orders, rules, and regulations as it may find necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this Act. Such rules and regulations may prescribe the form or forms of all statements, declarations, applications, and reports to be filed with the Commission, the information which they shall contain, and the time within which they shall be filed. Unless a different date is specified therein, rules and regulations of the Commission shall be effective thirty (30) days after publication in the manner which the Commission shall prescribe. Orders of the Commission shall be effective on the date and in the manner which the Commission shall prescribe. For the purposes of its rules and regulations, the Commission may classify persons and matters within its jurisdiction and prescribe different requirements for different classes of persons or matters. All rules and regulations of the Commission shall be filed with its secretary and shall be kept open in convenient form for public inspection and examination during reasonable business hours. Reconsideration of Orders

16. Any person affected by any final order or decision of the Commission may, within thirty days after the publication thereof, file with the Commission an application in writing requesting a reconsideration of the matters involved, and stating specifically the errors claimed as grounds for such reconsideration. No person shall in any court urge or rely on any ground not so set forth in such application. The Commission, within thirty (30) days after the filing of such application, shall either grant or deny it. If such application is granted, the Commission, after giving notice thereof to all interested persons, shall, either with or without hearing, rescind, modify, or affirm its order or decision. The filing of such an application shall act as a stay upon the execution of the order or decision of the Commission until the final action of the Commission upon the application, except that upon written consent of the applicant such order or decision shall not be stayed unless otherwise ordered by the Commission. No appeal shall lie from any order of the Commission until an application for reconsideration has been made and determined.

Judicial Review

17. (a) Any party to a proceeding under this Act aggrieved by an order issued by the Commission in such proceeding may obtain a review of such order in the court of appeals of the United States for the fourth circuit, or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, by filing in such court, within sixty (60) days after the order of the Commission upon the application for rehearing, a written petition praying that the order of the Commission be modified or set aside. A copy of such petition shall forthwith be served upon any member of the Commission and thereupon the Commission shall certify and file with the court a transcript of the record upon which the order complained of was entered. Upon the filing of such transcript such court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to affirm, modify, or set aside such order. The finding of the Commission as to the facts, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. If any party shall apply to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and shall show to the satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for failure to adduce such evidence in the proceedings before the Commission, the court may order such additional evidence to be taken before the Commission and to be adduced upon the hearing in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as to the court may seem proper. The Commission may modify its findings as to the facts by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and it shall file with the court such modified or new findings, which if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive, and its recommendation, if any, for the modication or setting aside of the original order. The court may affirm or set aside any such order of the Commission, and state the reasons therefor, and such judgment shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in §§ 239 and 240 of the Judicial Code, as amended (U.S.C. Title 28, §§ 346 and 347).

(b) The commencement of proceedings under subsection (a) of this section shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the Commission's order.

(c) The Commission shall not, nor shall any of its members, officers, agents, or employees, be taxed with any costs, nor shall they or any of them be required to give any supersedeas bond or security for cost or damages on any appeal whatsoever taken under this compact. Said Commission, or any of its members, officers, agents, or employees, shall not be liable to suit or action or for any judgment or decree for any damages, loss, or injury claimed by any person resulting from action taken under this compact, nor required in any case arising under this compact to make any deposit for costs or pay for any service to the clerks of any court or to the marshal of the United States.

Enforcement of Act; Penalty for Violations

18. (a) Whenever it shall appear to the Commission that any person is engaged or about to engage in any acts or practices which constitute or will constitute a violation of the provisions of this Act, or of any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, it may, in its discretion, bring an action in the United States District Court for any district in which such person resides or carries on business or in which the violation occurred, to enjoin such acts or practices and to enforce compliance with this Act or any rule, regulation or order thereunder, and upon a proper showing a permanent or temporary injunction or decree or restraining order shall be granted without bond.

(b) Upon application of the Commission, the United States District Court for any district in which such person resides or carries on business, or in which the violation occurred, shall have jurisdiction to issue appropriate order or orders commanding any person to comply with the provisions of this Act or any rule, regulation, or order of the Commission thereunder.

(c) The Commission may employ such attorneys as it finds necessary for proper legal aid and service of the Commission or its members in the conduct of their work, or for proper representation of the public interest in investigations made by it, or cases or proceedings pending before it, whether at the Commission's own instance or upon complaint, or to appear

for or represent the Commission in any case in court; and the expenses of such employment shall be paid out of any funds of the Commission.

(d) Any person knowingly and wilfully violating any provisions of this statute, or any rule, regulation, requirement, or order thereto, or any term or condition of any certificate shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $100 for the first offense and not more than $500 for any subsequent offense. Each day of such violation shall constitute a separate offense.

Expenses of Investigations and Other Proceedings

19. (a) All reasonable expenses of any investigation, or other proceeding of any nature, conducted by the Commission, of or concerning any carrier, and all expenses of any litigation, including appeals, arising from any such investigation or other proceeding, shall be borne by such carrier. Such expenses, with interest at not to exceed 6 per centum (6%) per annum may be charged to operating expenses and amortized over such period as the Commission shall deem proper and be allowed for in the rates to be charged by such carrier. When any such investigation or other proceeding has been initiated it shall be the duty of the carrier to pay to the Commission, from time to time, such reasonable sum or sums as, in the opinion of the Commission, are necessary to cover the expenses which by this section are required to be borne by such carrier. The money so paid by the carrier shall be deposited in the name and to the credit of the Commission, in any bank or other depository located in the Metropolitan District designated by the Commission, and may be disbursed by the Commission for the purpose of defraying expenses of the investigation, proceeding or litigation in question. Any unexpended balance of the sum or sums so paid by such carrier remaining after the payment of such expenses shall be returned to such carrier.

(b) The amount expended by the Commission in any calendar year in all investigations or other proceedings of or concerning any one carrier shall not exceed

(1) One-half of one per centum of the gross operating revenues of such carrier, derived from transportation subject

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to this Act, for its last preceding fiscal year; or

(2) In the case of a carrier which was not engaged in such transportation during the whole of its last preceding fiscal year, one-half of 1 per centum of the average gross operating revenues, derived from transportation subject to this Act, of all other carriers (exclusive of carriers to which this subparagraph (2) applies) for their last preceding fiscal year. (c) For the purpose of subsections (a) and (b) of this section

The provisions of this section shall apply to any person engaged in transportation subject to the Act and any person who makes application under Section 4 for a certificate of public convenience and necessity.

Applicability of Other Laws

20. (a) Upon the date this Act becomes effective, the applicability of all laws of the signatories, relating to or affecting transportation subject to this Act and to persons engaged therein, and all rules, regulations and orders promulgated or issued thereunder, shall except to the extent in this Act specified, be suspended, except that—

(1) The laws of the signatories relating to inspection of equipment and facilities, wages and hours of employees, insurance or similar security requirements, school fares, and free transportation for policemen and firemen shall remain in force and effect.

(2) Upon the date this Act becomes effective, Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity or Permits issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission to any carrier subject to the jurisdiction of this Commission shall be suspended only during the existence of this compact, provided such suspension shall not affect the authority of such certificate or permit holder to transport special and chartered parties as now authorized by the Interstate Commerce Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Interstate Commerce Commission, notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act.

(b) In the event any provision or provisions of this Act exceed the limits imposed upon the legislature of any signa