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vous besoin de ce garçon ? 22. Oui, Madame, j'ai besoin de lui. 23. N'avez vous pas besoin de son livre 24. Je n'en ai pas besoin. 25. Avez vous envie de travailler ou de lire? 26. Je n'ai envie ni de travailler ni de lire, j'ai envie de me reposer car je suis fatigué,

EXERCISE 42.

remainder, and so on, whatever be the number of ciphers in the divisor. This principle is obviously the result of the decimal scale of notation; for if to place ciphers on the right of any given number is to increase its value in a tenfold proportion, then to I cut them off will be to diminish its value in the same proportion, EXAMPLES: Divide 987654321 by 90; and, 142857100 by 7000.

(1)

Divisor 9、0) 987654321 dividend

Quotient

10973936-81 remainder.
(2)

Divisor 7,000) 142857,100 dividend

Quotient 20408-1100 remainder.

In the first of these examples, you mark off with a turned comma, the cipher or 0 in the divisor, and the first figure 1, to the right, in the dividend; this is equivalent to dividing both divisor and dividend by 10. You now divide the remaining figures 98765432 to the left, in the dividend, by the divisor 9, according to Rule 1; thus, you obtain the quotient 10973936, and remainder 8; to this remainder, you annex the figure 1, which was cut off, and you have the complete remainder 81. The division may now be correctly represented, thus:

1. Do you want your servant? 2. Yes, Sir, I want him. 3. Does your brother-in-law want you? 4. He wants me and my brother. 5. Does he not want money? 6. He does not want money, he has enough. 7. Is your brother sorry for his conduct? 8. He is very sorry for his conduct and very angry against you. 9. Does he take good (bien) care of his books? 10. He takes good care of them. 11. How many volumes has he? 12. He has more than you, he has more than twenty. 13. What does the young man want? 14. He wants his clothes. 15. Do you want to rest (vous reposer)? 16. Is not your brother astonished at this? 17. He is astonished at it. 18. Have you a wish to read your brother's books? 19. I have a wish to read them, but I have no time. 20. Have you time to work? 21. I have time to work, but I have no time to read. 22. Does the young brother take care of his things? 23. He takes good care of them. 24. Is that little boy afraid of the dog? 25. He is not afraid of the dog, he is afraid of the horse. 26. Do you want bread? 27. I do not want any. 28. Are you pleased with your brother's conduct? 29. I am pleased with it. 30. Has your brother a wish to read my In the second example, you follow the same rule; that is you book? 31. He has no desire to read your book, he is weary cut off three ciphers in the divisor, and three figures in the dividend 32. Is that young man angry with you or with his friends? and obtain the quotient as before, which is 20408, and remainder 33. He is neither angry with me nor with his friends? 31.1; to this 1, annex the three figures cut off from the dividend, and Do you want my dictionary? 35. I want your dictionary and you have the complete remainder 1100. The division may now be your brother's. properly represented thus:—

LESSONS IN ARITHMETIC.—No. X.

RULE OF SIMPLE DIVISION-(Continued).

If the divisor to any proposed dividend happens to consist of any one of the nine digits, followed by one cipher, or any number of ciphers; then divide according to the following rule :

Rule 2.-Place the divisor and dividend as directed in Rule 1, and mark off with a turned comma the cipher or ciphers contained in the divisor, and similarly an equal number of figures, to the right, from the figures contained in the dividend; then divide the figures of the dividend which remain to the left by the significant figure of the divisor, according to Rule 1. If there be any remainder when this division is performed, annex to it, on the right, the figures which were cut off from the dividend, and you will have the complete remainder which belongs to the complete divisor. If there be no remainder in dividing by the significant figure of the divisor, then the figures which were cut off from the dividend constitute the complete remainder belonging to the complete

divisor.

