NEW INDUSTRIES.-The subject-matter of this inquiry consists of information from 38 counties of the State, and is presented in two parts. The first part shows, by counties, the number and kind of manufacturing industries and the business houses (wholesale and retail) established since 1906. The second part shows, by counties, the number and kind of new industries, manufacturing and mercantile, desired in each locality, together with the natural or acquired advantages and the inducements offered.

TRADE UNIONS.-In this section is presented a compilation of returns made by 431 of the 662 local unions in the State. Tables are given showing for each local union the location, year of organization, membership, dues paid, amount expended for sick and funeral benefits, the extent to which demands are made for the employment of union men only, the hours worked per day, the minimum and maximum wages received, with changes since 1905, and the number of strikes occurring during the same period. The combined membership of the unions reporting was 30,593. The average increase of minimum wages for the State was 8.81 per cent and the average increase of maximum wages was 7.64 per cent.

WAGE-EARNERS.-Data furnished by 404 individual wage-earners of the State engaged in 50 occupations relating to hours of labor per day, wages, annual earnings, savings, conditions of employment, amount of insurance carried, ownership of home, changes in hours and wages, etc., are presented in this chapter. The total wages earned during 1907 by 261 male wage-earners who reported was $208,824, or an average of $800.09 for each. The earnings of 15 female wage-earners reporting aggregated $5,256, or an average of $350.40 for each. Savings for the year amounted to $27,715 by the 125 males and to $455 by the 7 females reporting, or an average of $221.72 for the males and $15.68 for the females. Fire insurance was carried on their homes by 199 males to the extent of $204,592, or an average of $1,028.10 for each. Home owners numbered 89, while 64 reported the ownership of an equity in their homes amounting to 44.5 per cent of the valuation.

RAILROAD EMPLOYEES.-This is an investigation of the conditions surrounding the employment of railroad men in the transportation branch of the service, and a record of the accidents to railroad employees within the State during the years 1906 and 1907, and of accidents to employees, passengers, and others during the period 1878 to 1907. Returns from the railroad employees show that the average run per month was 3,397 miles for 17 conductors on 3 different systems, 2,978 miles for 35 engineers on 10 different systems, 3,098 miles for 9 firemen on 5 different systems, and 3,370 miles for 10 trainmen on 3 different systems. For conductors the average

monthly earnings reported for 1907 was $116.77; for engineers, $125.90; for firemen, $84.47; and for trainmen, $71.67.

EMPLOYERS' STATISTICAL REPORT.-These returns, presented in two tables, cover the year 1907, and were furnished by employers in 1,100 industrial establishments, in 87 counties of the State, in which 49,037 persons were employed, 41,135 being wage-workers and 7,902 salaried employees.

The first table, arranged by counties, gives in detail character of industry, number of establishments reporting, number of employees (men, women, and children), hours worked per day, days in operation during the year, increases and decreases in wages, and amount paid in wages during the year to each class of wage-workers (men, women, and children). In addition there is given the amount paid in salaries during the year to men and women, together with the number employed of each sex.

The second table summarizes, by counties, the data presented in the first table. It shows that the 41,135 persons employed as wageworkers in the 1,100 establishments earned during 1907 the sum of $22,180,543. Of the total, 32,690 men earned $19,867,555; 7,405 women earned $2,139,193; and 1,040 children under 16 years of age earned $173,795. The average annual earnings of the men $607.76; of the women, $288.88, and of the children under 16 years of age, $167.11. To the 7,902 salaried employees the sum of $7,842,229 was paid, $7,205,078 to 6,542 men and $637,151 to 1,360 women. The average annual salary received by the men was $1,101.36 and by the women $468.49. The average number of persons employed in each of the 1,100 establishments was 44.6, the average hours worked per day 9.8, and the average number of days per year 298.

CANNING INDUSTRY.-The table relating to this industry is arranged by counties, and shows for the year 1907 the number of plants reporting, time in operation, number of men, women, and children employed, hours worked per day, and amount paid in wages during the year to each class of wage-workers; also the number of men and women employed on salary, together with the total amount paid each class during the year.

MONTANA.

Tenth Report of the Bureau of Agriculture, Labor, and Industry, of the State of Montana for the year ending November 30, 1906. J. A. Ferguson, Commissioner. 478 pp.

Following are the general titles of the subjects treated in this report: Montana (general review of conditions in the State), 6 pages; lands, 56 pages; irrigation, 62 pages; agriculture, 76 pages; labor, 45 pages; the industries, 58 pages; miscellaneous, 165 pages.

