such district of the colony -and the parent or guardian of every child that may be born in any urban or suburban district after the passing of this Act, shall, within the prescribed period after its birth, take it or cause it to be taken to any Public Vaccinator, who is, without fee, to vaccinate such child.

Travelling Public Vaccinators.-The Governor may appoint some person to travel through any rural district of the colony as a Public Vaccinator, and to assign him such travelling expenses and remuneration as he may see fit. Any such person shall send to any parent or other person having the custody of any child that may be of the age of seven years or under, and which has not been vaccinated, notice that he will be at a place to be named in such notice, not being more than seven miles distant from the place of residence of such parent or other person as aforesaid, on a day and at an hour to be therein named, and requiring such parent or other person as aforesaid, to have such child at such place on the day and at the hour appointed, and the said Public Vaccinator shall, without fee, vaccinate the children brought to him in pursuance of the said notice.

Inspection of Vaccination. This provision is the same as in the South Australian Vaccination Act (see page 32).

Vaccination and Inspection Repeated. Such vaccination and inspection shall be repeated, until either the operation shall have proved successful, or the Public Vaccinator, having three times unsuccessfully vaccinated any child, shall find that such child is insusceptible of successful vaccination, and shall give the parent or other person as aforesaid a certificate to that effect.

Unfitness for Vaccination. This provision is the same as in the Vaccination Act for South Australia (see page 32).

Successive Certificates.-At or before the end of any such period of two months, the parent or such person as aforesaid shall apply to a Public Vaccinator for a renewal of the said certificate as aforesaid, and the said Public Vaccinator shall then, if satisfied that the said child is still in a state unfit for vaccination, renew the said certificate.

Not Susceptible of Successful Vaccination.-If any such Public Vaccinator, or other person aforesaid, shall find that a child who has been three times unsuccessfully vaccinated is insusceptible of successful vaccination, or that a child brought to him for vaccination has already had the Small-pox, he shall deliver to the parent or other person as aforesaid a certificate under his hand, exempting such child from the provisions of this Act, and shall also transmit a copy of the same to the District Registrar of Births and Deaths in the district within which the birth of such child was registered.