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A SYNOPSIS AND SUMMARY OF THE ANNALS OF TACITUS. Books I.-VI. With Introduction, Notes, Genealogical Table, and Indexes. By GEORGE WILLIAM GENT, B.A., late Scholar of University College, Oxford. Crown 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d.

FROM THE PREFACE. 'Two main objects have been kept in view throughout: first, to condense into as readable a form as possible the mass of detail contained in the first six books of

the Annals"; secondly, by dint of copious quotations from the text, to render the reader familiar with the standpoint and the more important comments of the historian.'

(For Specimen see page 10.)

A SYNOPSIS AND SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF TACITUS. By GEORGE William GenT, B.A., late Scholar of University College, Oxford. [In preparation.

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A SYNOPSIS AND SUMMARY OF THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO. With a Prefatory Excursus upon the Platonic Philosophy, and Short Notes. By GEORGE WILLIAM GENT, B.A., late Scholar of University College, Oxford. [In preparation.

Adam Smith. W. P. Emerton.

AN ANALYSIS OF ADAM SMITH'S INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS, based on the Abridgment of JEREMIAH JOYCE. With brief Notes and References by WOLSELEY P. EMERTON, M.A., B.C.L. Christ Church, Oxford. In two parts. Part I., Books I. and II. (to be ready in September). Part II., Books III. IV. and V. [In preparation.

Blackstone.

AN ANALYSIS OF BLACKSTONE'S LAW COMMENTARY. Book II., Part I. (Real Property.)

[In preparation.

JAMES THORNTON, HIGH STREET, OXFORD.

TRANSLATIONS.

Aristotle's Ethics. D. P. Chase.

THE NICOMACHEAN ETHICS OF ARISTOTLE. A New Translation, mainly from the Text of Bekker; with an Introduction, a Marginal Analysis, and Explanatory Notes. Designed for the Use of Students in the Universities. By DRUMMOND PERCY CHASE, M. A., Fellow of Oriel College, and Principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Fourth Edition, revised. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

(For Specimen see page 11.)

Cicero's Philippics. J. R. King.

THE PHILIPPIC ORATIONS OF CICERO. A New Translation. By the Rev. JOHN RICHARD KING, M.A., late Fellow and Tutor of Merton College, Oxford. [Ready in October.

Aristotle's Organon. Selections from.

A TRANSLATION OF MR. MAGRATH'S SELEC-
TIONS FROM THE ORGANON OF ARISTOTLE.
With Short Explanatory Notes by WALTER EDWARD SMITH, New
College, Oxford, and ALAN G. SURMAN GIBSON, Scholar of Corpus
Christi College, Oxford.
[Ready in October.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Worcester (J. B.) M.A.

THE GENEALOGY OF THE ROYAL FAMILY OF ENGLAND, and a Few Historical Families connected with English History. By J. B. WORCESTER, M.A. On a large Sheet, size 24 in. by 19 in., Is.; if mounted on canvas, with roller, 3s.

THE UNDERGRADUATE'S

JOURNAL.

'A red line points out the direct descent, a waved line shows sovereigns out of the direct line, and a date under the name of each King or Queen shows at a glance the year of accession to the throne. Various historical families connected with royalty Turrell (H. J.) M.A.

are also traced out, viz. Earl Godwin, John of Gaunt, the Armagnacs and Bourguignons, Neville and De la Pole; as well as Edward III.'s claim to the crown of France, and Henry IV.'s pretended claim by blood. We recommend it to students of history as a cheap and ready means of reference.'

THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND BRIEFLY EXPLAINED. With Scriptural References. By H. J. TURRELL, M.A., Oxon. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Fcp. 8vo.

The Thirty-Nine Articles.

THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. With Scriptural Proofs and References, carefully selected from the Works of Bennett, Burnet, Claughton, Tomline, Welchman, Wilson, &c. &c. 12mo. sewed, 6d. ; or on a large sheet, Is.

JAMES THORNTON, HIGH STREET, OXFORD.

MISCELLANEOUS—continued.

Edwards (B. A.) B.A.

ARS SCRIBENDI LATINÈ; or, Aids to Latin Prose Composition. In the Form of an Analysis of Latin Idioms. By BICKERTON A. EDWARDS, B.A., late Scholar of Jesus College, Oxford. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.

This book has for its aim a somewhat minute analysis of the principal Idioms current in the best Latin Authors.

A series of Idiomatic Rules and Examples, on opposite pages, each classified under appropriate head, may tend in some measure to the doing away with that most common reproach, 'the words are Latin, but the Idioms are English.'

For every Latinism a variety of Anglicisms is given, and thereby the student can gage the value of this or that Latin Idiom.

ARS SCRIBENDI ATTICÈ; or, Aids to Greek Prose Composition. By BICKERTON A. EDWARDS, B.A., late Scholar of Jesus College, Oxford; Author of 'Ars Scribendi Latinè.'

Lie (Jonas).

[In preparation.

SECOND SIGHT; OR, SKETCHES FROM NORDLAND. By JONAS LIE. Translated from the Norwegian.

Euclid.

[In preparation.

THE ENUNCIATIONS AND COROLLARIES of the Propositions in the First Six and the Eleventh and Twelfth Books of Euclid's Elements. 12mo, sewed, price 6d.