=

The reason of cutting off the ciphers from the right of the divisor, and the same number of figures from the right of the dividend in this rule, is founded on the following principles:-1 If the divisor and dividend be both divided by the same number, their quotient will be unaltered; that is, it will be the same after this division as before. For example, if we divide 1728 by 8, we shall have the same quotient as if we divided each by 4, and then found the quotient of the results; because 1728-4-432, and 8÷4=2, whence 4322-216; but 17288-216 also, the same quotient as before. In like manner, 78,000 6,000 13; for 78 thousands divided by 6 thousands give 13 for the quotient. 2. If any number of ciphers or figures be cut off from a given number to the right, the figures which remain to the left form the quotient, which arises from dividing that given number, by a number composed of unity (or one) and as many ciphers are there in the number of ciphers or figures cut off. First, cutting one figure off a number to the right, is dividing it by 10; for example, to divide 3478 by 10 is to cut off one figure, thus: 3478, in which 347 is the quotient, and 8 is the remainder. Again, cutting two figures off a number to the right is dividing it by 100; for example, to divide 3478 by 100 is to cut off two figures, thus: 34,78, in which 34 is the quotient, and 78 is the remainder. Next, cutting three figures off a number to the right is dividing it by 1000; for example, to divide 3478 by 1000 is to cut off three figures, thus: 3478, in which 3 is the quotient, and 478 the

• Repeat the preposition de.

987654321 109739368

90

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1. Divide 123456 by 80; 876543 by 900; and 202037600 by 60000.

80000; and 428571428571-900000.
2. Find the following quotients: 692986000-7000; 55438880000

nificant figures then proceed according to the following rule :-
When the divisor to any given dividend consists of several sig.

divisor by each of the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. This Rule 3.-Make a table of the multiples or products of the may be done either by multiplying the divisor by each of the digits separately, and tabulating the results; or it may be done by adding the divisor to itself, then to this sum, and again to this and each this addition. You will know whether the table obtained by this successive sum, till its product of nine times has been obtained by means is correct by the fact that when you add the divisor to the product by 9, the sum, if correct, will be the divisor itself, with a cipher annexed. You now mark the places for the divisor, dividead, and quotient, by placing on each side of the dividend being generally placed on the left, and the quotient on the right of straight or curved bar, like an inverted parenthesis-the divisor the dividend; all this arrangement being merely matter of convenience and not essential to the operation of division.

left of the dividend as are in the divisor; or, if the number comThe first step in this operation is to take as many figures to the parison with the table of its multiples which of them is nearest to posed of them be less than it, take one more, and ascertain by comthe number composed of these figures, which for the sake of tains the divisor as often as its multiple just found, put the digit brevity we shall call the dividuum; then, as this first dividuum conwhich answers to the multiple in the quotient, and the multiple itself under the first dividuum; subtract the former from the latter, and to the remainder annex the next figure of the dividend, this will be the second dividuum; ascertain again by comparison with the table of multiples which of them is nearest to this dividuum; then, as this second dividuum contains the divisor as often as its multiple now found, put the digit which answers to this multiple in the quotient (that is, annex it to the former figure put in the quotient), and the multiple itself under the second dividuum subtract the former from the latter, and to the reminder

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the next figure of the dividend; this will be the third dividuum; and with this proceed as before, continuing the process until the last figure in the dividend has been annexed; the remainder obtained at the last step will be the complete remainder, and the first figure in the quotient with those successively annexed will be the complete quotient.

If, in the course of the operation, it be found, in any case, that when the next figure of the quotient has been annexed, the dividuum thus obtained is less than the divisor, the next figure of the quotient must be annexed, and the next to that again in succession, until a number be obtained, equal to, or greater than, the diviso, tor a dividuum. Let it be most carefully observed, however, that for every figure of the dividend thus annexed, a figure or cipher must be put in the quotient; that is, a figure when the dividuum contains the divisor, and a cipher when it does not; the reason of which is plainly as follows:-that unless this were done the quotient figures would not be in their proper places relatively to each other according to the decimal system of notation. It is evident, indeed, that in the case of the first quotient figure, the place which it holds will depend entirely on the number of figures in the dividend which follow the first dividuum; for these figures decide the value of the first quotient figure as exemplified in Rule 1; and the rest of the figures of the quotient must take their successive values in a tenfold decreasing proportion accordingly. This, however, will

be best illustrated by an example. EXAMPLE.-Divide 347658903 by 26.

Divisor. Dividend. Quotient.

