ger, and is soon indistinguishable in mind, manners, or morals, from the savage throng about him. Too often the only result is, by the increase of knowledge and mental power, to enlarge his capabilities for evil. "Such would not be the case were it possible to educate the Indian children through a series of years until fully grounded in civilized habits; nor would these results be so general if, by any means, the newly returned pupil could be sustained and encouraged in maintaining the habits and acquirements gained at school. Without some amendment the system of education at schools distant from the reservation does not promise satisfactory results. "If, however, the child is educated among or in the immediate neighborhood of his people, the frequent contact and resulting action and reaction will be mutually beneficial. The visits of the pupil to his home will produce there slight but perceptible changes for the better, while on every return to his school he is at once surrounded by those influences necessary to counteract the natural effect of his contact with the old life of barbarism. Thus hardened by exposure and trained to resist the influence of his surroundings, when he goes out finally from the school, his chances of holding his ground are fairly good. "We believe, then, that the Government should, as rapidly as practicable, establish schools on those reservations, and by forced attendance, if necessary, secure to these people the full benefit of all educational facilities provided for them. "The privilege granted to each head of a family of selecting land for his minor children puts all the children, now living, on an equal footing as to land. It also enables the father to settle his children near him, he selecting for each child a tract of land equal to that which such child might himself select on arriving at the age of eighteen years, under article 6 of the treaty of 1868. sidered by the Commissioner of the General Land Office sufficient legislation to authorize the issue of patents. The Santees are engaged very generally in farming, have broken up their tribal system, and are in every way deserving of aid and encouragement. We respectfully recommend that an effort be made to secure for them the titles to which they are clearly entitled both by merit and treaty stipulations. "Complaints were in several instances made to us, and fully substantiated, of the cutting of hay and timber by military contractors on Indian claims. This is a violation of the rights of the Indian of which he may well complain, and is a source of great annoyance to the agents. We recommend that the necessary steps be taken to prevent further destruction by the military of the timber on these reservations, and to limit the cutting of hay to such lands as are not held as individual claims by Indians." The commission recommends that the reservations set apart for each separate band of Sioux be secured to them by patent to the band, or tribe, as in the case of the Cherokees and others in Indian Territory, and leave the question of whether they shall occupy in common or have allotments to individuals to the Indians themselves. There are features of this report which seem to us good, but the amount recommended to be paid the Sioux for the lands surrendered is very small. We quote articles four, five and six: "The United States further agrees to furnish and deliver to the said Indians twenty-five thousand (25,000) cows and one thousand (1,000) bulls, of which the occupants of each of said separate reservations shall receive such proportion as the number of Indians thereon bears to the whole number of Indian parties to this agreement. All of the said cattle and their progeny shall bear the brand of the Indian Department and shall be held subject to the disposal of said department, and shall not be sold, exchanged, or slaughtered, except by consent or order of the agent in charge, until such time as this restriction shall be removed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs." "The provisions of the treaty of 1868, and of the agreement of 1876, under which rations and annuities are issued, are left without modification. The agreement as a whole is eminently satisfactory to the Indians, as is "It is also agreed that the United States will furnish fully attested by the number of signatures to it, many and deliver to each lodge of said Indians or family of more than were ever before attached to a treaty or agree-persons legally incorporated with them, who shall, in ment with these Indians, and representing all the tribes and bands interested in it. "We deem it proper, before closing this report, to submit for your consideration several matters brought to our attention during our stay on the reservation. "The Santee Sioux, living in Knox County, Nebraska, on land reserved by executive order, are very anxious to secure their lands in severalty by patent. They do not ask for a fee simple, with right to alienate or encumber, but simply such title as will secure their farms to them and their children. "The ratification of the treaty of 1868, which gives the right to the Indian to take and secure by patent 160 acres of government land is not, we are informed, con good faith, select land within the reservation to which such lodge or family belongs, and begin the cultivation thereof, one good cow and one well-broken pair of oxen, with yoke and chain, within reasonable time after making such selection and settlement." "The United States will also furnish to each reservation herein made and described a