Chronology.

A MEMORIA TECHNICA TO CHRONOLOGY, from the Creation to the Overthrow of the Western Empire, A.D. 476. By an OXFORD GRADUATE. Crown 8vo. price Is. 6d.

FROM THE PREFACE.

no

The "Memoria Technica" is based upon two principles, which have claim to novelty-(1) that words are more easily remembered than numbers, (2) that words in statu constructe, though the sense be nonsense, are more easily recol

Oxford University Diary.

lected than when isolated. In the construction of the Memorial sentences, all that I have aimed at is that they should recur readily to the ear. Proper names have sometimes been slightly altered, and the English forms have occasionally been employed, where the cases required are sufficiently evident from the context.'

THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY DIARY, with an Almanack. Containing Notes of Information useful to all Members of the University. May be suspended open against a wall, showing a week to an opening, and allowing the engagements of the current week to be seen at a glance. Published annually, price Is. 6d. The Diary is issued as soon after Michaelmas Term as possible, revised up to date.

JAMES THORNTON, HIGH STREET, OXFORD.

152

POLITICAL TERMS.

XVI.

FREE GOVERNMENT.-ARBITRARY GOVERNMENT.-TYRANNY.

DESPOTISM.-ANARCHY.

A FREE government is not a government in which liberty prevails, or in which there is an absence of inconvenient restraints and oppression on the part of the sovereign power; but a government in which there is a plurality of rulers, and fixed laws respected by the administrative authority. A free government is thus opposed to an arbitrary or despotic government, such as the Roman, French, or Austrian empires. In this sense, Hume' opposes free states to absolute monarchies, and Rousseau speaks of the difference between free and monarchical states; i.e. between states where the sovereignty belongs

6

The provinces of absolute monarchies are always better treated than those of free states.' Part i. Essay 3.

2 Contrat Social, liv. iii. ch. 8. According to Sir James Mackintosh, as general security is enjoyed in very different degrees under different governments, those which guard it most perfectly, are by way of eminence called free. Such governments attain most completely the end which is common to all governments. A free constitution of government, and a good constitution of government, are therefore different expressions for the same idea.' On the Law of Nature and Nations, p. 60. However, one who thought with Hobbes that absolute monarchy is the best form of government, would probably not call that a free constitution. On the difference between free and despotic governments, see likewise Bentham's Fragment on Government, p. 113.*

Fixed laws respected by the administrative authority. This condition is not recognised by Austin. Sir James FitzJames Stephen (Liberty, Equality,and Fraternity, p. 171), goes so far as to declare that 'democracy has, as such, no definite or assignable relation to liberty; but this can hardly be admitted, for the reason given by Mr. James Mill in the passage quoted above (p. 100), which is almost conclusive for this purpose, though justly criticised by Sir G.

C. Lewis on other grounds. An absolute despot will naturally put down whatever displeases him; a more numerous body are pretty sure to present variety in their likes aud dislikes, so that the practices which they will agree to suppress or enforce, will, ceteris paribus, be comparatively few. It is true on the other side that the despot may be indifferent to practices very hateful to the majority, but which do not touch him personally.-W.

* And Austin's 6th Lecture (Student's Austin, p. 112). He says: 'They who distin

29. Honours of Nero, son of

Germanicus.

Volusius.

Sallustius
Crispus.

30.

44

SYNOPSIS OF THE ANNALS OF

[BOOK III.

'e cetero senatu'-to remedy the existing anomalies in the law; and this commission was 'modicum in præsens levamentum.']

Nero, one of the sons of Germanicus, now entering on manhood, was commended to the Senate by Tiberius; who obtained for him relief from the vigintiviratus,' and that he should be a candidate for the prætorship five years before the legal period: 'non sine irrisu audientium.' 'Additur Pontificatus.' He was soon after married to Julia, daughter of Drusus, an event which gave as much joy as the engagement of Sejanus' daughter to the son of Claudius did displeasure.

L. Volusius and C. Sallustius Crispus died at the end of the year. The first, of an old family, but never hitherto 'præturam egressa,' had lent honour to it by having been Consul and one of the Triumvirate legendis equitum decuriis.'2 The second, a grand-nephew of the historian, by whom he had been adopted, was of an equestrian family; and though well able to have attained the highest honours, had preferred to imitate Mæcenas, and sine dignitate Senatoriâ multos triumphalium consulariumque potentia anteire.' He was a man of great ability, and after the death of Mæcenas was 'præcipuus cui secreta imperatorum inniterentur,'-e.g. he was interficiendi Postumi Agrippæ conscius.'

A.D. 21. Tiberius IV. Drusus II. Consuls, patrisque 31. atque filii collegio annus insignis.' Tiberius reCorbulo and treated to Campania.3 Drusus found an opportunity of gaining popularity by composing the quarrel between Domitius Corbulo, præturâ

Sulla.

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The Vigintiviratus was a kind of Police-board, which had charge of the mint, of the mending of streets, of crimes ending in mortal violence, &c.

2 This power,recognoscendi turmas equitum,' was transferred by Augustus to a Triumviratus.

Tacitus says-Longam et continuam absentiam paulatim meditans, sive ut amoto patre Drusus munia consulatus solus impleret.'

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