In the preceding operation it is useful to observe that as there are seven figures in the dividend after the first dividuum 34, which contains the divisor 1 time; therefore by annexing seven ciphers to this figure you have the number 10,000,000, which shows that the divisor 26 is contained in 340,000,000 ten million times. Again, as there are six figures in the dividend, after the next figure 7 in it has been annexed to the remainder 8, arising from the first dividuum, and as the second dividuum contains the divisor 3 times, therefore, by annexing six ciphers to this figure, you have the number 3,000,000, which shows that the divisor 26 is contained in 87,000,000 three million times. Consequently the divisor 26 is contained in 347,000,000, the first part of the dividend, 13 million times. In this way it is evident that we might proceed with the explanation, obtaining each figure step by step, and fixing its place in the quotient until the whole was explained in the same manner, and the proper quotient obtained, as shown in the preceding operation.

EXAMPLE 2.-Divide 62355847984 by 20306.
Table of Multiples
of the Divisor.

20306 1

40612 2

60918 3

81224 4

101530 5

121836 6

142142 7

162448 8

182754 9

Divisor. Dividend. Quotient. 20306) 62355847984 (3070809 60918

143784

142142

164279

162448

183184

182754

430 Remainder.

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MODE OF OPERATION.

MODE OF OPERATION.

Here, as in the former example, you make a table of the mu; tiples of the divisor, as exhibited on the margin. Having then marked out the places of the divisor, dividend, and quotient, you take the first five figures of the dividend, as the first dividuum; comparing it with the table of the multiples of the divisor, you find the nearest multiple to be 60918; now, putting the corresponding digit 3 in the quotient, and this multiple under the first dividuum 62355, you subtract and find the remainder 1437; to this remainder, annexing 8, the next figure in the dividend, you find that the second dividuum 14378 is less than the divisor; that is, it does not contain the divisor even one time; you accordingly put 0 in the quotient; that is, annex 0 to the first figure 3 in the quotient, and proceed to find the third dividuum; by annexing the next figure 4 of the dividend, to the second dividuum 14378, which must now be treated as a remainder, you have 143784 as the third dividuum; comparing this with the table of the multiples of the divisor as before, you find the nearest multiple to be 142142; now, put

ting the corresponding digit 7 in the quotient, and this multiple mainder 1642; with this remainder, and the rest of the figures of under the third dividuum 143784, you subtract and find the rethe dividend, proceed as above, until you have exhausted all the figures of the dividend. You will thus obtain the quotient 3070809 and the remainder 430. Representing this division in the usual manner, we have

62355847984
20306

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Here you first make a table of the multiples of the divisor, by each of the nine digits, as exhibited on the margin. Having then marked out the places for divisor, dividend, and quotient, as directed, the first two figures 34 of the dividend on the left are found sufficient to contain the divisor, and are therefore called the first dividuum; on consulting the table of multiples, you find the nearest multiple to 34, to be 26; you therefore put the digit 1, which answers to this multiple in the quotient, and the multiple itself 26, under 34, the first dividuum; subtracting, you find the remainder 8; to this remainder, annex 7, the next figure of the The meaning of this expression is, therefore, that the number 20306 dividend, and you have 87, for the second dividuum; consulting is contained in the number 62355847984, so many as 3070809 the table of multiples again, you find the nearest multiple to 87, to be 78; you therefore put the digit 3, which answers to this mul- times, and a fraction of a time denoted by 20306 tiple in the quotient; that is, annex it to the figure 1 already put in the quotient, and put the multiple itself 78, under 87, the second dividuum; subtracting, you find the remainder 9; to this remainder annex 6, the next figure of the dividend, and you have 96 for the third dividuum; with this proceed as before, until you have reached the last dividuum 163, which produces the last figure in the quotient 6, and gives the remainder 7. Hence, the complete quotient is 13371496 and the remainder 7; that is, the number 347658903 contains the number 26, so many as 13371496 times, with a remainder of 7. The division may now be correctly represented as follows:3 4658903

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1. Divide all the numbers contained in the first square on page 58, col. 1, No. 4, by 36; and the quotients will be all the numbers from 1 to 121.

2. Divide all the numbers contained in the second square on page 58, col. 1, No. 4, by 98998, and the quotients will be all the numbers from 1 to 49.

3. Divide 10101010101 by 128; 437685 by 10, 100, and 1000; and 142857142857 by 999.

4. Divide the sum of all the numbers in the second square mentioned in Ex. 2, by the sum of all the numbers in the second square mentioned in Ex. 1.

LESSONS IN ENGLISH.-No. I.