physician, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith, for a period of ten years from the date of this agreement." If we understand the treaty of 1868, which has not been kept by the Government, but has by the Indians, it provides for all that this last treaty proposes to pay Indians; the hence all that the Sioux get for the ten He then introduced Chief Red Cloud, and invited him million eight hundred thousand acres of land now surrendered, is a new promise that the Government will to address the ladies and gentlemen, but Red Cloud repay them what it owes them for lands surrendered fifteen years ago. How much that promise is worth the reader can judge! In the light of past history we should say not much. ENTERTAINING THE RED MEN. AN INTERESTING ASSEMBLY AT DR. BLAND'S LAST NIGHT. A novel and interesting assembly was that which was gathered last evening in the hospitable parlors of Dr. Bland, at his home, No. 1209 G street, northwest. The occasion was a reception to the Indians and their supporters who are visiting the city, and pressing the claims of the red man for consideration by Congress and the departments. sponded through his interpreter, that while he thanked his friend for the invitation to speak, he had done so much talking and so little listening since he came to this city of orators, that he would ask to be excused from speaking and allowed to listen to the others. Mr. Johnson, a Tuscarora chief from Western New York, who has been prominently identified with the recent efforts in behalf of the Indians, was introduced and spoke briefly concerning the present condition of the red men of that State. The speaker said that the Indians of New York were the reverse of a degenerate race, they were well-trained, governed and civilized; had buried the hatchet so deeply in their well-tilled fields that it would never be unearthed. The greatest evil from which they suffered was their terrible foe intemperance, which would never be overcome, or even diminished, without legislation prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquor. The parlors were well filled with the friends of the Indian cause, and a large number of the braves, chiefs and half-breeds were also in attendance. Among the Indians were noticed Chief Red Cloud, his interpreter, Mr. Adams, of the Stockbridges, of Wisconsin, spoke Edward Laramie, a half-blood Sioux; Lester Bishop, at some length of the evil of compelling Indians to clerk of the Seneca Nation; Peter Shongo, councilor; change their reservations after cultivating or improving Andrew Johns, Jr., councilor; Alexander John, chief them, and said that his people had suffered continually of Cayugas; Herman Crow, Cayuga chief; Elias John- from this injustice. The speaker had a rugged, unreson, Tuscarora chief; J. C. Adams, chief and delegate strained oratory that impressed his hearers, and forced Stockbridges, Munsees and Brothertowns; B. F. Over-upon their minds the justice of his complaints. ton, chief of Chickasaws; J. Brown, member of Chick- Mr. Ross, of the Cherokees, of Indian Territory, spoke asaw Senate; J. E. Anderson, Chickasaw delegate; in a very interesting vein of the progress and present Dr. La Fleur and J. P. Folsom, Choctaw delegates; condition of his people. He said that the Cherokees G. W. Grayson, Robert Ross, and R. M. Wolf, Cherokee were a very progressive and civilized tribe, probably delegates. equal in all respects to any other Indians of North Among the well-known workers in behalf of the red America. His people had their churches, their courts, man were the host and his accomplished wife, ex-Indian their schools, their jails, and their places of assembly Commissioner Manypenny, Cyrus Beede, Professor and amusement, and were in a very prosperous and Johnson, Isaac T. Gibson, ex-Indian agent; ex-Con- peaceful condition. Out of a population of 22,000, the gressman Phillips, of Kansas, who commanded a bri-Cherokees, of Indian Territory, now had 5,000 children gade of Indians during the war for the Union; Hon. who regularly attended schools. civilized. Enoch Hoag, ex-Superintendent of Indian Affairs; The Cherokees were proud of their own progress and Colonel Coffin, ex-Superintendent of Indian Affairs; were resolved to become more and more prosperous and Mr. Holcombe, editor Republican, Towanda, Pennsylvania. Besides these, there were many invited guests present who sympathize with the Indian, and who manifested much interest in the speeches. After pleasant introductions the programme of the evening commenced. Dr. T. A. Bland addressed the assembly briefly, and suggested that for the benefit of the Indian guests, he would request the interpreters not only to give the English-speaking guests the benefit of what the red men said, but also to render in the Indian tongue, the substance of what was spoken in English. Governor Overton, chief of the Chickasaws, was called upon and said that he could make a pretty good report of his people; he knew Chickasaws who could deliver as long a prayer and drink their whisky as straight as any Washingtonian. His people were energetic and industrious, and were in a progressive state. They were warlike, but there were so few of them, that at present, at least, they would remain peaceful and let the hatchet hang behind the door. Mr. George W. Grayson, of the Creeks, said that he was taken at a disadvantage, as he could hardly praise his people as peaceful and civilized when every news paper for the past fortnight had brought accounts of their threatened outbreaks and depredations, but nevertheless he intended to make high claims for