LABOR.-A variety of subjects relating to labor are presented under this general head.

The full text is given of laws recently enacted relating to the liability of employers, and to restricting the employment of children under the age of 16 years.

The following statement shows the transactions of the free public employment office located at Butte for the two years ending November 30, 1906, and of the office at Great Falls for the 14 months from the time of its establishment to November 30, 1906:

TRANSACTIONS OF THE MONTANA FREE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT OFFICES, 1905 AND

Other subjects presented under the general title "Labor" are hours of railway employees, decision of the supreme court of the State on the 8-hour law, wage scales, spotted fever, and a directory of the labor organizations in the State.

INDUSTRIES.—The amount, value, etc., of production of the various mineral resources of the State for 1904 and 1905 are extensively detailed under this general head; also the product of breweries and creameries, and the production of lumber, and of brick and other clay products. During the year 1904 there were produced by the coal mines in the State 1,435,917 tons of coal, the mines paying $1,990,887 for labor. The coal production in 1905 was 1,759,560 tons, and the amount paid for labor $2,080,763. In the production of brick and other clay products there was expended for labor $134,540 during 1904 and $163,841 during 1905.

RECENT FOREIGN STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS.

BELGIUM.

Les Industries a Domicile en Belgique. L'Industrie du Meuble a Malines. La Broderie sur Linge et l'Industrie du Col, du Corset, de la Cravate et de la Chemise; l'Industrie du Vêtement Confectionné pour Femmes a Bruxelles; l'Industrie de la Corderie. Office du Travail, Ministère de l'Industrie et du Travail. Volume VIII. 1907. 54, 404, 200 pp.

This volume is the eighth in a series presenting the results of an inquiry into the conditions of home workers in Belgian industries. The first part reviews the furniture industry in the characteristic and important center of Malines; the second, the making of embroidery and women's apparel throughout the Kingdom, with a special chapter on the making of women's clothing at Brussels and one on home workers in various forms of the clothing industry in Berlin; while the third part is taken up with an account of rope making.

The investigation was undertaken with a view to the procuring of adequate data for the enactment of legislation for the improvement of the condition of employment at home, and covers the physical, social, moral, and economic conditions of the various industries, showing the origin and development of such industries, present methods of work, the use of machinery, the sources of the labor supply, methods of marketing, competition to be met, etc. The volume contains a number of charts and illustrations.

Salaires et Durée du Travail dans les Industries des Métaux au mois d'Octobre 1903. Office du Travail, Ministère de l'Industrie et du Travail. 1907. 54, xiii, 1103 pp.

The report named above presents data as to wages and hours of labor in the metal working industries of Belgium, and is the third of a series covering the principal industries of that country, the preceding reports having reference to coal mining and textile industries, respectively. These three groups of industries include almost onehalf the industrial population of Belgium as shown by the census of 1896, there being 116,274 persons employed in coal mines, 82,768 in textile industries, and 99,641 in metal working, out of a total employed population of 671,596 persons. The present report deals with a total of 93,050 persons, or 93.4 per cent of the number shown by the

census of 1896. Detailed analyses of the results of the inquiry into the metal-working industries are presented in the second volume, the first setting forth the methods and general results of the inquiry.

The data presented were secured by personal visits of agents of the labor office, and relate only to establishments employing ten or more persons on October 31, 1903, or during the week or fortnight prior thereto, except in four instances in which smaller establishments are included for reasons not stated. Members of the proprietors' families and superintendents, overseers, engineers, watchmen, bookkeepers, and other office employees, as well as home workers, are excluded from consideration, and the hours of labor reported are the hours of actual employment customarily observed in the establishments, omitting parts of days and extra time worked. Actual wages paid were secured from the pay rolls, omitting pay for overtime, but including premiums and gratuities received by the employees.

The two following tables show the number of employees in different classes of industries by sex and age; also the number of establishments considered, arranged according to the number of employees:

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES OF EACH SEX AND AGE GROUP IN SPECIFIED METALWORKING INDUSTRIES, OCTOBER, 1903.

Of the total number of employees, only 3,487, or 3.7 per cent, are females, of whom 574 were under 16 years of age. Females were employed in every industrial group but one. The total number of employees under 16 years of age was 5,952, or 6.4 per cent of the whole number. Two industries, classed in the table as iron manufactures (including blast furnaces, the manufacture of steel, iron, puddling, and the manufacture of iron and steel plates) and machinery and metal products (including the construction of engines, boilers, and locomotives, shipbuilding, etc.), employ 56,034 persons, or 60.2 per cent of the total, no other industry having as many as 10,000 employees.