[In compliance with the wishes and suggestions of a numerous class of readers, who are anxious to make themselves perfect in the English tongue, by combining the study of English Grammar with that of English Composition and English Literature, we have made an important change in our plan. These different branches will now be united under one head, so that they may be more easily and speedily learned together than they could be apart. The care of this combined department has been committed to Dr. Beard, as will appear by his first lesson, which follows this announcement. We have no doubt that our students will derive from these Lessons as much benefit with regard to the English language as they have hitherto done with regard to the Latin. In future, therefore, the Lessons on English Grammar, in a separate form, will be discontinued.]

A MANUAL OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND
LITERATURE,

COMPRISING AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

By JOHN R. BEARD, D.D.

nation. Hence grammar is a science of imitation. The grammarian, like the sculptor, takes a model, and having studied its parts and qualities, endeavours to reproduce the whole. Authority, in consequence, is the great principie recognised in grammar. The authority of such men a Macaulay, Mackintosh, Addison, Dryden, Shakspeare, is, in grammar, paramount and supreme. What they do we must follow, and we must follow it because it is their practice. Their words, their forms of speech, their constructions must be ours. They are our masters, we their scholars. They give laws, we obey the laws they give. Scarcely less than im plicit and unqualified ought the obedience to be; for grammar merely declares what is customary, and what is customary in a language is known by what is customary among its best writers.

as the science of language depends upon the laws of thought. Yet some degree of latitude may be permitted. Grammar, Now the laws of thought, which find their systematic expression in what is termed logic, are a compact and consistent whole. In every such whole, principles are found and a certain harmony prevas. Consequently in grammar, which in some sense is the mirror of a language, there exist principles and harmony. It is conceivable that the discovery and the observance of those principles may be gradual. If

ABOUT to write a series of lessons in English, I think it desir-so, well as Shakspeare wrote, Macaulay may write better able to let the readers of the POPULAR EDUCATOR Know what in regard to grammar. But if improvement is possible, the they may expect. In general, then, I intend to exhibit the use of reasoning, by which all improvements are made, is facts of the language and the productions of the language. not banished from the science of grammar. Even in this The facts of the language, if systematically presented, will science of imitation, then, obedience must not be blind and involve the laws of the language; and the productions of the passive. Regard to amelioration may be combined with alle language, historically treated, will comprise the literature of giance. We may attempt to improve what we imitate. We the language. The facts of the language and the productions may aim at an ideal perfection. Imbibing the spirit of the of the language thus regarded, will obviously lead the careful great masters of our language, we may yield to the impulse student to a knowledge of the language. Nor without both which urged them forward in pursuit of unlimited excellence. the facts and the productions can any one possess an acquaint- Nevertheless, we must keep close by their side. In our ance with the language. A knowledge of any language im- loftiest aspirations we must keep our feet firmly set on the solid plies a familiarity with its literature, and a familiarity with earth. We cannot wisely attempt to improve usage unless the facts or laws of its construction. You cannot have the under the teachings of analogy. First, we must ask, “What one without the other, any more than you can know the prin-is customary?" Having clearly ascertained what is customciples of Grecian art, unless you have studied its master-ary, we may entertain the question, "What ought the usage pieces. Apart from the literature of a language, you cannot to be?" And, in attempting to answer that question, the know its grammar; apart from the grammar of a language specific laws and capabilities of the language, as well as the you cannot know its literature. The literature of a language general laws of thought and utterance, must be consulted. is the organic life, whose laws grammar has to learn and expound. The grammar of a language is merely a systematic exposition of the laws observed in the composition of its literature. Hence you see that an acquaintance with the literature of a language should precede the study of its grammar. Indeed the productions of a language are earlier than its grammar. Men pronounced sentences, delivered speeches, composed and lang poems, long before they had any idea of the rules of which grammar is made up. First was the thought; then came the utterance, and out of many utterances at last grew the science of grammar. Grammar has no other function than to learn and set forth the laws of a language, which have been already observed by some great writer or great writers. Long posterior to Homer was the criticism which in Greece gave birth to grammar.

The knowledge of the grammar of a language, then, does not involve a knowledge of the language itself. Still less are the two identical. Grammar is only one branch of the tree. Important as grammar is, it is scarcely the most important of the branches which combine to form the knowledge of a language. Grammar is only a means to an end. It is a pathway to the temple. The temple itself is the treasure of great thoughts which constitutes the literature, and which we have termed the productions of a language. It is for this treasure that a language is worth the labour of study; and in regard to literary treasures, no language will repay attention more fully than the kugush.