this tribe, as he was proud of their progress, their wealth and their standing. They had emulated the example of their white brethren in the formation of their government; they had schools, courts, judges, legislatures and many other of the institutions of civilization. Perhaps the real trouble was that they had advanced too rapidly, and the older and less enterprising Indians who had not progressed with their brethren are slow to understand the new state of affairs and resented it. His people were not dependent upon the whites for support or aid. They were glad to avail themselves of their experience and knowledge, but did not want their money or assist ance. They were independent and self-sustaining, and only asked their white brothers to let them have peace with the free exercise of their treaty rights. He was delighted to learn that the troubles between the Creeks were now settled, and he did not apprehend that they would be repeated. None of the other Indians who were present were inclined to speak, and several of the Caucasian workers in behalf of the Indian were called upon for addresses. Colonel George W. Manypenny, who was for many years the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, spoke upon the necessities of the Indians, and the importance of the encouragement of temperance among them. Colonel Enoch Hoag, formerly Indian Superintendent of Kansas, told several interesting anecdotes of Red Cloud and other distinguished chiefs, and of the progress of the Indian race within his memory. Colonel Phillips, of Kansas, who has lived among the Indians of that State for many years, delivered an interesting address, followed by Mr. Wolfe, of the Cherokees, who spoke of the action of his people in regard to public education. The evening was closed with delightful vocal and instrumental music by Miss Fannie Friend, of Boston.Washington Daily Critic, Feb. 13th, 1883. In reproducing the above from a leading daily paper, we desire to say that its tone is very different from that of the daily press a few years ago. This fact indicates progress in civilization on the part of the white people as well as the Indians, and this progress is due to a better understanding of the Indian character. The public receptions to Indians which have been held in our parlors so frequently during the past five years, have had a salutary influence upon public sentiment in this city, and, to some extent, throughout the country, as people from various points attend them, and reports of them are read widely. They do the Indians good by bringing them into pleasant social relations with some of the best representatives of our own race, who assure them of their respect and friendship, which raises their sinking hopes of ultimate justice. When they return to their homes they bear with them pleasant recollections of these occasions, and are able to cheer the hearts of their people with recitals of the kind words spoken to them by warm-hearted friends. RED CLOUD AND SPOTTED TAIL. Red Cloud, the celebrated Sioux chieftain, who is visiting this city this winter, brought in his carpet-bag of grievances a claim for one hundred ponies, which he alleges were unlawfully taken from him by the United States forces in 1876. This chief has been one of the tribes, for there are many subdivisions and tribes among most powerful of the many great warriors of the Sioux the Sioux. Ogalalla, Brulé, Teton, and Uncapapas are the names of some of the most prominent. Red Cloud is an hereditary or traditional chief, but up to the time of Spotted Tail's assassination the latter had grown more and more powerful until of late years he had become the most powerful of all the Sioux chieftains. This was, in a great measure, due to Spotted Tail's friendship and loyalty to the whites, and the confidence entertained by the officers of the army in his professions. Red Cloud, on the contrary, lost the confidence of the army, and was generally considered unreliable by reason of what might be called his "fast and loose " policy. But the Indians themselves, while greatly fearing and respecting Spotted Tail on account of his influence with the whites and his unquestioned courage and ability, had the traditional regard which obtains among more civilized peoples for hereditary rank. Many of the Sioux have therefore clung to Red Cloud through all his checquered career. At the close of our civil war we occupied a line of military stations extending across the Sioux reservation from the Upper North Platte river to the Yellowstone. Red Cloud and his warriors demanded that we should abandon these posts, and upon our failure to comply made their vicinity the theatre of many a bloody skirmish. This state of affairs finally culminated in the ambuscade by Red Cloud and his braves of Col. Fetterman and his command of about eighty men and several officers, all of whom were massacred. This occurred near Fort Phil. Kearney in 1866, and thereupon, and apparently as the result of this massacre, the Government abandoned Forts Reno, Kearney and C. F. Smith. If a concession of this kind was to have been made at all it should have preceded, and thereby preveuted that bloody affair. The result showed that Red Cloud had either outwitted in diplomacy or out-fought in war a nation that had just brought to a successful termination negotiations of the most delicate character with the most powerful nation on earth, and an internecine war grand in its proportions. During the hostilities which, in 1875, 76, 77 were waged between the leadership of Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Dull Knife, renegade bands of Sioux and Cheyennes, under the Little Bad Man, and other redoubtable chiefs, Red Cloud and Spotted Tail remained upon the Sioux reser vation at the agencies bearing their respective names. derstands that, if then Dr. McGillicuddy should be reBut while they were apparently personally friendly and appointed he can hold the office until December without took no part in the hostilities, the young braves were being confirmed. restive, and in the case of Red Cloud's band particularly many undoubtedly left the reservation and joined the hostiles who were already along the banks of the Tongue and Yellowstone rivers engaged in open war. The above is from a recent issue of the Sunday Herald, a Washington journal, an avowed organ of the army. The article appeared soon after Agent McGillicuddy arrived in Washington, and is therefore open to the suspicion that he inspired if he did not write it. Secretary is capable of such a trick as this? We cannot, Is it possible that the honorable will not, believe it. Yet the circumstantial evidence is pointing strongly in that direction. Agent McGillicuddy's term of office expired a month ago. He has not been reappointed, but is acting as agent without bonds, having been sent back from here to Pine Ridge two weeks ago to resume charge of the agency without a reappointment. The writer, whoever he is, meant to prejudice the In the matter of getting some pay for his stolen Government against Red Cloud, but we fail to see any- horses, Red Cloud has made progress. Commissioner thing in the article discreditable to the old chief, save Price and Secretary Teller, have become convinced that the charge that he has pursued a fast and loose policy, his people had seven hundred and five horses wrongfully which charge is not proven or attempted to be proven. taken from them by General Crook in 1876. The Red Cloud does not wish to deny the fact that he fought Commissioner recommended that he be paid seven dolthe army bravely and successfully until he conquered a peace, but he does dare deny that since he made a treaty of peace with the Government, he has ever gone on the war-path or in any way violated that treaty. The Herald writer is in error in saying that Red Cloud is an hereditary chief, also that his influence with his people has declined. He was elected chief twenty-three years ago by an almost unanimous vote of his people, in recognition of his fitness for the position, and that he has not been deposed and superceded by his people is, as he said to Secretary Teller, pretty strong proof that he has filled the position in a manner satisfactory to his people. RED CLOUD GOES HOME DISAPPOINTED. lars a head, and the Secretary raised it to twenty dollars, sending his recommendation to Congress that that amount be paid. Colonel Manypenny, chairman. of the Sioux Commission of 1876, told the Secretary that in his judgment, these horses were worth upon an average, forty dollars. And Charles Jones, Esq., of St. Anthony, Minnesota, informed Chief Clerk Brooks, of the Indian Bureau, that he witnessed their sale at auction, and that not a pony sold for less than forty dollars, and from that to a hundred and twenty five dollars. Secretary Teller says that he asked for all that he thought Congress would pay. AN INDIAN AGENT LOSES TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS. Louis, last Tuesday, which illustrated the apothegm that "An incident occurred in the Southern hotel, St. virtue is its own reward.' William Bauerlein, a Milwaukee drummer, while passing through the gentlemen's parlor, picked up a pocketbook containing $10,000 in cash, certificates, and checks. Shortly afterward Mr. McGillicuddy, the Indian agent at the Pine Ridge agency, who has lately figured before the public in connection with the troubles with Red Cloud, rushed into the office and told the clerk he had lost his pocketbook, and wanted a carriage to go to police headquarters and offer a reward of $800 for its recovery. He was very much excited, his teeth were chattering and his face was ashy pale. Mr. Bauerlein, who was present, turned over the property, and the generous McGillicuddy invited him to take a drink and call on him if he ever visited the Pine Ridge agency, much to the disgust of the gentlemen present." Chief Red Cloud is still in Washington as we close our paper, but he hopes to start for his home within two or three days. He goes back disappointed as to the chief object of his visit to get the Secretary to appoint a new agent for his people in place of Dr. McGillicuddy. At every talk with Secretary Teller, he has come back to that vital question, and pressed it respectfully but strongly. At the last conference he said: "I want to know if I can have a new agent." His voice had an undertone of sadness which touched our heart. As a true Indian chief, he had maintained a dignified bearing throughout; but now he was almost pleading. He was going home to his waiting people, who have been for months alternately hoping and despairing. How could he tell them that they were to remain in this feverish state of mind indefinitely. This is what he The above is from a St. Louis paper of recent date. must tell them, for Secretary Teller replied: "I have Our attention was called to it by a gentleman recently not decided that matter yet. I probably shall not until from Pine Ridge agency, who said: "This incident sugtowards warm weather." Red Cloud understood this gests certain questions of peculiar significance. First, to mean that no appointment of an agent will be made as St. Louis