From what has been said, it is also clear that the grammar of a language is to be learnt in its literature. Grammar is no arbitrary thing. Its rules are not inventions. Its forms are not optional. They are both merely general statements of facts fatte ascertained by the careful perusal of what we terms classical autoors; that is, authors of high, and universal repuse. The office of grammar m to make a systemuare report of the manges observed in writing by the great minds of a

The neglect of usage occasions all manner of imaginary laws and fanciful constructions. The neglect of logic perpetuates the mistakes and short-comings of past ages. It is only in the union of the two that the perfect grammarian is found; and in such a union as secures for both usage and logic their proper share of observance. Usage, however, is the sovereign power in language; logic has only a small and subordinate province.

Disregard to these fundamental principles has occasioned numerous failings and errors.

Lindley Murray, Blair, Cobbett, possessing each many excellences, have more or less failed to expound, as they really exist, the facts of the English language, and given rules as well as sanctioned forms of speech which have no other source, than the undue predominance of the logical faculty in their own minds.

To another class of writers on English grammar we owe a yet greater departure from its usages and laws. English grammar was first expounded by classical scholars. Familiar with the forms and usages of the Greek and Latin tongues, and holding them to be perfect in character, if not of universal obligation, they introduced those forms and usages into the manuals of English Grammar, and so made complex and ditcult one of the simplest and easiest grammars in the world Hence came into our grammatical books, cases, tenses, and constructions, which have no corresponding realities in our literature. With such things the student of English grammar has nothing to do, and the sooner our manuals are disembarrassed of them the better. Studying, as we shail do, the grammar of the language in its productions, we shall be under the guidance and the control of fact, and take special care to report as a usage and establish as a rule nothing but what has its sanction in unquestionable authority.

Let it then be observed that it is the English language that we are about to study. Consequently it is the qualities and

the laws of that language that it will be our business to ascertain. If we were studying Sanscrit or Hebrew, then the qualities and the laws of the Sanscrit and the Hebrew should we be in search of. Disregarding them, we are equally to disregard the qualities and the laws of the Latin. The best of Latin grammars would be a very bad English grammar, and a usage in Latin is no authority for the introduction into English of a similar usage. The same remark may be made in relation to the Anglo-Saxon; in an undue regard to which Latham with all his merits, and they are very numerous and very great, has not wholly avoided error.

The principles now set forth determine the mode of my proceeding. I shall not copy forms and rules from the writings of former grammarians. I shall not out of my own head devise forms and rules. I shall rather take the language as it is, and inquire into its qualities and laws. Beginning with the simplest enunciations of thought, I shall aid the student to analyse them, and from such analysis to deduce for himself the fundamental facts and principles of the English tongue. This process must be gone through three times: first, in regard to the forms of the language or its grammar; secondly, in regard to the productions of the language or its literature; and thirdly, as an appendage to the last, in regard to the origin and progress of the language or its history. If the reader attentively accompany me over this extended field, he will possess a full as well as accurate acquaintance with the English language.

not the size and strength of that animal. Bewick says that he recollects one killed in the county of Cumberland, which measured, from the nose to the end of the tail, upwards of five feet.

At Barnsboro', a village between Doncaster and Barnsley, in Yorkshire, there is a tradition of a serious conflict that occurred between a man and a wild cat. It is said that the fight commenced in an adjacent wood, that from thence it was removed and waged in the porch of the church, and that each of the combatants died from wounds received during the struggle. The event is commemorated by a rude painting in the church. The story is sustained by the danger that is involved in attempts to destroy the wild cat. For when hard pressed, or enraged by a wound too slight to disable it, it darts fiercely on its antagonist, aiming chiefly at his face and eyes, and using furiously its claws and teeth.

THE DOMESTIC CAT.

It appears from an ancient law of one of the Welsh princes, that in his time a domestic cat was a rare and valuable animal. A penny for a kitling before it could see, which was doubled from that time till it caught a mouse, and quadrupled for a mouser, were very high prices, considering the relative value of money at that time. A person who had stolen the cat that guarded the prince's granary, was to forfeit a milch ewe, its fleece and lamb, or as much wheat as, when poured on the cat while suspended from the tail, with the head touching the floor, would form a heap high enough to cover the tip of the former.