is not on the route from Washington to until after the adjournment of the Senate, and he un- Pine Ridge agency, what took Agent McGillicuddy there? Second, where did he get the $10,000 from ? went back to their ruined homes and were kindly reAnd, lastly, how did he happen to have that large ceived by their now defeated rebel brethren. The tribe amount of money in a pocketbook and so loosely on was re-united and a chief elected in the old way, the his person? The natural inference is, that he did not candidates walking out and the braves ranging themtake this money from Washington, as so careful a man selves in two lines under the leadership of their respectas he would have bought a bank draft instead of car- ive favorites, to be counted. The loyal party were found rying currency, hence he must have received it in St. to be in the majority. The others submitted. But after Louis, and that the loss occurred before he had time to a while the educated Creeks, chiefly half-breeds, got up a get a bank draft. Although St. Louis is not on his government like the white people have. Under this new route to his agency, it is the headquarters of the contract-government, the chief is elected by printed ballots. ors who furnished the beef cattle to Pine Ridge agency The uneducated full-bloods do not understand this plan last fall. Query was this $10,000 the agent's share of and the half-breeds manage the elections, so as to elect the extra and dishonest profit on the last lot of cattle their candidates. The full-bloods think that they are received for Red Cloud's people by Agent McGillicuddy?" THE TROUBLES IN THE CREEK NATION. For some months past the newspapers have contained frequent reports of troubles among the Creeks, and specks of war. These reports have been exaggerated, and unreliable, yet there is trouble between the two political factions of the Creeks, which has resulted in some bloodshed and which has threatened serious results. From the best information we are able to get, the danger has, for the present, passed. Captain Daniel Childers, of the Creeks, is in Washington, and called at THE COUNCIL FIRE office a few days ago and gave the following as his explanation of the trouble: cheated and they don't like it. At the late election the candidates were Samuel Checote and Spieche, the latter being the candidate of the full-bloods, who claim that Spieche was elected. But Checote was counted in. Spieche contested the election in the only way that he could, in Indian style, by putting himself at the head of his braves and demanding to be recognized as chief." We promised Captain Childers to give his story to our readers, and here it is. A BILL FOR THE PREVENTION OF TRESPASSES ON INDIAN LANDS. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section twenty-one hundred and forty-eight of the Revised Statutes of the United States be amended to read as follows, namely: "When the war between the South and the United States began, Gen. Albert Pike, of Arkansas, visited Indian Territory for the purpose of making a treaty with the Indians on behalf of the rebel government. He found those who owned slaves, chiefly half-breeds, in sympathy with the South, and with these he secured a treaty, but the full-blood Indians were mostly loyal to the United States. They said we have made treaties with the United States in which we bind ourselves not to go to war against the Government. We have no treaty with this new government you tell us about. The United States is our father, you are a stranger. not fight for strangers against our father. We don't want anything to do with this quarrel. The Creeks were divided, and became foes to each other. The men who made the treaty with General Pike were furnished arms and ammunition by him and made war on their loyal brethren. The loyal Creeks whipped the rebels, but after that the rebel Indians were reinforced by troops from Texas, and the loyalists were whipped and driven out of their country up into Kansas. The young This bill was introduced by Mr. Haskell, chairman of men all went into the Union army, leaving the old men the Indian Committee of the House, and it is to be and their women and children in tents furnished by the hoped that it may pass. It is especially meant to punGovernment. After the war was over these Creeks ish such fellows as Captain Paine, the Oklahoma raiders "SEC. 2148. Every person who, without authority of tribal reservations, or lands specially set apart for Inlaw, enters and shall be found upon any Indian lands, dian purposes, shall, for the first offence, upon conviction thereof, pay a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned at hard labor for not more than one year; and for every subsequent offence, shali, thousand dollars and not less than five hundred dollars, upon conviction thereof, pay a fine of not more than one and be imprisoned at hard labor for not more than two years nor less than one year; and the wagons, teams, and outfit of such person or persons so offending, shall We canbe seized and delivered to the proper United States officer, and be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited, one-half to the informer and the other half to the United States; and in all cases arising under this act, Indians shall be competent witnesses : Provided, however, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to emigrants or travelers peaceably passlands specially set apart for Indian purposes, without ing through such Indian lands, tribal reservations, or committing any willful trespass or injury to person or property." |