I must add that it is for Englishmen I write. I write also for the uneducated and for the young. Having these facts before my mind, I shall study plainness and simplicity. Yet do I hope to be able to write in such a manner that scholars may not disdain to cast an eye on these pages. However that may be, I shall make it my first object and my last so to ex-but also of four or five others standing up from each eyebrow, press my thoughts as to be fully understood, if not also readily followed by the now large and meritorious class, who are endeavouring to educate themselves, To labour for such is to me a very great pleasure. I ask for their confidence, and will endeavour to reward their attention.

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THE wild cat is found throughout Europe, wherever it can secure an asylum in extensive woods. It is common in the forests of Germany, Hungary, Russia, and the western parts of Asia; and though scarce in the British islands, it is not yet absolutely extirpated. The mountains of Scotland, of the northern counties of England, and of Wales and Ireland, are its chief strongholds, the larger woods being its place of resort and of concealment during the day.

It is generally admitted that the wild cat of the British islands is specifically distinct from our domestic race. It often happens, however, that individuals of the domestic breed betake themselves to the woods, or to extensive preserves of game, where, finding an abundant supply of food, they continue there, leading an independent life. But these must not be confounded with the genuine wild cat, which is clearly distinguished from the other species. The wild cat stands higher on its limbs than the tame; its body is more robust; the tail is shorter, and instead of tapering, terminates somewhat abruptly; and it is almost invariably tipped with black. The soles of the feet are also black. The fur of the wild cat is full and deep; in the face it is of a yellowish-grey colour, passing into greyish-brown on the head; the general colour of the body is dark grey, a dusky black stripe running down the spine, while beautiful transverse wavings of an obscure blackishbrown, adorn the sides; the tail is ringed with the same tint. In its chosen retreats, the wild cat lurks on the branches of large trees, in the hollows of decayed trunks, and in the clefts and holes of rocks. As night comes on, it issues forth to seek its prey; it commits sad havoc on hares, rabbits, grouse, partridges, and all kinds of game; young lambs and fawns are by no means safe from its attacks, and of all our native beasts prey, it is the most fierce and destructive. It was called by Pennant, the "British tiger," and it has all the ferocity, if

of

The Domestic Cat is too familiar to require description; but it has certain peculiarities which must be noticed. Its whiskers consist not only of long hairs on the upper lips, and also two or three on each cheek; all of which, when erected, form, at their extremities, so many points of a circle, equal, at least, in extent, to the circumference of the animal's body. It is supposed that with a little experience cats can tell by means of this gauge, whether any aperture, as among hedges or shrubs, is sufficiently large to allow them to pass.

That cats are able to see in the dark, though generally supposed, is not absolutely true. It is certain, however, that they can see with much less light than most other animals. For this their eyes are peculiarly adapted; as the pupils are capable of being contracted or dilated, according to the degree of light falling upon them. Thus in the daytime, the pupil of the cat's eye is always contracted, sometimes into a mere line, because it is with difficulty that this animal can see by a strong light; but in the twilight the pupil resumes its natural roundness, and the eye possesses its fullest power of vision.

The cleanliness of these animals has frequently been the topic of remark. They wash their faces, and generally be hind their ears, every time they eat. And here there is a remarkable exercise of instinct; for as they cannot lick their faces with their tongues, they first apply saliva to the inside of the leg, and then repeatedly rub them over with it. The cat is equally concerned to keep her progeny clean, as any one may notice where there are kittens.

One tendency of these animals is illustrated by the following amusing anecdote. The celebrated Charles James Fox was one day walking up Bond-street with George IV., when Prince of Wales, when he laid his royal highness a wager that he would see the greater number of cats as they went onwards, though the prince might take which side of the street he liked. On reaching the top of the street. Mr. Fox had seen thirteen cats, but the prince not one, which led him to inquire the cause of so singular a fact. Mr. Fox replied, "Your royal highness took, of course, the shady side of the street as the more agreeable; I knew that the sunny side would be left to me, and that is the one that cats always prefer."

The fondness of the cat for warmth is indulged whenever it can enjoy its favourite place in cold or chilly weather before the fire. There it not only sleeps cozily, but often stretches out its limbs when awake in manifest enjoyment. The same feeling which is there gratified has obtained it many enemies, from its nestling, when it can, about infants in beds and

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